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Country profiles of health system responses to the crisis | Ukraine 509 Health promotion and prevention • Advertising ban on tobacco and alcohol (2008 and 2012). • Extension of smoking ban indoors in government buildings places, restaurants, cafes and bars. • Excise taxes on alcohol increased by 11% and on cigarettes by 7.5% (2013). • Priority funding given to programmes combatting tuberculosis and promoting immunization (2009).
United Kingdom England: John Appleby and Seán Boyle Northern Ireland: Pat McGregor and Ciaran O'Neill Scotland: Shelley Farrar and David Steel Wales: Marcus Longley and Ceri Philips There are differences between the countries of the United Kingdom in terms of some health policies and these are covered separately when relevant. Economic trends • Real per capita GDP in the United Kingdom contracted in 2009 by 4.6%; growth was below average in 2010 and 2011. The budget deficit increased sharply in 2009 to 11.4% of GDP; the deficit was smaller in 2010 and 2011 as government spending as a share of GDP declined. • Unemployment increased between 2008 and 2011 but is still below the European mean. • Ten-year bond rates declined from 2008 to 2011. • Health spending as a share of government expenditure has been stable despite reductions in the size of government expenditure. This has meant a slowdown in public per capita growth in 2010 and negative growth in 2011 of 3.9% (United Kingdom: Fig. 1). • United Kingdom Fig 2 gives the overall trends in per capita spending on health. Policy responses Changes to public funding for the health system England • The Department of Health's 2010 Spending Round settlement for the NHS provided an average 0.1% real-term increase per annum over the four years to 2014–2015 and a requirement to find productivity improvements to the value of around £5 billion a year to 2014–2015 to meet increased demand and improve service quality (2010). • However, the government required the NHS to underspend against budget, leading to a surplus of £1.9 billion in 2010–2011 and £2.1 billion in 2011–2012 (around 2% of NHS revenue). • NHS spending in real terms (at 2010–2011 prices) fell slightly from 2009–2010 to 2010–2011 and is forecast to increase slightly by 2014–2015.
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Economic crisis, health systems and
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The European Observatory on Health
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Keywords: DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE E
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vi Economic crisis, health systems
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viii Economic crisis, health system
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List of abbreviations ACS Health in
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List of tables and figures Tables P
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Acknowledgements This book represen
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Preface This book maps health polic
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Part I Country case studies
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4 Economic crisis, health systems a
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10 Economic crisis, health systems
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Chapter 4 The impact of the crisis
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Chapter 4 | The impact of the crisi
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Albania Genc Burazeri and Enver Ros
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Country profiles of health system r
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Austria Thomas Czypionka and Maria
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Azerbaijan Fuad Ibrahimov Economic
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Bulgaria Antoniya Dimova and Mina P
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Cyprus Elisavet Constantinou and Ma
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Czech Republic Tomáš Roubal and J
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Estonia Triin Habicht and Mall Lein
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Finland Jan Klavus and Lauri Vuoren
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France Karine Chevreul, Karen Berg
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Germany Klaus-Dirk Henke and Wilm Q
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Iceland Sigrún Gunnarsdóttir and
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Ireland Anne Nolan and Steve Thomas
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Israel Bruce Rosen and Amir Shmueli
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Kazakhstan Ninel Kadyrova and Tata
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Latvia Uldis Mitenbergs and Maris T
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Malta Natasha Azzopardi Muscat Econ
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Montenegro Ratka Knežević Economi
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Norway Anne Karin Lindahl and Jon M
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Page 504 and 505: The Russian Federation Elena Potapc
Page 508 and 509: Serbia Vukasin Radulovic Economic t
Page 520 and 521: Spain Enrique Bernal-Delgado, Sandr
Page 528 and 529: Switzerland Alberto Holly and Phili
Page 532 and 533: Tajikistan Ghafur Khodjamurodov Eco
Page 538 and 539: Ukraine Valeria Lekhan and Mariia T
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