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116 Economic crisis, health systems and health in Europe: country experience
Under Law 2883/2012, user charges for diagnostic tests in public hospitals have
been abolished across the board even for the social health insurance funds that
previously used to charge 25%.
3.3 Changes to health service planning, purchasing
and delivery
A number of measures have been introduced in an attempt to enhance efficiency
through structural reforms, while others target shorter-term cost-cutting.
Health system structural reforms
Structural reforms, particularly those targeting the fragmented and inequitable
social health insurance system, had been identified as necessary long before the
crisis occurred (Economou, 2010). Based on the provisions of the first MoU,
Law 3863/2010 established a new framework for the functioning of the social
health insurance system, which stipulated:
• the separation of the health branches of the wider social security funds from
the administration of pensions;
• the merger of these health funds in order to simplify the overly fragmented
social health insurance system;
• bringing all health-related activities under the Ministry of Health and Social
Solidarity; 7 and
• the establishment of the Health Benefit Coordination Council.
The aim of the Council, whose actual existence was short lived, was to simplify
the overly fragmented system with the establishment of criteria and terms for
contracts between the social security funds and all health care providers in order
to achieve reductions in spending.
By far the most significant structural reform has been the subsequent
establishment of EOPYY and the administrative merging of the health care
branches of the main social health insurance funds into a single health care
insurance fund. EOPYY formally began operation in June 2011 and will act as
the sole purchaser of medicines and all health care services for all those insured,
thus acquiring higher bargaining power with suppliers (see below). EOPYY is
also the country's main new body tasked with managing primary care. Its role
is to coordinate primary care, regulate contracting with all health care providers
and set quality and efficiency standards, with the broader goal of alleviating
pressure on ambulatory and emergency care in public hospitals.
7 Apart from the Ministry of Health, a number of other ministries previously had health-related responsibilities. For
example, the Ministry of Labour was responsible for the health branches of the insurance funds while the Ministry of
Development was responsible for the pricing of medical products.