WIND ENERGY SYSTEMS - Cd3wd

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Chapter 1—Introduction 1–18 Figure 8: Typical performances of wind machines. Another vertical axis machine which has interested people for many years is the Madaras rotor. This system was invented by Julius D. Madaras, who conducted considerable tests on his idea between 1929 and 1934. This concept uses the Magnus effect, which refers to the force produced on a spinning cylinder or sphere in a stream of air. The most familiar example of this effect is the curve ball thrown by a baseball pitcher. The Madaras rotor is a large cylinder which is spun in the wind by an electric motor. When the wind is from the left and the cylinder is spinning counterclockwise as shown in Fig. 9, the cylinder will experience a lift force in the direction shown. There will also be a drag force in the direction of the wind flow. If the cylinder is mounted on a special type of railroad car and if the wind speed component perpendicular to the railroad tracks is sufficiently strong, the lift force will be adequate to move the car along the tracks. The basic idea is shown in Fig. 10. The railroad car or tracked carriage must be heavy enough that it will not overturn due to the drag forces. Power can be extracted from the system by electrical generators connected to the wheels of the tracked carriage. The cars roll around a circular or racetrack shaped track. Twice during each orbit of a rotor car around the track (when the wind is parallel to the track), each spinning rotor in turn must be de-spun to a stop, and then spun-up in the opposite direction. This cycle is necessary in order to assure that the propulsive force changes direction so that all rotors are propelling the train in the same angular direction. Wind Energy Systems by Dr. Gary L. Johnson November 20, 2001
Chapter 1—Introduction 1–19 Figure 9: Magnus force on a spinning cylinder. Figure 10: Madaras concept for generating electricity. The original system proposed by Madaras consisted of 27 m high by 6.8 m diameter cylinders which were vertically mounted on flat cars and rotated by electric motors to convert wind energy to Magnus-effect forces. The forces would propel an endless train of 18 cars around a 460 m diameter closed track. Generators geared to the car axles were calculated to produce up to 18 MW of electric power at a track speed of 8.9 m/s in a wind speed of 13 m/s. More recent studies[15, 16] have shown that energy production is greater with a racetrack shaped plant perhaps 3 km wide by 18 km long which is oriented perpendicular to the prevailing winds. This modern design includes cylinders 4.9 m in diameter by 38.1 m tall, cars with a length of 19.2 m and a width of 17.4 m, and a track with 11 m between rails. Individual Wind Energy Systems by Dr. Gary L. Johnson November 20, 2001
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