Living Standards Measurements Study - Serbia 2002 - 2007

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Table 5.2. Households by type of heating used, 2002, 2003 and 2007 (percent) Type of heating Total Below the poverty line Above the poverty line 2002 2003 2007 2007 2007 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Central heating 15.6 16.6 21.8 3.8 23.0 Electricity 11.7 10.9 8.6 4.5 8.8 Hard fuel (wood, coal) 58.8 60.6 54.2 85.5 52.1 Gas 4.5 4.5 7.1 1.9 7.4 Liquid fuel 0.3 0.3 1.1 1.7 1.1 Other combinations 9.1 7.1 7.2 2.6 7.5 Graph 5.1. Households by type of heating used and poverty line in 2007 (percent) Central heating Electricity Hard fuels (wood, coal) Gas Liquid fuels Other combinations 3,8 4,5 8,8 1,9 7,4 1,7 1,1 2,6 7,5 23,0 Below the poverty line 52,1 85,5 Above the poverty line There were some changes over time and these are mostly reflected in the reduction of use of solid fuels and electricity while the use of central heating, gas and liquid fuels increased. Changes in the use of heating types mostly occurred in households living above the poverty line. According to the 2007 data the majority of poor households (around 86 percent) use solid fuels for heating (Graph 1). Belgrade is the region with the greatest share (44 percent) of households whose dwellings are heated by central heating (Table 3). Compared to 2002, the proportion of households heated in this way increased by around 16 percentage points which can be explained, among other things, by a large number of newly built residential dwellings using this system of heating. There is also an increase in the number of households using gas as their source of heating in 2007. There is a decrease in the number of Belgrade households using electricity and solid fuel for heating compared to 2002. Table 5.3. Households by type of heating used and regions, 2002 and 2007 (percent) Type of heating Belgrade Vojvodina West Serbia Sumadija East Serbia SE Serbia 2002 2007 2002 2007 2002 2007 2002 2007 2002 2007 2002 2007 Central heating 28.0 43.9 12.8 18.1 11.5 9.2 10.5 17.9 16.3 15.2 10.7 9.9 Electricity 34.5 19.7 5.7 3.3 1.1 5.5 6.4 6.4 3.9 8.6 7.9 5.6 Solid fuel 26.4 24.9 55.7 51.1 78.0 79.4 74.7 62.7 73.1 66.4 74.3 75.6 Gas 1.8 3.0 11.8 18.0 2.4 0.5 2.1 6.3 1.3 0.1 0.0 0.2 Liquid fuel 0.6 2.4 0.2 1.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.2 Other combinations 8.9 6.1 13.8 8.5 7.0 5.2 6.3 5.8 4.5 8.9 6.8 8.5 62 Living Standards Measurements Study - Serbia 2002 - 2007
Table 5.4. Households by type of heating used and type of settlement, 2002 and 2007 (percent) 2002 2007 Type of heating Type of settlement Type of settlement Urban Other Urban Other Central heating 26.4 0.5 36.2 0.3 Electricity 17.8 3.1 12.5 2.7 Solid fuel (wood, coal) 40.2 84.9 34.3 84.1 Gas 4.9 4.1 8.3 5.3 Liquid fuel 0.3 0.2 1.2 0.9 Other combinations 10.4 7.2 7.5 6.8 Vojvodina has the longest tradition in using gas for heating and the presence of this heating type is very dominant compared to other regions. According to 2007 data 18 percent of Vojvodina households used this type of heating, the same figure as households that use electricity for heating. If the households which use gas are ranked by region, in addition to Vojvodina, Sumadija (with 6.3 percent) and Belgrade (with 3.0 percent) stand out, while in the other regions of Serbia, the proportion of households using gas for heating is insignificant (below 1 percent). In relation to the use of solid fuel, far below the overall average (54.2 percent) is Belgrade (24.9 percent) and Vojvodina (51.1 percent). In third place is Sumadija (with 62.7 percent), followed by East Serbia (with 66.4 percent), SE Serbia (with 75.6 percent). West Serbia (with 79.4 percent) has the highest percentage of households using solid fuel for heating. If analysed by region, Belgrade (43.9 percent) stands out with the highest proportion of households with central heating, followed by: Vojvodina (18.1 percent), Sumadija (17.9 percent) and East Serbia (15.2 percent). The share of households in West and SE Serbia which use this form of heating is almost equal (9.2 percent and 9.9 percent). In relation to the use of electricity for heating, it can be seen that Belgrade is the region with the highest use (around 20 percent), followed by households in East Serbia (8.6 percent) and Sumadija (6.4 percent). The share of households in West and SE Serbia which use this form of heating is almost identical (5.5 percent and 5.6 percent). Vojvodina stands out as the region with the lowest proportion of households using electrical energy for heating (3.3 percent). Table 4 shows the differences in type of heating used in urban and other types of settlement (table 4). The majority (36.2 percent) of households in urban settlements are supplied by heating plants; 34.3 percent by solid fuel and 12.5 percent use electricity for heating. The share of the households that use gas was 8.3 percent. A further increase in the number of households using this type of heating is expected. Compared to 2002 there was an increase in all urban settlements in the number of households using central heating, gas and liquid fuels while, on the other hand, there was a decline in the share of households using electricity, solid fuel or a combined type of heating. Unlike urban settlements, 84.1 percent of households in other settlements are heated by solid fuel (wood and coal); 5.3 percent use gas for heating and 2.7 percent of the households are heated by electricity. The number of households with central heating using liquid fuels is insignificant. Slightly less than 7 percent of the households use different combinations of certain types of heating. Compared to 2002 households in other settlements did not considerably change their choice of heating type in 2007. 5.4. Housing expenditure Housing expenditure represents a significant share of the total household expenditure and relate to expenditures for electricity, telephone and utilities. LSMS 2007 shows (Table 5) that the average monthly expenditures for electricity, telephone and utilities account for 9 percent of total household expenditure (electricity 4.1 percent, telephone 1.8 percent and utilities 3.1 percent). Housing conditions and possesion of durable goods 63
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Living Standards Measurement Study
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Publisher: Statistical Office of th
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The statistical system of Serbia ha
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Living Standards Measurements Study
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1. POVERTY PROFILE IN SERBIA IN THE
Page 14 and 15: Absolute and extreme poverty of Rom
Page 16 and 17: Table 1.4. Subjective evaluation of
Page 18 and 19: However, notwithstanding the highli
Page 20 and 21: Table 1.8. Poverty by regions in Se
Page 22 and 23: 1.9. Education and demographic feat
Page 24 and 25: Table 1.14. Poverty by household ty
Page 26 and 27: Table 1.16. Regression of consumpti
Page 28 and 29: 2. The total number of the poor hal
Page 31 and 32: Natasa Mijakovac Income and expendi
Page 33 and 34: Aggregate income does not contain r
Page 35 and 36: In the five-year period, the struct
Page 37 and 38: ’Х’ axis, except for the last
Page 39 and 40: Таble 2.6. Average monthly expend
Page 41 and 42: Graph 2.5. Cumulative overview of h
Page 43: 2.5. Conclusion 1. From 2002 - 2007
Page 46 and 47: 3. DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF T
Page 48 and 49: widows were aged over 60 and 17 per
Page 50 and 51: However, there is an increase in th
Page 52 and 53: 4. MIGRATION IN SERBIA Migration as
Page 54 and 55: Table 4.4. Migration by type of set
Page 56 and 57: Table 4.6. Migration characteristic
Page 58 and 59: Graph 4.3. Households by migratory
Page 60 and 61: 5. HOUSING CONDITIONS AND POSSESION
Page 62 and 63: Table 5.1. Indicators of housing co
Page 66 and 67: Table 5.5. Proportion of monthly ex
Page 68 and 69: Table 5.10. Average number of month
Page 71 and 72: Mirosinka Dinkic Social welfare in
Page 73 and 74: municipality level. Again, municipa
Page 75 and 76: 6.1.4. Amounts of benefit received
Page 77 and 78: support from authorities to fill in
Page 79 and 80: It is noticeable that more PWDs age
Page 81 and 82: Graph 6.6. PWDs by education level
Page 83 and 84: 6.2.6. Health care of PWDs LSMS sho
Page 85 and 86: Jasmina Grozdanov Health 7 7.1. Int
Page 87 and 88: educe the negative trends in the he
Page 89 and 90: 7.5. Use of Health Care Services ac
Page 91 and 92: given significantly more by residen
Page 93 and 94: Table 7.1. Average expenditure on s
Page 95 and 96: Snezana Klasnja Education 8 Introdu
Page 97 and 98: study of mother tongue and elements
Page 99 and 100: Graph 8.1. School attendance, relat
Page 101 and 102: distributed geographically. Accordi
Page 103 and 104: 8.3. Primary education 8.3.1. Gener
Page 105 and 106: and only children from families wit
Page 107 and 108: The number of classes and teachers
Page 109 and 110: Participation of young people in va
Page 111 and 112: universities, pursuant to approved
Page 113 and 114: Table 8.1. shows the proportion of
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Endnotes, Part 8 1 All data refer t
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9. EMPLOYMENT STATUS Despite signif
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the past five years did not lead to
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Table 9.6. Employment and unemploym
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If the economic position of the emp
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possible to examine hidden unemploy
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Graph 9.7. Employment and unemploym
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job. While 26 percent of the popula
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Table 9.13. Respondents aged 15+ by
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Natalija Bogdanov Agriculture 10 10
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10.2. Rural poverty in Serbia Inter
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Box 4. Types of Individual Agricult
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Graph 10.2. Income of rural househo
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favourable compared to the non-agri
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The physical capital of agricultura
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Graph 10.12. Structure of farms by
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The greatest profit from animal liv
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Table 10.5. Features of agricultura
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7. Bogdanov N. (2007): «Small Rura
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11. WATER AND SANITATION SERVICES (
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Table 11.2. Water and sewerage char
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The improvements varied by both typ
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11.13. Contact with water suppliers
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162 Living Standards Measurements S
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12. METHODOLOGY 12.1. Fieldwork App
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12.2. Data production Data files ar
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p hij = overall probability of sele
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12.4.1. Comparing number of househo
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Table 12.6. New Estimates of Total
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ent paid by the tenants was used. I
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from the separate survey on regiona
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steps. First, the daily caloric val
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poverty in Serbia in 2007 were impr
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Annex А 183
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Annex Table 1.2. Household Sample S
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Annex Table 2.2. Monthly consumptio
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Annex Table 2.4. Monthly income per
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Annex Table 3.3. Household residenc
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Annex Table 3.5. Education level (p
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Annex Table 3.7. Reason why do not
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Annex Table 3.9. Individual economi
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Annex Table 3.12. Marital status of
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Annex Table 3.14. Economic status o
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Annex Table 3.16. Number of househo
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Annex Table 3.19. Households with o
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Annex Table 3.21. Households by num
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Annex Table 5.3. Average number of
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Annex Table 5.6. Households with in
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Annex Table 5.8. Average household
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Annex Table 5.10. Average household
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Annex Table 5.14. Household durable
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Annex Table 5.16. Household ownersh
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Annex Table 6.2. Average amount rec
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Annex Table 6.4. Reasons for non ap
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Annex Table 6.7. Reason did not app
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Annex Table 6.10. Reason did not ap
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Annex Table 7.1. Whether respondent
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Annex Table 7.9. Respondents use of
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Annex Table 7.12. Average frequency
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Table 7.14. Respondents insured in
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Annex Table 7.16. Respondents with
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Annex Table 8.2. Children from 3 to
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Table 8.6. Average number of hours
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Annex Table 8.12. Average amount sp
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Table 8.14. Children from 15 to 19
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Annex Table 8.17. Percentage of cit
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Annex Table 8.20. Average value of
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Annex Table 9.2. Population 15+ by
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Annex Table 9.5. Employed 15+ by Ac
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Annex Table 9.8. Employment by owne
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Annex Table 9.11. Average number of
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Annex Table 9.15. Average amount re
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Annex Table 10.2. Agricultural hous
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Annex Table 10.11. Households which
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Annex Table 10.13. Estimated value
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Annex Table 10.15. Average estimate
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Annex Table 10.18. Agricultural hou
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Living Standards Measurements Study - Serbia 2002 - 2007

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