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462 “Deep Throat” [365]<br />

Although, as president, Richard Nixon was generally perceived as a<br />

friend of Israel, there were long-standing suspicions about Nixon in the<br />

American Jewish community in general. Nixon had barely won the<br />

presidency in 1968, narrowly defeating Hubert Humphrey, a devoted<br />

supporter of Israel who was highly popular among Jewish voters.<br />

However, in 1972 Nixon was overwhelmingly re-elected in one of the<br />

largest popular landslides in American history and, at that juncture, Nixon<br />

evidently decided that he had a genuine mandate to actually begin flexing<br />

some real clout.<br />

In fact, according to former White House Chief of Staff H.R.<br />

Haldeman, writing in his book The Ends of Power, the president intended to<br />

overhaul the entire federal bureaucracy and bring it under the direct control<br />

of his own handpicked loyalists in the White House inner circle—trusted<br />

longtime colleagues who were not part of the Establishment elite.<br />

"Reorganization," says Haldeman, "is the secret story of Watergate.<br />

That reorganization in the winter of 1972—very little known to the<br />

American public—eventually spurred into action against Nixon the great<br />

power blocs in Washington.<br />

"All of them saw danger as the hated Nixon moved more and more to<br />

control the executive branch from the White House, as he was<br />

Constitutionally mandated to do. What they feared was real. Nixon<br />

genuinely meant to take the reins of government in hand, and if members of<br />

the Congress had been privy to a presidential conversation on September<br />

15, 1972, they would have been even more fearful." 938<br />

According to Haldeman, Nixon said, "We're going to have a<br />

housecleaning. It's time for a new team. Period. I'm going to [tell the<br />

American people] we didn't do it when we came in before, but now we<br />

have a mandate. And one of the mandates is to do the cleaning up that we<br />

didn't do in 1968." 939 As the proposed housecleaning was described by<br />

Haldeman: "Not only would [Nixon] tightly control all reigns of the<br />

government through eight top officers in the White House; he would plant<br />

his own 'agents' in key positions in every agency of the government." 940<br />

Clearly, Nixon had big plans: he was actually going to assert himself<br />

and attempt to gain control of the executive branch and its myriad agencies.<br />

This move, needless to say, made many in the American Jewish community<br />

uneasy. Rumors of Nixon's "lists" of Jews in high-ranking positions in the<br />

executive branch and the agencies began circulating, adding fuel to the<br />

already long-standing suspicions of Nixon. And as all of this was taking<br />

place in the United States, events in the Middle East began to unfold that set<br />

a new tone to Israel's perception of the American president.<br />

NIXON CROSSES THE ISRAELIS<br />

Following his massive 1972 re-election victory, Nixon crossed the line<br />

as far as his previous support for Israel was concerned. In 1973, the Nixon

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