Web-economic-crisis-health-systems-and-health-web
Web-economic-crisis-health-systems-and-health-web Web-economic-crisis-health-systems-and-health-web
Finland Jan Klavus and Lauri Vuorenkoski Economic trends • Real per capita GDP in Finland declined by 6.7% in 2009 but has since made a recovery that is below the mean growth in the European region. Government spending as a share of GDP is among the highest in Europe and increased in 2009 during the crisis, leading to repeated years of budget deficit. • Unemployment rates remain comparatively low by European standards. • Ten-year bond rates have fallen during the crisis and are among the lowest in Europe. • The share of government spending dedicated to health is below the European average. Growth in all sources of financing slowed from 2008 to 2009. In 2010, public per capita spending decreased while there was a slight acceleration in OOP expenditure (Finland: Figs 1 and 2). Policy responses Changes to public funding for the health system • The central government subsidy to municipalities (a third of which is spent on health services) was cut by 7% (2012) and its contribution to the national health insurance scheme was cut by €153 million (4.2% of NHS expenses) from 2013, with savings expected from changes to national health insurance reimbursement of drugs, travel costs and private treatment. Changes to health coverage Population (entitlement) • No response reported. The benefits package • No response reported. User charges • Co-payments abolished for health centre visits in Helsinki (2012). • User charges increased for public health services (revised every other year based on the public pensions index) by 9.3% (2010) and 0.4% (2012).
376 Economic crisis, health systems and health in Europe: country experience % Finland: Fig. 1 Economic and fiscal indicators 2000–2007 and 2008–2011 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 −5 −10 −15 −20 −25 −30 _ _ _ _ ● ● _ _ ● ● _ _ _ ● _ Real GDP per capita growth _ _ _ _ _ ● ● _ _ ● ● ● _ _ _ Deficit/surplus (% GDP) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ● ● _ _ _ ● _ ● _ ● _ _ _ _ _ Government spending (% GDP) _ _ _ _ _ ● ● ● ● ● _ _ _ _ _ Government health spending (% total government spending) _ _ _ _ _ _ ● _ ● ● ● ● _ _ _ 10−year bond rates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ● ● ● ● ● _ _ _ _ _ Unemployment rate Notes: Deficit/surplus: Eurostat; 10-year bond rates: European Central Bank; Other indicators: WHO Health for All. Year 2000−2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Finland: Fig. 2 Trends in per capita spending on health, 2000–2011 2500 Public spending per capita OOP spending per capita Non−OOP private spending per capita 2000 Per capita spending $, PPP 1500 1000 500 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 10 Growth % 5 0 −5 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Public spending per capita growth OOP spending per capita growth Note: Spending calculated from WHO Health for All. Non−OOP private spending per capita growth
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- Page 362 and 363: Austria Thomas Czypionka and Maria
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- Page 366 and 367: Azerbaijan Fuad Ibrahimov Economic
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- Page 382 and 383: Bulgaria Antoniya Dimova and Mina P
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- Page 390 and 391: Cyprus Elisavet Constantinou and Ma
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- Page 394 and 395: Czech Republic Tomáš Roubal and J
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- Page 404 and 405: Estonia Triin Habicht and Mall Lein
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- Page 412 and 413: France Karine Chevreul, Karen Berg
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376 Economic <strong>crisis</strong>, <strong>health</strong> <strong>systems</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>health</strong> in Europe: country experience<br />
%<br />
Finl<strong>and</strong>: Fig. 1 Economic <strong>and</strong> fiscal indicators 2000–2007 <strong>and</strong> 2008–2011<br />
60<br />
55<br />
50<br />
45<br />
40<br />
35<br />
30<br />
25<br />
20<br />
15<br />
10<br />
5<br />
0<br />
−5<br />
−10<br />
−15<br />
−20<br />
−25<br />
−30<br />
_ _<br />
_ _<br />
● ●<br />
_ _<br />
●<br />
●<br />
_ _<br />
_<br />
●<br />
_<br />
Real GDP<br />
per capita growth<br />
_ _<br />
_ _ _<br />
● ●<br />
_ _<br />
●<br />
● ●<br />
_ _ _<br />
Deficit/surplus<br />
(% GDP)<br />
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _<br />
_ _<br />
●<br />
●<br />
_ _<br />
_<br />
● _ ●<br />
_<br />
●<br />
_ _ _ _ _<br />
Government<br />
spending<br />
(% GDP)<br />
_ _ _ _ _<br />
● ● ● ● ●<br />
_ _ _ _ _<br />
Government<br />
<strong>health</strong> spending<br />
(% total government<br />
spending)<br />
_ _ _ _ _<br />
_ ● _ ●<br />
●<br />
●<br />
●<br />
_ _ _<br />
10−year<br />
bond rates<br />
_ _ _ _ _<br />
_ _<br />
●<br />
●<br />
●<br />
●<br />
●<br />
_ _ _ _ _<br />
Unemployment<br />
rate<br />
Notes: Deficit/surplus: Eurostat; 10-year bond rates: European Central Bank; Other indicators:<br />
WHO Health for All.<br />
Year<br />
2000−2007 2008 2009 2010 2011<br />
Finl<strong>and</strong>: Fig. 2 Trends in per capita spending on <strong>health</strong>, 2000–2011<br />
2500<br />
Public spending per capita OOP spending per capita Non−OOP private spending per capita<br />
2000<br />
Per capita spending $, PPP<br />
1500<br />
1000<br />
500<br />
0<br />
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011<br />
10<br />
Growth %<br />
5<br />
0<br />
−5<br />
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011<br />
Public spending<br />
per capita growth<br />
OOP spending<br />
per capita growth<br />
Note: Spending calculated from WHO Health for All.<br />
Non−OOP private spending<br />
per capita growth
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