CIRCUMCISION OF INFANT MALES

Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.....................................................................................................5
INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................6
ORIGINS & HISTORY.........................................................................................................6
ANATOMY OF THE FORESKIN.........................................................................................7
FUNCTIONS OF THE FORESKIN ......................................................................................7
CARE OF THE FORESKIN.................................................................................................7
CONTRAINDICATIONS TO NEWBORN AND INFANT CIRCUMCISION..........................8
TECHNIQUE OF CIRCUMCISION......................................................................................8
COMPLICATIONS OF CIRCUMCISION .............................................................................8
ANALGESIA .......................................................................................................................9
THE ROLE OF CIRCUMCISION IN PREVENTING DISEASE .........................................10
URINARY TRACT INFECTION.........................................................................................10
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS ......................................................................11
HIV/AIDS ...........................................................................................................................11
HPV AND CERVICAL CANCER.......................................................................................12
PENILE CANCER & PROSTATE CANCER .....................................................................13
SUMMARY OF PROTECTIVE BENEFITS OF CIRCUMCISION ......................................13
LEGAL STATUS OF INFANT CIRCUMCISION................................................................13
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS OF NEONATAL CIRCUMCISION ...................................14
SUMMARY OF LEGAL & ETHICAL ISSUES...................................................................16
REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................22
3