Key findings from the 2009 New Zealand ... - Ministry of Health

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Non-sampling errors Non-sampling errors may occur in any enumeration, regardless of whether it is a sample or a full enumeration. Possible non-sampling errors include coverage errors, response bias and measurement errors. Although these elements cannot be measured, it is useful to be aware of them when interpreting the results of the survey. Considerable effort has been made to reduce non-sampling errors by carefully designing and testing the survey, questionnaire and processes, and by ensuring quality control of procedures and data. In the 2009 NZTUS, coverage errors may have occurred; for example, because a small proportion of the population could not be covered by the survey (including people living in meshblocks with fewer than nine occupied dwellings, and people not living in the North Island, South Island or Waiheke Island). Response bias may have occurred if there was differential non-response; that is, if the survey was less likely to be answered by certain people, such as a certain population group (eg, young males) or people who were not often home. The interview introduction was an important part of trying to ensure that people take part in the survey. Measurement error might also have occurred in this survey. Many of the analyses in this report used self-reported information, which may have resulted in some inaccuracies. Measurement errors include recall error (eg, mistakes made when respondents recall how often they have done something over the last 12 months), under- and over-reporting (which may be influenced by the respondent’s perception of what is socially desirable) and item non-response (if the respondent chooses not to answer certain questions). Time trend comparisons Where possible, and relevant, time trend comparisons are made between the 2009 NZTUS, 2008 NZTUS, 2006 NZTUS and the 2006/07 New Zealand Health Survey (NZHS). 4 Time trend analyses have been conducted for the total population by sex and for Māori by sex. Comparisons with earlier survey data for other ethnic groups have not been presented due to the limited space available. Where the sample size allows, time trend analyses for other ethnic groups will be presented in online web tables. Due to differences in how data have been collected and presented over time, the results presented in this report may be slightly different from those in earlier publications and caution should be used when comparing data. Direct comparisons with data that are not included in the time trend analysis in this report need to be treated with caution. In particular, the following should be noted. The 2006 NZTUS questionnaire comprised two sections: one for those aged 15–19 years and the other for those aged 20–64 years. There were some differences in the 4 To ensure as much comparability as possible, the 2006/07 New Zealand Heath Survey data set was re-weighted and limited to 15–64-year-olds. 6 Tobacco Use in New Zealand
questions asked of these groups. Given these differences, some time-trend comparisons presented in this report have been made for 20–64-year-olds only. There were some differences in question order and content between the 2006 NZTUS and the 2008 and 2009 NZTUS questionnaires. The 2008 and 2009 surveys had questions around quit attempts lasting 24 hours or more, prior to the questions about quit attempts lasting for more than a week. The 2006 NZTUS did not have questions about quit attempts lasting 24 hours or more. In the 2008 and 2009 NZTUS, participants who had quit for at least 24 hours but less than a week may have answered ‘no’ to the quit for at least a week question because they would have already answered questions about quit attempts lasting 24 hours or more in the past 12 months. In other words, the 24-hour quit attempt questions appear to have filtered out those people who tried to quit in the past 12 months, but couldn’t stay quit for a week or more. The filtering process of the 2008 and 2009 NZTUS may mean that these surveys are a better estimate of the prevalence of smokers who quit smoking for at least a week in the past 12 months than the 2006 NZTUS. For this reason, the 2006 NZTUS data were excluded from the time-trend analysis of smokers who quit smoking in the past 12 months for at least a week. It is possible that the findings of some other time-trends analyses (eg, services or advice used in last quit attempt) may be confounded by this methodological issue. Total response ethnicity (see above) was used for the 2008 and 2009 NZTUS reports, whereas prioritised ethnicity was used for the 2006 NZTUS report. How can readers access more survey results? Data for all analyses presented in this report will be available in data tables online in Excel format, on the publications web page (see www.moh.govt.nz) from early 2011. The analyses presented in this report are only a small proportion of those that could be undertaken, and in many ways pose more questions than they answer. Researchers are encouraged to use the 2009 NZTUS data set to explore topics of interest. The 2009 NZTUS CURF (confidentialised unit record file), with accompanying documentation and user guides, will be available in 2011. Researchers may apply to access CURF data sets. CURFs have had all identifying information about individuals removed, and have been modified to protect individual information. Approval is subject to certain criteria, terms and conditions, and the researcher’s organisation must sign a microdata access agreement with the Ministry of Health. For more information and to download the application form, refer to the Health and Disability Intelligence Unit’s Microdata Access Protocol online (http://www.moh.govt.nz/moh.nsf/indexmh/dataandstatistics-survey-access). How to interpret graphs in this report Bar graphs The bar graphs in this report show the proportions (or percentages) of people in different groups who demonstrated a particular smoking-related behaviour. The following diagram shows how to interpret the bar graphs presented in this report. Tobacco Use in New Zealand 7
Page 1 and 2: Tobacco Use in New Zealand Key find
Page 3: Authors This report was prepared on
Page 6 and 7: Chapter 7: Smoker Regret and Quitti
Page 8 and 9: List of Figures Figure 1: Annual nu
Page 10 and 11: Figure 51: Received the ABC approac
Page 12 and 13: Key Points Current smoking in New Z
Page 14 and 15: Of Pacific smokers who made a recen
Page 17 and 18: Chapter 1: Introduction This report
Page 19 and 20: Total response ethnicity Ethnicity
Page 21: For example, the survey only covere
Page 25 and 26: Rate ratio graphs The rate ratio gr
Page 27 and 28: Figure 1: Annual number of tobacco
Page 29 and 30: Figure 3: Annual number of deaths a
Page 31 and 32: Chapter 4: Current Smoking A curren
Page 33 and 34: Current smoking, by ethnic group Ta
Page 35 and 36: Current smoking, by neighbourhood d
Page 37 and 38: For Māori, there was no change in
Page 39 and 40: Māori youth were more than twice a
Page 41 and 42: Time trends in current smoking in y
Page 43 and 44: Chapter 5: Type of Cigarette Consum
Page 45 and 46: Figure 14: Roll-your-own cigarette
Page 47 and 48: Time trends in roll-your-own cigare
Page 49 and 50: Manufactured cigarette consumption
Page 51 and 52: Figure 19: Manufactured cigarette c
Page 53 and 54: Time trends in manufactured cigaret
Page 55 and 56: Type of cigarette consumption in yo
Page 57 and 58: Source of cigarettes/tobacco produc
Page 59 and 60: Chapter 7: Smoker Regret and Quitti
Page 61 and 62: Quit smoking for at least 24 hours
Page 63 and 64: Quit smoking for at least a week in
Page 65 and 66: For Māori, there was no change bet
Page 67 and 68: Chapter 8: Use of Quitting Advice o
Page 69 and 70: After adjusting for age, 15-64-year
Page 71 and 72: Time trends in the use of any quitt
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Time trends in services and product
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Use of the Quitline The National Qu
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Use of nicotine replacement therapy
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3. Age standardised to the WHO worl
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Preferred choice of services and pr
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Use of the ABC approach by health c
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Figure 45: Asked smoking status by
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Provided with quitting advice and r
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Received the ABC approach from a he
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Received the ABC approach from a he
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Asked smoking status by a general p
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Asked smoking status by a general p
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For Māori, the age-standardised pr
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Figure 60: Received the ABC approac
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Time trends in receiving the ABC ap
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Chapter 10: Exposure to Second-hand
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Figure 65: Exposure to second-hand
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Exposure to second-hand smoke at ho
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Exposure to second-hand smoke at ho
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Exposure to second-hand smoke in th
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Exposure to second-hand smoke in th
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Figure 72: Exposure to second-hand
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Chapter 11: Discussion The 2009 NZT
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A further limitation is that differ
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P-value Prevalence Quintile Recent
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References Ahmad O, Boschi-Pinto C,
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Key findings from the 2009 New Zealand ... - Ministry of Health

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