Presentation - Terrorism, Transnational Crime and Corruption Center

Paper presented at
George Mason University, USA
(7 th Oct, 2011)
Pakistan Society of Criminology
House # 3, Aashiqabad, New Warsak Colony, Warsak
Road, Peshawar. )
Ph: +92-91-5200806
Cell: +92-313-5954055
Email: pscatpeshawar@yahoo.com,
Website: www.pakistansocietyofcriminology.com

Pakistan
Population: 177.1
Million Est.
Area: 796,095 sq.
km,
KPK Pop/Area: 23
m/74521 sq.km
FATA Pop/Area:
4.2 m/27220 sq.km

Area (Sq. KM.) 7,96,096
Population
(6 th )
177.1 2010 Population Reference Bureau, 2010
Rural/Urban Ratio 63.2/36.8 2010 Ibid
Life Expectancy at birth (m/f) 67.9/64.18 2010/2011 Economic Survey of Pakistan, 2010-11
Population Growth Rate 2.05% 2010 Population Reference Bureau, 2010
Income Per Capita $1,254 2010-11 Economic Survey of Pakistan, 2010-11
Unemployment Rate 5.6% 2011 Economic Survey of Pakistan, 2011
Below Poverty Line
Educational Expenditure % of
GDP
literacy rate (age +)
Expenditure on health as % of
GDP
Human Development Index
(HDI)
Corruption Perceptions Index
Ranking
75% on both
sides of
2011 Economic Survey of Paksitan, 2010-11
Poverty Line
2.10% 2008 ESP-2008-09, Chp. 10. p. 158
56% (69 m, 44
f)
2007-08 ibid
2% WHO (2009). "World Health Statistics.”
128th (0.490) 2010 UNDP, Human Development Report 2010
143/178 2010
Trafficking in Person Tier 2 2010
Transparency International (2011). Global
Corruption Perception Index Report 2010
Trafficking in Persons Report 2010 . P.50. US
Department of State.

Total Universities in Pakistan=133
(Public/Private Sector= 74/59).
Universities offering Criminology as subject (3):
1. Karachi University (1996). Master in Criminological Sciences
(MCS)-Evening Programme
2. Sindh University (1998). Department of Criminology. M.Sc.
Criminology – Evening Programme.
3. Punjab University (2009). Institute of Social & Cultural Studies.
M.Sc. Criminology and Security Studies (two years) & Diploma
in Criminology (one Year)-Evening Programme.
Note: The degree course of criminology at Punjab University has started in July 2009. Sixty students has got admission in
the first batch of M.Sc. Criminology.

Criminology is also offered as optional subject
in the
Department of Social Work,
Department of Anthropology &
Department of Sociology, Peshawar
University.
Department of Social Work, Islamia
University Bahawalpur
Department of Social Work, University of
Sargodha.
Department of Social Work and
Sociology, Kohat University of Science
and Technology

HEC Proposed Curriculum for MSc
Criminology
2 years programme.
1 st Semester 2 nd Semester
1 Fundamentals of Criminology 1 Islamic Perspective on Crime and
Punishment
2 Theoretical Perspectives on Crime And
Criminal Behaviour
2 Policing
3 Methods of Research in Criminology 3 Forensic Sciences in Criminology
4 Criminal Justice System 4 Terrorism and Violence
5 Correctional Institutions 5 Criminal Investigation
3 rd Semester 4 th Semester
1 Penology 1 Human Rights
2 Community Justice and Crime Prevention 2 Criminal Psychology
3 Research Thesis 3 Research Thesis
Source: Revised Curriculum of Criminology (2003)Higher Education Commission, Curriculum Development
Division. Islamabad: Ministry of Education, Pakistan. available at HEC website, www.hec.gov.pk

SINDH UNIVERSITY, JAMSHORO
Two years Post-Graduate Programme
1. CRM 501* Fundamentals
of Criminology
2. CRM 502 Criminal Justice
System
3. CRM 503 Research
Methods
4. CRM 504 Islamic
Perspectives of Crimes
5. CRM 505 Juvenile
Delinquency and Female
Criminality
6. CRM 506 Terrorism and
Violence
7. CRM 507 Penology
8. CRM 508 Criminal
Psychology
9. CRM 601 Policing
10.CRM 602 Constitution
Rights & Civil Liberties
11.CRM 603 Criminal
Investigation Methods
12.CRM 604 Comprehensive
Viva-Voce
13.CRM 605 Dissertation/
Research Project
*a subject code
Source: Official Website of Department of Criminology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro. Available at www.unisindh.edu.pk

UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB
One Year Diploma in criminology & security
studies
• 1 st Semester • 2 nd Semester
1. Crime and 1. Research Methods
Criminality: Theory in Criminology
and Policy
2. Criminal Law and
2. Criminal Justice
Penal Code of
System of Pakistan
3. Corruption Studies
4. Introduction to
Behavioral Sciences
Pakistan
3. Criminal
Investigation
4. Forensic Science in
Criminology
Note: The degree course in criminology has also started in July 2009.
Source: Official Website of Department of Criminology, University of Punjab. Available at www.pu.edu.pk

UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB
(Cont.)
Master in Criminology & Security Studies is a two-year
program consisting of 4 semesters.
To qualify for the degree, a student should complete 18
courses, Internship and Thesis.
• 1 st Semester
1. Introduction to Criminology
2. Introduction to Security
Studies
3. Computer Applications
4. National & International
Perspective on Crime and
Security
5. Crime and Criminality:
Theory and Policy
• 2 nd Semester
1. Crime and Security
2. Geographical Information
System (GIS)
3. Criminal Justice System of
Pakistan
4. Research Methods in
Criminology
5. Social Statistics in
Criminology
Source: Official Website of Department of Criminology, University of Punjab. Available at www.pu.edu.pk

UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB
(Cont.)
• 3 rd Semester
1. Organizational Behaviour
and Human Resource
Development
2. Crime and Criminology in
Pakistan
3. Islamic Perspective on
Crime and Punishment
4. Criminal Investigation
5. Community Justice and
Crime Prevention
6. Child Abuse and Juvenile
Delinquency
7. Penology
8. Criminal Psychology
9. Crime and Mental Health
Issues
• 4th Semester
1. Gender and Crime
2. Terrorism and
Violence/Drug Abuse and
Related Crimes
3. Procedures of Evidence in
Criminal Law
4. Forensic Science in
Criminology
5. Policing
6. Organized Crime And
Money
7. Laundering
8. Internship
9. Thesis
Source: Official Website of Department of Criminology, University of Punjab. Available at www.pu.edu.pk

KARACHI UNIVERSITY
Two years Masters in Applied Criminology
• 1 st Semester
1. Introduction to Criminal
Behavior
2. Theoretical Perspective
of Crime & Criminal
Behavior
3. Research Methodology
in Criminology
4. Principal of Criminal
Law and Justice System
5. Correctional Institution
as Social System
• 2 nd Semester
1. Organizational Problem
and Management
2. Islamic Perspective on
Crime & Punishment
3. Policing & security
4. Forensic Genetics &
Psychology
5. Statistical Methods in
Criminology
Source: Provided by a Master Student of the Criminology, Karachi University.

KARACHI UNIVERSITY (Cont.)
• 3 rd Semester
Core Course
1. Terrorism, Violence &
Control
2. Introduction to Criminal
Investigation
3. Research Thesis
Optional Courses (students
are required to select at
least 2 subjects)
1. Drug Abuse and Related
Crimes
2. Gender & Crimes
3. Organized Crime and
Money Laundering
4. Advance Research
Methodology
• 4 th Semester
Core Course
1. Penology
2. Procedure of Evidence in
Criminal Law
3. Research Thesis
Optional Courses (students
are required to select at
least 2 subjects)
1. Mental Health & Issues
2. Child Abuse & Juvenile
Justice System
3. Sentencing as Post
Conviction Strategy
4. Human Rights Law
Enforcement Agencies.
Source: Provided by a Master Student of the Criminology, Karachi University.

AUTHOR’S PROPOSED CURRICULUM OF MSc
CRIMINOLOGY -2 Years
Previous Year (1st Final Year (2nd Year)
Year)
• Previous Year (1st • Final Year (2nd
Year)
Year)
1. Basic Criminology 1. Criminal Justice
2. Criminal Law and System
Procedure
3. International Crimes
2. Investigation,
Intelligence
and
4. Police & Policing
5. Criminological
Research
Security Studies
3. Contemporary
Criminology and
Policing
4. Human Rights
5. Individual Research
Thesis (Tutorial)
6. Viva Voce
Source: Fasihuddin (2008). Expanding Criminology to Pakistan. Peshawar: Pakistan Society of Criminology.

Professional Organizations
of Criminology in Pakistan
Association of the Police Service of
Pakistan (APSP),
National Council of Criminology Pakistan
(NCCPAK) - http://nucss.edu.pk/index.php
Pakistani chapter of the International
Police Association (IPA). IPA
http://www.ipa-pk.com/
Pakistan Society of Criminology

Total Members (September
2011)= 187
Development of Website
(http://www.pakistansocietyof
criminology.com)
Expanding Criminology to
Pakistan (Book)
Training to the KPK Police
Training Manuals for Police
Training (Urdu)
Training to the Students of Social
Sciences
Pakistan Journal of Criminology
(PJC), Quarterly, Since April 2009.
Juvenile Justice Review
Criminology Library at Peshawar
Worldwide development of
linkage with the Criminological
Societies
Seminars & Workshops
Proposed National Conference
on Criminology
Urdu Translation of Prof. KCW
book on “Chinese Police”

Police - People Relationship

Police Organization and
Administration with special
Reference to Recruitment and
Training
Structure

Sanctioned Police Strength for 2008-09
Rank Punjab Sindh NWFP Balochistan Total
PPO/IGP 1 1 1 1 4
Addl.I.G.P. 18 6 2 4 30
DIG 38 18 13 13 82
AIG/SSP 37 18 10 32 97
SP/Addl.SP 215 102 66 47 430
ASP 65 333 17 5 420
DSP 797 182 222 1201
Inspector 3457 1551 442 542 5992
Sub-Inspector 15121 4190 1779 1545 22635
Assistant Sub-Inspector 12602 9146 1948 2467 26163
Total Officers 32351 15365 4460 4878 57054
Head Constable 17732 15105 6201 7463 46501
Constable 117537 68074 37994 23529 247134
Total Constables 135269 83179 44195 30992 293635
Officer: Constable Ratio 4.18129 5.414 9.909 6.35342353 5.1466
Grand Total 167620 98544 48655 35870 350689
Population
of Pakistan
170 m
Police 350689
Police
Population
Ratio
1:485

Total Police Budget in Pakistan (2008-09)
(Millions Rupees)
Area
Establishment
Other
Expenditure
Development
Total
Punjab 24500.75 4740.84 1375.24 30616.83
Sindh 21521.46 4773.86 500 26795.32
NWFP 5585.622 972.8 636.82 7195.242
Balochistan 3761.38 303.36 0 4064.74
Grand Total
55369.212
(80.6%)
10790.86
(15.7%)
2512.06
(3.6%)
68672.132
(100%)
In US $ 667.098 130.01 30.265 827.375
Source: Office of the Director General, National Police Bureau, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Recorded Crimes in Pakistan (1991-2008)
600000
576,185
537,866
Number of Recorded Crimes
500000
400000
300000
286,528
323,351 329,305
428,549
388,414
399,006
441,907
538,048
200000
287,746
290,000
339,228
369,161
409,167
380,659
400,680
447,756
100000
0
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Years (1991 to 2008)

Crime Rate in Pakistan (1991-2008)
Year Population
in Millions [1]
Recorded
Crimes [ 2]
Crime
Rate
1991 112.61 287,746 255.52
1992 115.54 286,528 247.99
1993 118.5 290,000 244.73
1994 121.48 323,351 266.18
1995 124.49 339,228 272.49
1996 127.51 329,305 258.26
1997 130.56 369,161 282.75
1998 133.32 428,549 321.44
1999 136.41 409,167 299.95
2000 139.41 388,414 278.61
2001 142.35 380,659 267.41
2002 145.28 399,006 274.65
2003 148.21 400,680 270.35
2004 151.09 441,907 292.48
2005 153.96 447,756 290.83
2006 156.77 537,866 343.09
2007 159.06 538,048 338.27
2008 162.37 576,185 354.86
Source: [1] Economic Survey of Pakistan 2008-09. Table No. 12.1. p. 194
[2] National Police Bureau, Islamabad, Pakistan

Province-wise Crime Figures 2008
Offence Punjab Sindh NWFP Balochistan Total
Crime Against Person 52219 19820 10419 3643 86101
Murder 5544 2734 2896 605 11779
Attempt to Murder 7201 3655 2951 625 14432
Hurt 23744 2839 3003 1612 31198
Rioting 270 5208 22 313 5813
Assault on Public Servant 1419 2551 474 205 4649
Zina 2000 206 153 19 2378
Gang Rape 202 49 3 0 254
Kidnapping/Abduction 11279 2168 628 207 14282
Kidnapping for ransom 213 217 129 40 599
Suicide 3 138 11 0 152
Attempt to Suicide 344 55 149 17 565
Traffic Accidents 5306 1482 2676 470 9934
Fatal Accidents 2604 852 707 230 4393
Non Fatal Accidents 2702 630 1969 240 5541
Miscellaneous 100051 15564 23719 1918 141252

Offence Punjab Sindh NWFP Balochistan Total
Crime Against Property 81546 24560 2208 2158 110472
Highway Dacoity 73 73 4 42 192
Bank Dacoity 8 20 3 1 32
Petrol Pump Dacoity 13 22 0 5 40
Other Dacoity 2007 2051 53 107 4218
Highway Robbery 230 56 11 5 302
Bank Robbery 17 13 1 1 32
Pet. Pump Robbery 47 77 1 0 125
Other Robbery 13651 5167 171 184 19173
Burglary 11235 2458 518 244 14455
Cattle Theft 7961 684 89 92 8826
M.V. Theft 16343 10525 718 1049 28635
Other Theft 29961 3414 639 428 34442
Total PPC Crime 239122 61426 39022 8189 347759
Local & Special Laws 135314 16230 75061 1821 228426
Arms Act 64113 10084 31603 883 106683
Prohibition Order 48048 4816 27222 556 80642
Other Local & Special
Laws
23153 1330 16236 382 41101
Total Recorded Crime 374436 77656 114083 10010 576185
Source: National Police Bureau, Islamabad, Pakistan
Cont:

CRIEM FIGURES OF KPK -2009-2010
OFFENCES 2009 2010 DIFFERENCE
TOTAL Reported Crime 114677 136665 +21988
Murder 3195 2956 -239
Attempted Murder 2972 2951 -21
Hurts 2697 3151 +454
Zina (Rape) u/s 376(5,6,10) 69 114 +45
Sodemy (377) 88 124 +36
Kid other then ransom 435 273 -162
Kid Ransom 178 158 -20
Abduction 396 586 +190
Assault on Police 380 265 -115
Assault on others Govt: Servant 168 123 -45
Dacoities 103 81 -22
Robberies 203 151 -52
Burglary 575 566 -9
Theft 880 958 +78
Vehicles Theft 632 621 -11
Vehicles Snatching 366 231 -135
Fatal Accident 658 817 +159
Non Fatal Accident 1667 1915 +248
U/S 279/336 PPC 9875 11263 +1388
Local & Special Law 74394 92359 +17965
Miscellaneous 14746 17002 +2256
Source: SP/Research, Central Police Office, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Peshawar, Pakistan

Crime Rate of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa for the years
2009 and 2010
2010
Population [1] 23,300,000
Crimes [2] 136,665
Crime Rate 586.55
Population [1] 22,780,000
2009 Crimes [2] 114677
2008
Crime Rate 503.41
Population [3] 21,856,000
Crimes [2] 114,089
Crime Rate 522
Source: [1] Population: Ministry of Population Welfare
[2] Crime: SP/Research, Central Police Office, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Peshawar, Pakistan
[3] Economic Survey of Pakistan 2008-09

NO
PERSON KILLED
PERSON INJURED
OF
YEARS CASES
REGIS Police
TERED
FC Army CIVIL: TOTAL Police FC Army CIVIL: TOTAL
2004 27 6 1 2 4 13 3 3 7 58 71
2005 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2006 38 18 0 0 55 73 24 0 0 121 145
2007 359 62 32 62 253 409 172 89 162 592 1015
2008 524 117 25 52 408 602 256 86 88 885 1315
2009 727 149 22 107 742 1020 360 70 236 2244 2910
2010 252 63 12 37 412 524 197 18 105 1047 1367
TOTAL 1928 415 92 260 1874 2641 1012 266 598 4947 6823
Source: Office of Additional IGP Investigation, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Pakistan

DISPOSAL OF TERRORISM CASES in KPK- 2010
Previous under investigation 1099
Cases registered 698
Total 1797
Under investigation 143
Challaned 1654
No. of Previous cases pending in court 643
Total in court 2297
Convicted 20
% age of convicted cases 5%
Acquitted: 410
% age of Acquitted cases 95%
Transfer to other court 48
u/s 512 188
Un-traced 501
No. of cases pending in court 1130
Source: SP/Research, Central Police Office, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Peshawar, Pakistan

Criticism on Existing Security
Arrangements in USA
Policing Terrorism
USA UK Pakistan
9/11 Commission (Nov.2002) Review of
2.5 million pages+1200 Interview + 585
pages Report
Situational Prevention (CCVT, Targethardening,
etc)
No Defined Strategy (L,M,S, Term)
Policing in Multicultural Society Hobson’s Choice Post 9/11
NYPD Special Bureau of 1000 officers ILD + Preventive Detention Political or Military leadership?
ILP/IDP___ (Frank Schmalleger, 2007)
Terrorist-Oriented Policing ? ___
(S.Mastrofski, 2006)
Revision of Training, Deployment,
Communication Strategies and
Counterterrorism Units (Miachel D.
White, 2007)
Aviation and Transportation Security
Act, 2001
US Patriot Act 2001
Homeland Security Act 2002
Domestic Security Enhancement Act
2003 (US Patriot Act II)
Intelligence Reform and Terrorism
Prevention Act, 2004
Coordination of 22 Disparate Domestic
Agencies__ Five ‘Directorates’
Expert Emergency Response at the
scene of a terrorist incident
Terrorist Act 2000
No New Departments
No Public Debate
In Camera Session of Parliament Oct
9,08
Anti-Terrorism Crime and Security Act No Homeland Security
2001 No New Laws
Crime (International Cooperation) Act
2003
Prevention of Terrorist Act UK, London
2005
Terrorism Act 2006
“Shoot-to-kill-to-Protect”—“Trust us to
Beat the Bomber”—The 2012 Vision of
Sir Ian Blair, London Metropolitan Police
Chief
Minds and Hearts
No Joint Task Force
No Anti-Terrorism Centre
No Capacity-building of LEAs
No Reasonable share for LEAs in
Foreign Aid
No Regional Consensus (India,
Afghanistan, Iran)
TTIC, JTTFs, etc/New Defence Strategy Engaging Communities No Research & Analysis

P
I

Police Reforms in Pakistan
1. 1948 Passage of Bill to introduce a Metropolitan System of Policing in
Karachi
2. 1951 Recommendations of Sir Oliver Gilbert Grace, IG Police, NWFP
3. 1961 Police Commission headed by Mr Justice J.B. Constantine
4. 1962 Pay & Services Reorganisation Committee (Justice Cornelius)
5. 1970 Police Commission headed by Major General A.O. Mitha
6. 1976 Police Station Enquiry Committee headed by M.A.K. Chaudhry,
IG Police
7. 1976 Law and Order Sub-Committee headed by Ch. Fazal Haque
8. 1976 Police Reforms Committee headed by Rafi Raza
9. 1981 Orakzai Committee on Police Welfare, Promotion and Seniority
Rules
10. 1982 Cabinet Committee on the Emoluments of SHOs

11. 1983 Cabinet Committee on Determining the Status of SHOs
Cont.
12. 1983 Sahibzada Rauf Ali Committee
13. 1985 The Police Committee headed by Mr Aslam Hayat
14. 1987 Report of the two-member delegation’s visit to Bangladesh and
India
15. 1989 Report of the seven-member delegation’s visit to Bangladesh and
India
16. 1990 Police Reforms Implementation Committee – M.A.K. Chaudhary
17. 1995 Report of the UN Mission on Organised Crime in Pakistan
18. 1996 Report of the Japanese Police Delegation on the Police System in
Pakistan
19. 1997 Committee on Police Reforms under the Chairmanship of Interior
Minister
20. 1998 Report of the Good Governance Group on Police Reforms:
Committee Vision
21. 2000 Report of the Focal Group on Police Reforms: NRB Draft 2000
Source: HRCP/CHRI 2010. (2010). Police Organization in Pakistan. Lahore: Human Rights Commission of Pakistan

POLICE ORDER 2002
Police prior to 2002—Colonial Legacy
Extraneous Control through
posting/transfer/promotion, etc
Public distrust
↓Community involvement
Poor Supervisory Role
↑ abuse of authority
↑ opportunistic/institutional corruption
↓ internal police accountability instruments
↓ competence for strategic planning
↑ ceremonial & law and order duties
↓ professional standards
Inadequate Independent oversight
mechanism.

POLICE ORDER 2002
SALIENT FEATURES
1861 Police Act—No more
Police Reorganization on Geographic & Functional
basis
Detailed responsibilities and Duties of the Police
Rules for posting of PPO/CCPO/DPO, etc
Prevention (Watch & Ward) and Investigation—
Specialization
Policing Plan
Police Complaint Authority/Commission
Establishment of Public Safety Commission
(National/Provincial/District)
Establishing Criminal Justice Coordination Committee
Rules/guidelines for Regulation, Control and Discipline
of the Police
Establishment of National Police Management Board
CPLC

COMPARING POLICE STRATEGIES AND CRIME REDUCTION
Strategy Underlying Hypothesis Effectiveness Evidence
Increase Police
umbers
Random patrol
Mandatory arrest
Community contact
in general
Contact with young
people
Rapid response
Intelligence-led
policing
Directed patrol
More police=less crime
Deterrence through
police omnipresence
More arrests=less crime
More and better
community contact =less
crime
More and better contact
with young people =less
crime
The faster the response
to incidents=less crime
Target prolific offences
or offenders, increased
arrest rate=less crime
Focus patrol on ‘hot
spots’ and ‘hot times’
=less crime
Inconclusive
Ineffective
Effective in some contexts,
ineffective in others; can
result in defiance
Ineffective
Kelling et al. (1974); Clarke
and Hough (1984)
Kelling et al. (1974); Audit
Commission (1996)
Sherman and Berk (1984);
Sherman et al. (1992)
Skolnick and Bayley (1988);
Trojanowicz and Bucqueroux
(1998); Fielding (1995)
Inconclusive Heal and Laycock (1987)
Inconclusive
May be effective in some
contexts
May be effective in some
contexts; ineffective in
others (e.g.drugs)
Pate et al. (1976); Coupe
and Griffiths (1996)
Audit Commission (1993);
Stockdale and Gresham (1995,
1998); Maguire (2000); Innes
(2000); Heaton (2000)
Stockdale and Grsham
(1998); May et al. (2000);
Best et al. (2001)
Sources:
997-998
Jordan 1998; Sherman 1992a, 1993; Reiner 2000a: 121-4. (Taken from the Oxford Handbook of Criminology, 3rd Edition, 2002) Page No.

COMPARING POLICE STRATEGIES AND CRIME REDUCTION
Target repeat
victims
Multi-agency
working
Problemoriented
policing
Zero tolerance/
aggressive
order
maintenance
Proactive
stop/search
Target repeat
victims
Protecting victims =less
crime
Partnership between police
and other agencies =less
crime
Analysis of crime patterns,
addressing underlying
causes through solving
problems=less crime
Crackdowns on minor
offences lead to reductions
in more serious offences
Increases in use of stop and
search powers= decrease in
crime
Protecting victims =less
crime
Effective in some
contexts; ineffective in
others
Inconclusive
Inconclusive
Inconclusive; some support
for ‘broken windows’
hypothesis but aggressive
order maintenance can
generate problems.
Inconclusive; limited effectiveness
in some contexts; perceived as
unfair; low ratio of stops to arrests;
risks public disorder
Effective in some
contexts; ineffective in
others
Forrester et al. (1988); Chenery
et al. (1997); Phillips and
Sampson (1998)
Weatheritt (1986);
Bowling (1999a: 101-
45); Crawford (1999);
Hughes (1998)
Goldstein (1990);
Leigh et al. (1996)
Wilson and Kelling (1982);
Kelling and Coles (1996)
Bowling (1999a); Bratton
(1997); Dennis (1997)
Boydstun (1975); Wilson and
Boland (1978); FitzGerald
(1999); Miller, Bland, and
Quinton (2000)
Forrester et al. (1988);
Chenery et al. (1997);
Phillips and Sampson
(1998)
Sources: Jordan 1998; Sherman 1992a, 1993; Reiner 2000a: 121-4. (Taken from the Oxford Handbook of Criminology, 3rd Edition, 2002)
Page No. 997-998

1. The W/PPO Visit to Nepal on Juvenile Justice (UNICEF), May,
2008.
2. 1-2 Days Seminars and Conferences on Human Rights Issues
(2008-2009).
3. Formation of Police Child Protection Committee (PCPC) on
28 August, 2008.
4. The Chairman PCPC & NPB Officers’ visit to Nepal on
“Juvenile Justice Information Systems, (UNICEF) on Nov, 4-7,
2008).
5. Establishment of Directorate of Human Rights, Conflict
Resolution and Peace Making, KPK Police (Sep 3, 2009).
6. The Chairman PCPC visit to Child & Women Protection Unit in
the Philippines (PPA), Jan 12, 2009.
7. Juvenile Justice Reforms Project (JJRP) (UNICEF) March, 2009
(All Branches of CJS).

8. Printing of Registers (26-A & 27-A) by UNIFEM, Save the
Children, Sweden& RDHR (IGP. SO.4. April 22, 2009).
Cont.
9. Data Collection Inauguration on April 24, 2009.
10. PCP Committee (PCPC) Renamed as Police Child & Women
Protection Committee (PCWPC) on 14 May, 2009.
11. MOU for Police Child Protection Center with SCS and MHR on
13 July, 2009.
12. Pakistan Society of Criminology & Save the Children Sweden
Data Collection Project on 13 August, 2009.
13. Police Child Protection Centre (PCPC)—Warsak Road,
Peshawar, September, 2009.
14. Human Rights-Centre at Police Training College, Hangu, Jan
2011. (PSC+SCS)
15. Replication of PCPC & JJSO/CRC Training by Balochistan
and Islamabad Capital Territory Police

Human Rights Friendly Policing
New Concept (Syn: Human Friendly Policing,
Public Friendly Policing)
Responsive, Protective and Preserver of human
rights.
Delivered by well-resourced police agencies by
deploying well trained personnel who behave
lawfully and humanely with all those who come
in contact with the law.
The police as a protectors of human rights of all
citizens in general and of children, women,
elderly, minority and deprived of liberty in
particular.

Structural
Dimension
Perpetrator
Responsibility
Weak/Special
Segments of Society
Traditional vs HRFP Model
Traditional Model
Violator of law, Criminal
Sole
None
HRFP Model
Accused Suspected, Human
Being, Enjoys many rights till
conviction
Community, Society, Holistic
Approach
Children, Women, WOP,
Elderly, Minority
Detention Facility Combined
Separate, According to Age
and Gender
Police Arrest and Detain the offenders Protect Human Rights
Police Torture 3 rd Degree Force +++ None
Complaint Mechanism,
Community Satisfaction,
(Nil)
Public Oversight
Open, Fair and Accountable
Scientific Methods of
Police Training &
Focused on Law-Enforcement investigation and Human
Education
Rights
Purpose of
Police/Judicial Actions
Punishment, Retribution and
Revenge
Rehabilitation, Reformation
and Reintegration

Recommendations-Task Ahead
Introducing Criminology as a subject in all universities
Expansion of PSC provincial offices to all Provinces be ensured
Independent Institution of Criminology, Research & Policing
Sciences be established
Continuity in Pakistan Journal of Criminology (PJC)be ensured
Developing National Data-base at National Police Bureau
Publication of Existing Crime Data in PJC in 2010
Review of Existing Laws & Policies
Developing Criminal Justice Policy/Annual National Police Plan
1 st, National Conference of Criminology

Police - People Relationship
March 2010
This picture is from Faizaabad Rawalpindi where
violent protests from public erupted after the hike
in the fares of public transport.