Web-economic-crisis-health-systems-and-health-web
Web-economic-crisis-health-systems-and-health-web Web-economic-crisis-health-systems-and-health-web
Chapter 9 | The impact of the crisis on the health system and health in Portugal 311 6. Conclusions The current financial, economic and social crisis in Portugal resulted from a complex interplay of external and internal factors. While the government implemented a number of austerity measures before 2011, it was the adoption in mid-2011 of the three-year AP, negotiated with the Troika, that brought about more severe socioeconomic changes. The health section of the AP contained a number of measures that had been called for before the crisis began. These measures were mostly focused on reducing health care costs, rationalizing the use of health resources and increasing revenues through mechanisms such as user charges. However, in many ways the AP did not consider the potential effects of austerity on health and health care. One of the more significant omissions of the AP was the lack of early health impact assessment of the crisis and associated austerity measures. With better monitoring, policy-makers could have designed adequate measures to minimize negative health effects. Moreover, adopting a transparent approach would have allowed for more evidence-based assessment of the true impact of the crisis on health. Based on the limited data available by mid-2013, there seems to have been a negative impact of the crisis on mental health and health care-seeking behaviours, particularly among vulnerable groups. The likely impacts on alcohol and drug addiction and on acute and chronic conditions are more difficult to clearly ascertain at present. Moreover, identifying the relative contribution of impoverishment, increased user charges, transportation difficulties and unemployment concerns is not possible on the basis of the data that are currently available. Likewise, budget cuts, salary reductions and adverse working conditions for health managers and health care professionals are likely to have negative effects on health care processes. There are many challenges for Portuguese society in the months and years ahead. Despite compliance by the government in implementing the AP and improvements in access to financial markets, public debt has been increasing substantially; private access to credit remains difficult; unemployment continues to be high; economic growth prospects are slim; and in this context the public deficit targets in line with the new European Treaty (Fiscal Compact) do not seem to be very realistic without further social hardship and cuts in public expenditure. Placing health visibly on the public policy agenda, both nationally and at European level, through a comprehensive approach to public polices, looking explicitly at the intermingled effects of financial, economic and social policies, is a fundamental requirement for looking ahead towards a better future.
312 Economic crisis, health systems and health in Europe: country experience Appendix 9.1 Expert panels on impact on health and health systems Two expert panels were convened on the impact of the socioeconomic crises, one on health and another on health systems, in order to complement existent information and assist in a more in-depth analysis and weighting of available evidence. The panel on the health impacts met 5 March 2013 and included two practising medical public health experts, one from a northern part of the country and another from the centre–south; an endocrinologist coordinating the Portuguese Diabetes Observatory; a mental health expert engaged in research concerning the mental health effects of this crisis; an expert on the health of older people who had a nursing background, and a GP, coordinating a family health unit. The panel on the health systems impact met 6 March 2013 and included the executive director of a health centre grouping, the basic organizational set up of primary health care in Portugal; two hospital administrators with a managerial background; a hospital director with a medical background; and a physician experienced in coordinating hospital emergency departments. Panel members received advance information concerning the study objectives, process and questions included in the study framework regarding health and health systems impact, as well as the way panels were expected to operate. The panel worked on the basis of a focus group approach, as follows. 1st round Initial statement. Considering questions indicated above, each expert will make an initial statement, selecting those questions he/she feels more appropriate to address (on the basis of his/hers professional experience and knowledge). Discussion. All other experts were invited to complement the initial statement from each expert. Clarifications. At the end of this first round of statements, case study coordinators could ask for some further explanations and clarifications; The panel members were informed that their statements could be based on one or more of the following information sources: personal experience or personal information from reliable sources, objective information from reliable sources, official reports and/or systematic studies. 2nd round Final discussion. All experts were invited to a final statement on the issues discussed.
- Page 293 and 294: 260 Economic crisis, health systems
- Page 295 and 296: 262 Economic crisis, health systems
- Page 297 and 298: 264 Economic crisis, health systems
- Page 299 and 300: 266 Economic crisis, health systems
- Page 301 and 302: 268 Economic crisis, health systems
- Page 303 and 304: 270 Economic crisis, health systems
- Page 305 and 306: 272 Economic crisis, health systems
- Page 307 and 308: 274 Economic crisis, health systems
- Page 309 and 310: 276 Economic crisis, health systems
- Page 311 and 312: 278 Economic crisis, health systems
- Page 313 and 314: 280 Economic crisis, health systems
- Page 316 and 317: Chapter 9 The impact of the crisis
- Page 318 and 319: Chapter 9 | The impact of the crisi
- Page 320 and 321: Chapter 9 | The impact of the crisi
- Page 322 and 323: Chapter 9 | The impact of the crisi
- Page 324 and 325: Chapter 9 | The impact of the crisi
- Page 326 and 327: Chapter 9 | The impact of the crisi
- Page 328 and 329: Chapter 9 | The impact of the crisi
- Page 330 and 331: Chapter 9 | The impact of the crisi
- Page 332 and 333: Chapter 9 | The impact of the crisi
- Page 334 and 335: Chapter 9 | The impact of the crisi
- Page 336 and 337: Chapter 9 | The impact of the crisi
- Page 338 and 339: Chapter 9 | The impact of the crisi
- Page 340 and 341: Chapter 9 | The impact of the crisi
- Page 342 and 343: Chapter 9 | The impact of the crisi
- Page 346 and 347: Chapter 9 | The impact of the crisi
- Page 348 and 349: Chapter 9 | The impact of the crisi
- Page 350 and 351: Chapter 9 | The impact of the crisi
- Page 352: Chapter 9 | The impact of the crisi
- Page 356 and 357: Albania Genc Burazeri and Enver Ros
- Page 358 and 359: Country profiles of health system r
- Page 360 and 361: Country profiles of health system r
- Page 362 and 363: Austria Thomas Czypionka and Maria
- Page 364 and 365: Country profiles of health system r
- Page 366 and 367: Azerbaijan Fuad Ibrahimov Economic
- Page 368 and 369: Country profiles of health system r
- Page 370 and 371: Country profiles of health system r
- Page 372 and 373: Country profiles of health system r
- Page 374 and 375: Country profiles of health system r
- Page 376 and 377: Country profiles of health system r
- Page 378 and 379: Country profiles of health system r
- Page 380 and 381: Country profiles of health system r
- Page 382 and 383: Bulgaria Antoniya Dimova and Mina P
- Page 384 and 385: Country profiles of health system r
- Page 386 and 387: Country profiles of health system r
- Page 388 and 389: Country profiles of health system r
- Page 390 and 391: Cyprus Elisavet Constantinou and Ma
- Page 392 and 393: Country profiles of health system r
312 Economic <strong>crisis</strong>, <strong>health</strong> <strong>systems</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>health</strong> in Europe: country experience<br />
Appendix 9.1<br />
Expert panels on impact on <strong>health</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>health</strong> <strong>systems</strong><br />
Two expert panels were convened on the impact of the socio<strong>economic</strong><br />
crises, one on <strong>health</strong> <strong>and</strong> another on <strong>health</strong> <strong>systems</strong>, in order to complement<br />
existent information <strong>and</strong> assist in a more in-depth analysis <strong>and</strong> weighting of<br />
available evidence.<br />
The panel on the <strong>health</strong> impacts met 5 March 2013 <strong>and</strong> included two practising<br />
medical public <strong>health</strong> experts, one from a northern part of the country <strong>and</strong><br />
another from the centre–south; an endocrinologist coordinating the Portuguese<br />
Diabetes Observatory; a mental <strong>health</strong> expert engaged in research concerning<br />
the mental <strong>health</strong> effects of this <strong>crisis</strong>; an expert on the <strong>health</strong> of older people<br />
who had a nursing background, <strong>and</strong> a GP, coordinating a family <strong>health</strong> unit.<br />
The panel on the <strong>health</strong> <strong>systems</strong> impact met 6 March 2013 <strong>and</strong> included the<br />
executive director of a <strong>health</strong> centre grouping, the basic organizational set up of<br />
primary <strong>health</strong> care in Portugal; two hospital administrators with a managerial<br />
background; a hospital director with a medical background; <strong>and</strong> a physician<br />
experienced in coordinating hospital emergency departments.<br />
Panel members received advance information concerning the study objectives,<br />
process <strong>and</strong> questions included in the study framework regarding <strong>health</strong> <strong>and</strong><br />
<strong>health</strong> <strong>systems</strong> impact, as well as the way panels were expected to operate.<br />
The panel worked on the basis of a focus group approach, as follows.<br />
1st round<br />
Initial statement. Considering questions indicated above, each expert will make<br />
an initial statement, selecting those questions he/she feels more appropriate to<br />
address (on the basis of his/hers professional experience <strong>and</strong> knowledge).<br />
Discussion. All other experts were invited to complement the initial statement<br />
from each expert.<br />
Clarifications. At the end of this first round of statements, case study<br />
coordinators could ask for some further explanations <strong>and</strong> clarifications;<br />
The panel members were informed that their statements could be based on one<br />
or more of the following information sources: personal experience or personal<br />
information from reliable sources, objective information from reliable sources,<br />
official reports <strong>and</strong>/or systematic studies.<br />
2nd round<br />
Final discussion. All experts were invited to a final statement on the issues<br />
discussed.