Living Standards Measurements Study - Serbia 2002 - 2007

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Table 5.10. Average number of months in which households did not pay bills, 2002, 2003 and 2007 2002 2003 2007 Telephone 1.3 1.3 1.6 Utilities 6.4 5.1 5.4 Electricity 5.5 6.3 5.5 Building maintenance 5.1 3.6 3.7 Gas 3.1 2.4 2.8 Graph 5.3. Average number of months with unpaid bills for maintenance of the residential dwelling, 2007 Gas Building maintenance Electricity 0 0 2.8 3.7 5.1 10.1 Table 5.11. Percentage of households with unpaid bills, 2002, 2003 and 2007 2002 2003 2007 Telephone 1.3 2.9 2.9 Utilities 8.0 9.0 9.3 Electricity 14.6 17.8 16.9 Building maintenance 0.6 0.5 0.3 Gas 0.7 1.2 1.0 If we look at the data from 2007 on the average amount of unpaid bills for the maintenance of the residential dwelling, it is evident that the amounts of the unpaid bills are much higher for the households above the poverty line compared to the households below that line (graph 4). Thus, even the average amount of the unpaid bill testifies of a much better housing situation concerning the households living above the poverty line. Graph 5.4. Average amount of unpaid bills for the maintenance of the residential dwelling (dinar), 2007 Utilities 5.2 9.5 Gas 0 8149 Telephone 1.6 2.8 Building maintenance 0 1121 Above the poverty line Below the poverty line Electricity 11723 14713 The percentages of households with unpaid bills in 2007 show insignificant variation compared to 2003. Utilities Telephone 997 2370 5234 8269 Above the poverty line Below the poverty line 66 Living Standards Measurements Study - Serbia 2002 - 2007
5.5. Conclusion 1. Most households live in houses, then apartments in residential buildings while only an insignificant number of households live in premises not intended for living. Ownership over residential dwellings is widespread in Serbia, only a little less than one tenth of the housing stock exists is rented. 2. Households living above the poverty line mainly live in residential dwellings built in the 1970s and 1980s while households below the poverty line mostly live in older dwellings, built in the period after World War 2 up to the beginning of 1970s. The standard of apartments of the poor households is far behind those of households living above the poverty line both in relation to additional rooms (bathroom, kitchen and toilet) and the existence of water and sewage systems. 3. Most households in rural settlements and poor households are heated by solid fuel while in urban settlements most households are heated by central heating. The use of solid fuels is largest in West and SE Serbia and least in Belgrade (where central heating is the most frequent type of heating). The economic gap between the poor and non-poor households is most clearly reflected in access to the more convenient heating systems. Households above the poverty line use central heating over six times more and gas almost three times more than poor households. Such large differences may be the result of the lack of infrastructure in rural areas, as well as the old and inadequate construction features of the housing stock occupied by poor households. However, since there is almost complete electricity coverage in Serbia the two times lower share of the poor in the use of this type of energy for heating gives a clear demonstration of the economic gap of households living above and below the poverty line. 4. In relation to durable goods, besides some of the goods a standard inventory of every household (oven, refrigerator) differences between poor and non-poor households are quite noticeable. This is especially evident with regard to the possession of appliances such a dishwasher, air conditioner, microwave oven, video recorder and personal computer. The average age of household appliances and cars is rather high and there are no significant differences between regions or type of settlement. It should be noted that no poor households own durable goods that are under one year old. 5. There is a higher proportion of total expenditure on electricity, telephone and utilities for households living below the poverty line, especially for the poorest households. 6. Several months of unpaid bills clearly show that some households are overburdened by basic housing expenditures. The fact that for every fifth household living below the poverty line electricity expenditure exceeds the 10 percent of its total expenditure points to the very low standard of living of these households Endnotes, Part 5 1 The data in this text can be found in Annex 1. 2 The owner or co-owner is the household member who owns the house/apartment or part of the house/apartment. 3 Households renting the whole apartment on average pay 9299 dinars rent per month. 4 Subtenant households above the poverty line on average pay 9217 dinars rent per month, while the average monthly amount for rent of subtenant households below the poverty line is 1950 dinars. 5 According to the LSMS 2007 every household owns an oven. 6 Price index I=∑Pn/Po*Wo/∑Wo, Pn is the average price during the current period, Po is the average price during the reference period, Wo is the value of quantities sold during the base reference period. 7 Expenditure for utilities includes water, garbage disposal and central heating. Housing conditions and possesion of durable goods 67
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Living Standards Measurement Study
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Publisher: Statistical Office of th
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The statistical system of Serbia ha
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Living Standards Measurements Study
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1. POVERTY PROFILE IN SERBIA IN THE
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Absolute and extreme poverty of Rom
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Table 1.4. Subjective evaluation of
Page 18 and 19: However, notwithstanding the highli
Page 20 and 21: Table 1.8. Poverty by regions in Se
Page 22 and 23: 1.9. Education and demographic feat
Page 24 and 25: Table 1.14. Poverty by household ty
Page 26 and 27: Table 1.16. Regression of consumpti
Page 28 and 29: 2. The total number of the poor hal
Page 31 and 32: Natasa Mijakovac Income and expendi
Page 33 and 34: Aggregate income does not contain r
Page 35 and 36: In the five-year period, the struct
Page 37 and 38: ’Х’ axis, except for the last
Page 39 and 40: Таble 2.6. Average monthly expend
Page 41 and 42: Graph 2.5. Cumulative overview of h
Page 43: 2.5. Conclusion 1. From 2002 - 2007
Page 46 and 47: 3. DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF T
Page 48 and 49: widows were aged over 60 and 17 per
Page 50 and 51: However, there is an increase in th
Page 52 and 53: 4. MIGRATION IN SERBIA Migration as
Page 54 and 55: Table 4.4. Migration by type of set
Page 56 and 57: Table 4.6. Migration characteristic
Page 58 and 59: Graph 4.3. Households by migratory
Page 60 and 61: 5. HOUSING CONDITIONS AND POSSESION
Page 62 and 63: Table 5.1. Indicators of housing co
Page 64 and 65: Table 5.2. Households by type of he
Page 66 and 67: Table 5.5. Proportion of monthly ex
Page 71 and 72: Mirosinka Dinkic Social welfare in
Page 73 and 74: municipality level. Again, municipa
Page 75 and 76: 6.1.4. Amounts of benefit received
Page 77 and 78: support from authorities to fill in
Page 79 and 80: It is noticeable that more PWDs age
Page 81 and 82: Graph 6.6. PWDs by education level
Page 83 and 84: 6.2.6. Health care of PWDs LSMS sho
Page 85 and 86: Jasmina Grozdanov Health 7 7.1. Int
Page 87 and 88: educe the negative trends in the he
Page 89 and 90: 7.5. Use of Health Care Services ac
Page 91 and 92: given significantly more by residen
Page 93 and 94: Table 7.1. Average expenditure on s
Page 95 and 96: Snezana Klasnja Education 8 Introdu
Page 97 and 98: study of mother tongue and elements
Page 99 and 100: Graph 8.1. School attendance, relat
Page 101 and 102: distributed geographically. Accordi
Page 103 and 104: 8.3. Primary education 8.3.1. Gener
Page 105 and 106: and only children from families wit
Page 107 and 108: The number of classes and teachers
Page 109 and 110: Participation of young people in va
Page 111 and 112: universities, pursuant to approved
Page 113 and 114: Table 8.1. shows the proportion of
Page 115: Endnotes, Part 8 1 All data refer t
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9. EMPLOYMENT STATUS Despite signif
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the past five years did not lead to
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Table 9.6. Employment and unemploym
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If the economic position of the emp
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possible to examine hidden unemploy
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Graph 9.7. Employment and unemploym
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job. While 26 percent of the popula
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Table 9.13. Respondents aged 15+ by
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Natalija Bogdanov Agriculture 10 10
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10.2. Rural poverty in Serbia Inter
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Box 4. Types of Individual Agricult
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Graph 10.2. Income of rural househo
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favourable compared to the non-agri
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The physical capital of agricultura
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Graph 10.12. Structure of farms by
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The greatest profit from animal liv
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Table 10.5. Features of agricultura
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7. Bogdanov N. (2007): «Small Rura
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11. WATER AND SANITATION SERVICES (
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Table 11.2. Water and sewerage char
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The improvements varied by both typ
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11.13. Contact with water suppliers
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162 Living Standards Measurements S
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12. METHODOLOGY 12.1. Fieldwork App
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12.2. Data production Data files ar
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p hij = overall probability of sele
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12.4.1. Comparing number of househo
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Table 12.6. New Estimates of Total
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ent paid by the tenants was used. I
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from the separate survey on regiona
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steps. First, the daily caloric val
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poverty in Serbia in 2007 were impr
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Annex А 183
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Annex Table 1.2. Household Sample S
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Annex Table 2.2. Monthly consumptio
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Annex Table 2.4. Monthly income per
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Annex Table 3.3. Household residenc
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Annex Table 3.5. Education level (p
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Annex Table 3.7. Reason why do not
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Annex Table 3.9. Individual economi
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Annex Table 3.12. Marital status of
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Annex Table 3.14. Economic status o
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Annex Table 3.16. Number of househo
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Annex Table 3.19. Households with o
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Annex Table 3.21. Households by num
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Annex Table 5.3. Average number of
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Annex Table 5.6. Households with in
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Annex Table 5.8. Average household
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Annex Table 5.10. Average household
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Annex Table 5.14. Household durable
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Annex Table 5.16. Household ownersh
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Annex Table 6.2. Average amount rec
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Annex Table 6.4. Reasons for non ap
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Annex Table 6.7. Reason did not app
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Annex Table 6.10. Reason did not ap
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Annex Table 7.1. Whether respondent
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Annex Table 7.9. Respondents use of
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Annex Table 7.12. Average frequency
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Table 7.14. Respondents insured in
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Annex Table 7.16. Respondents with
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Annex Table 8.2. Children from 3 to
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Table 8.6. Average number of hours
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Annex Table 8.12. Average amount sp
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Table 8.14. Children from 15 to 19
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Annex Table 8.17. Percentage of cit
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Annex Table 8.20. Average value of
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Annex Table 9.2. Population 15+ by
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Annex Table 9.5. Employed 15+ by Ac
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Annex Table 9.8. Employment by owne
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Annex Table 9.11. Average number of
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Annex Table 9.15. Average amount re
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Annex Table 10.2. Agricultural hous
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Annex Table 10.11. Households which
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Annex Table 10.13. Estimated value
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Annex Table 10.15. Average estimate
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Annex Table 10.18. Agricultural hou
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Living Standards Measurements Study - Serbia 2002 - 2007

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