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Venkata Subbaiah K.P., et al. / International Journal of Advances in Pharmaceutical Research painful 8 . Despite of various studies that have been conducted on medicinal plants of Andhra Pradesh 9-15 , India. The studies on medicinal plants to treat disease are scanty. Hence the present study was under taken to document the traditional use of plant species to treat scabies, leucoderma, boils and cuts skin diseases. The Kurnool Districts is one of the oldest and richest cultural traditions of using medicinal plants, which is located (14 0 54 1 and 16 0 11 1 NL; and 76 0 58 1 and 78 0 25 0 EL]; with the total geographical area of 18,799 km 2 in Andhra Pradesh, India 16 . The study area is inhabited by the ethnic groups of Chenchu, Yerukala, Sugali (Lambadas) and Yanadi. The ethnic groups inhabited at the river bank of water streams in the forest posses fairly good knowledge about the medicinal properties of plants. Even though a number of reports are available on the ethnobotany of Kurnool District 17-25 , the detailed study on medicinal plants used to cure scabies, leucoderma, boils and cuts skin diseases is not reported so far. Therefore, an attempt has been made to record the medicinal plants used to treat scabies, leucoderma, boils and cuts skin disease from ethnic groups (traditional healers) and compared with Ayurvedic medicines which are available in the market. This study is most helpful of ethnobotanists, phytochemists and pharmacologists for validation and clinical studies, to explore the importance of left over medicinal plants which are only used by ethnic groups and not mentioned hitherto. MATERIALS AND METHODS An extensive field survey was carried out during 2010 to 2011 in the tribal belts and adjoining forest areas of Kurnool district to collect the information on medicinal plants used to treat scabies, leucoderma, boils and cuts skin diseases by ethnic groups Chenchu, Yerukala, Sugali and Yandi. The information was gathered on plants used to treat scabies, leucoderma, boils and cuts skin diseases mainly on plant part and time of collection from the field; preparation of medicine and type of administration of the drug. All plants mentioned by them to treat scabies, leucoderma, boils and cuts skin diseases were collected and identified with the help of the floristic treatises published by Gamble 26 ; Venkataraju and Pullaiah 27 . The information given by ethnic groups was cross checked with Ayurvedic physicians of Sri Venkateswara Ayurvedic Hospital, Tirupati, for authentication. Ayruvedic drugs are available in the market in various brands in which 8 plants mentioned by ethnic groups were included. Chi-square test was carried out to test the association of plant part used to scabies, leucoderma, boils and cuts skin diseases. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION From the study area documented plants claimed to have medicinal value for the treatment of scabies, leucoderma, boils and cuts skin diseases are presented in (Table-1). Scientific names of plants have been arranged alphabetically. The identified taxa are taxonomically analyzed and nomenclature is updated with the help of ICBN rules 28 . The plant species are followed by family name within the parentheses, vernacular name, plant part used, preparation of medicine, form of medicine and therapeutic action are provided. The information is obtained for 23 plant species which are belonging to 22 genera of 20 families. Among the plant parts of rhizome (4.76%) followed by tuber (4.67%), root (14.85%), leaves (28.57%), latex (4.76%), stem (4.67%), bark (9.52%), fruit (23.80%) and seed (4.67%) (Fig-1) are using in the preparation of medicine. Ayurvedic physicians of Sri Venkateswara Ayurvedic Hospital are prescribing the medicine to treat scabies, leucoderma, boils and cuts skin diseases by using ten different forms of drugs like Arista, Churna, Capsule, Lehya, Thailams, Savam, Yanakam, Pills, Syrup and Rasayana (Table-2). The total 21 plants species mentioned by ethnic groups to treat scabies, leucoderma, boils and cuts skin diseases 8 plants species are including in the preparation of 21 types of Ayurvedic drugs. These 21 types of Ayurvedic drugs in different trade names Dasamoolarista, Triphala churna, Himstantim-P-Tab, Palasugandha lehya, Neelithailam, Moolaka Savam, Hemipure, Madhusnuhirasayana etc. (Table-2) are releasing in the market by four Ayurvedic companies (manufactures) after clinical trails and getting approved from the Department Drug Control of India. However remaining thirteen plant species are purely used by ethnic groups only. The results reveled that there is a significant association between scabies, leucoderma, boils and cuts skin diseases and plant part (Table-3), (‘p’ value is 0.003
Venkata Subbaiah K.P., et al. / International Journal of Advances in Pharmaceutical Research medicine. Among 21 plants used by ethnic groups of Kurnool district for treating scabies, leucoderma, boils and cuts skin diseases only 8 plant species has been known to public, remaining 13 plant species should be explored for herbal preparation to cure for scabies, leucoderma, boils and cuts skin diseases skin diseases. Otherwise this traditional knowledge will slowly disappear due to lack of proper documentation and awareness. These plants represent a major source for the pharmaceutical industries in view of their raw material. Modern medical facilities are now making a rapid penetration into tribal villages, which may result in the disappearance of the herbal wealth. It is hoped the remaining 13 plants species that this study will draw the attention of ethnobotanists, phytochemists and pharmacologists for further critical investigations. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors are highly grateful to ethnic groups who shared their knowledge of plants for treating scabies, leucoderma, boils and cuts skin diseases and locating the plants in the field. Our thanks to Ayurvedic physicians Dr. B. Gnana Prasuna, Dr. B. Harinathachary, Dr. H. Datthathreya of Sri Venkateswara Ayurvedic Hospitals, Tirupati, for their valuable discussions and clinical information. S.NO Table No. 1 List of medicinal plants used to treat scabies, leucoderma, boils and cuts skin diseases in Kurnool District, Andhra Pradesh, India by Ethnic Groups SCIENTIFIC NAME AND FAMILY VERNACULAR NAME (TELUGU LANGUAGE) DISEASE PART USED MODE OF ADMINISTRATION 1. Alangium salvifolium (L.f.) Wang (Alangiaceae) 2. Andrographis echioides (L.) Less (Acanthaceae) 3. Andrographis nallamalayana Ellis. (Acanthaceae) 4. Anogeissus latifolia (Roxb. ex. DC) Wall. Ex Guill.&Perr.(Combretaceae) Ooduga Cuts Leaf Leaves along with egg albumin layer made into paste, bounded on cuts (only one time). Yeedipalu Cuts Leaf Fresh leaves crushed and made into paste, applied externally to cure cuts. Kachugadda Leucoderma Root 5 g of root (5 g) along with that of Anthroxanthum indicum L.(5g whole plant) ground, boiled with water decoction given orally (5 ml) for twice a day for 2 months to treat leucoderma. Chirumanu Scabies Bark Fresh stem bark crushed and made into juice mixed with coconut milk, given (50 ml) orally once a day an empty stomach before going to bed. This process is repeated 2 weeks to cure scabies. 5. Cadaba fruticosa L. (Capparidaceae) Vuttarasi chettu Leucoderma Leaf Fresh leaves ground into paste and applied as an external application on white spots on the skin to treat leucoderma. 6. Calotropis procera (Ait). R. Br.(Asclepiadaceae) 7. Cyanotis tuberosa (Roxb) Shult & Shult.f. (Commelinaceae) 8. Dioscorea bulbifera L. (Dioscoreaceae) Jilledu Scabies Latex Latex mixed with caster oil, slightly warned and applied as an external application to treat scabies. Yeggogula gaddalu Boils Root Root dried, ground into powder, mixed with coconut oil and applied externally to treat boils. Chedupattu dumpa Boils Tuber Dried tuber ground into powder (5g), mixed with buttermilk IJAPR / Feb. 2012/ Vol. 3 / Issue. 2 / 790 - 797 792
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