south-asian-militant-groups-and-global-jihad-in-2015

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QUILL IAM violent and delinquent behavior. Extending such work to monitor and tackle violent radicalization and terrorism is a natural next step, but not yet done. We encourage governments to take steps to provide health surveys and censuses that ask about aspects of violent radicalization and group cohesion as relevant health and social issues, and not only as a criminal justice issue. 100 The International Classification of Diseases and CDC now has codes for deaths and injuries from terrorist acts; 101 this offers a system of monitoring that is closely aligned to other public health surveillance programs. Its implementation can offer governments in South Asia an objective, apolitical look at global terrorismrelated deaths and circumstances in which they occur. This is crucial in an environment of widespread violence, coupled with low levels of social and political education. In the sections that follow, we provide region and country-specific approaches to monitoring the terrorist groups that have been presented in Part 1 of this report, and we outline how the problems that they present can be mitigated. This is not a comprehensive blueprint for the implementation of working policies, rather, it will serve to inform the relevant parties of the desired direction for future policy decisions. Nation-Spe cific Policy Re c o m m e n da t i o n s Indian administered Jammu and Kashmir With a high electoral turnout at the Legislative Assembly elections in December 2014, Kashmir has indicated that it is prepared to give democratic politics under Indian rule a chance. This is an opportunity to stabilize the situation in Jammu and Kashmir that must not be wasted. The new Legislative Assembly government, under Indian appointed governor Narinder Nath Vohar, and a power sharing agreement between the Peoples’ Democratic Party (PDP) and the BJP must: a) Invest significant efforts in tackling unemployment. J&K has the highest rate of unemployment in North India, 102 combining frustration, and poverty disenfranchisement. b) Implement policies to reduce poverty and inequality, as well as improve support for families, including but not limited to: increasing social assistance and economic development schemes, employment creation, improved education, parental leave, maternal employment and child care arrangements; all of which are likely to reduce the appeal of violence. 103 38
NEW AG EN T S OF GLOB AL JIHAD Local militancy is closely linked to political organs such as the prosecession Hurriyat Council. These political organs depend on popular opinion, and are prepared to use influence to quell militant activity. This is what occurred during the December 2014 assembly elections. The most effective way to guarantee security and avoid increasing sympathy for the secessionist cause is sustainable economic and social development. There may be opportunities to engage the Hurriyat and address some of the more immediate grievances of its supporters. Pro-independence or secession sentiments will not be erased in the short-term, but, given the Hurriyat’s reliance on public support and its close links with UJC, it may be able to help maintain peace if the citizens of J&K are confident their quality of life will improve. The new Legislative Assembly government consists of the PDP and the BJP. The PDP are Kashmiri moderates, and their wish for “selfrule” in the philosophical sense can be accommodated under the terms stipulated in Article 370, and it could be used to guarantee J&K’s partial autonomy. We strongly encourage the BJP to quell the fear that they plan to rescind Article 370, a move which would infuriate Kashmiris and is likely to usher in a new wave of militancy. Pakistan administered Jammu and Kashmir In Pakistan-administered Kashmir, efforts must be taken to: a) Ensure electoral freedoms of the Kashmir Legislative Assembly. b) Ensure adequate representation in Northern Kashmir, where demands for a more formal inclusion into Pakistan, or secession, will lead to a greater degree of accountability over Kashmir’s affairs. The Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif recently pledged 11 billion Rupees for “mega projects” to develop Kashmir, including expressways between towns. Pains must be taken to ensure successful implementation and avoidance of corruption. 104 We encourage both the media and state institutions in Pakistan to refrain from endorsing terrorist groups in Kashmir as “freedom fighters” who push democratic values, or provide social welfare. In fact, whilst groups such as JuD/LeT do offer social services, they are prone to exaggerating their social contributions through propaganda with the help of various media institutions. 105 39
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