Living Standards Measurements Study - Serbia 2002 - 2007

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Table 5.1. Indicators of housing conditions and durable goods by type of settlement and poverty line, 2007 Total Type of settlement Poverty line Urban Other Below Above 5 557 2 960 2 597 5 152 405 percent Premises not intended for living 0.5 0.4 0.6 1.8 0.4 House/apartment built before 1944 9.3 8.4 10.7 14.7 9.0 Ownership Owner of the house/ apartment 90.4 88.2 93.6 92.9 90.2 Living space average Average number of rooms per member 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.2 Average surface area per member (in m 2 ) 30.3 29.3 31.9 22.4 30.9 Possession of basic infrastructure percent Electricity 99.8 99.9 99.6 97.3 99.9 Running water 95.2 99.4 88.8 71.2 96.7 Sewers 92.2 98.2 83.2 58.4 94.4 Telephone 85.3 93.3 73.4 51.5 87.5 Possession of rooms percent Separate kitchen 85.6 90.3 78.6 57.7 87.5 Bathroom inside the apartment 90.5 97.3 80.3 54.3 92.8 Toilet inside the apartment 87.9 94.2 78.5 51.1 90.3 Type of heating percent Central heating 21.8 36.2 0.3 3.8 23.0 Electricity 8.6 12.5 2.7 4.5 8.8 Solid fuel 54.2 34.3 84.1 85.5 52.1 Gas 7.1 8.3 5.3 1.9 7.4 Durable goods supply percent Stove 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Washing machine 86.1 93.0 75.8 48.0 88.6 Air conditioner 15.3 22.8 4.0 1.7 16.2 Dishwasher 8.4 12.0 2.9 0.0 8.9 Microwave oven 15.1 18.5 10.0 0.8 16.0 Refrigerator 76.0 69.0 86.4 76.3 75.9 Freezer 74.8 67.8 85.2 61.8 75.6 Vacuum cleaner 86.2 93.5 75.4 47.4 88.8 TV 96.9 98.3 94.8 85.5 97.6 Video recorder 25.2 28.6 20.0 2.9 26.6 Video camera 4.4 6.2 1.8 0.5 4.7 Stereo, CD 36.4 42.8 26.7 9.0 38.2 Computer 34.9 45.3 19.4 5.1 36.9 Automobile 48.9 51.2 45.5 13.6 51.2 60 Living Standards Measurements Study - Serbia 2002 - 2007
5.2. Possession of durable goods The data on durable goods in the household confirm an oven 5 and refrigerator, as essential appliances. These are equally present in all households regardless of them being below or above the poverty line. Significant distinctions between the households above and below the poverty line can be observed with regard to possession of devices such air conditioning, dishwasher, microwave oven, satellite dish, video recorder, video camera and personal computer. It is interesting to note that households in rural areas use refrigerators (86.4 percent) and freezers (85.2 percent) more than urban households. However, urban households use combined refrigerators and freezers two and a half times more since they are forced to use their space in a more rational manner. There are no significant differences in the average age of durable goods according to the type of settlement or region. However, generally speaking, the household appliances are rather old. For example, the average age of refrigerators and freezers is around 17 years, ovens around 15 years, vacuum cleaner and iron 10 years and television around 9 years. Apart from these appliances that are common to every household, there are more recent appliances in household possession: air conditioners, DVD players and personal computers that have an average age of between 3 and 4 years. Concerning cars (owned by every other household in urban settlements and every other household above poverty line) it can be said that their average age is rather high (around 15 years). Belgrade households are among the best equipped in the country regarding durable goods, especially personal computers (52.5 percent of these households own a personal computer). The highest number of households buying new appliances (less than one year old) is in Belgrade. Also households in the richest consumption quintile have more new goods. However, except for the most essential appliances (oven, refrigerator and freezer, washing machine and vacuum cleaner) most appliances are unaffordable to the poor. For example, not a single poor household owns a dishwasher; only 0.8 percent of the households own a microwave oven; 0.5 percent of the households own a video camera. The situation is better with in relation to cars where 13.6 percent of poor households own a car but it is still far from the situation of non-poor households (51.2 percent own a car). Personal computers are found in non-poor households more than seven times more often than in poor households but the difference regarding the possession of a TV is not so prominent (85.5 percent of poor households compared to 97.6 percent of the non-poor). Such a high percentage of the poor households with television sets indicates that not only is it easier to obtain, unlike some more expensive appliances, but this appliance is literally “a window to the world” for the poor and it is a cost-free opportunity to learn about the cultural, sports and other events in the country and in the world. It is these drastic differences regarding the possession of durable goods between poor and nonpoor households that outline the discriminatory sharpness of the absolute poverty line. Within that context, it should be noted that poor households do not own durable goods that are less than one year old (dishwasher, combined refrigerator, video recorder, video camera, car or van). However, some of these households allocated did by washing machines (2.7 percent), vacuum cleaners (2.7 percent), irons (3.0 percent), TV sets (4.7 percent) and DVD players (2.5 percent). 5.3. Types of heating used More than half (54.2 percent) of households in Serbia use solid fuels i.e. wood and coal as the main source of heating (Table 2). Every fifth household is supplied by central heating (21.8 percent); 8.6 percent of the households use electricity, 7.1 percent gas, while the share of households using liquid fuels is around 1 percent. A combination of different types of heating is used by 7.2 percent of the households which is more or less the same level as in 2003. Housing conditions and possesion of durable goods 61
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Living Standards Measurement Study
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Publisher: Statistical Office of th
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The statistical system of Serbia ha
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Living Standards Measurements Study
Page 12 and 13: 1. POVERTY PROFILE IN SERBIA IN THE
Page 14 and 15: Absolute and extreme poverty of Rom
Page 16 and 17: Table 1.4. Subjective evaluation of
Page 18 and 19: However, notwithstanding the highli
Page 20 and 21: Table 1.8. Poverty by regions in Se
Page 22 and 23: 1.9. Education and demographic feat
Page 24 and 25: Table 1.14. Poverty by household ty
Page 26 and 27: Table 1.16. Regression of consumpti
Page 28 and 29: 2. The total number of the poor hal
Page 31 and 32: Natasa Mijakovac Income and expendi
Page 33 and 34: Aggregate income does not contain r
Page 35 and 36: In the five-year period, the struct
Page 37 and 38: ’Х’ axis, except for the last
Page 39 and 40: Таble 2.6. Average monthly expend
Page 41 and 42: Graph 2.5. Cumulative overview of h
Page 43: 2.5. Conclusion 1. From 2002 - 2007
Page 46 and 47: 3. DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF T
Page 48 and 49: widows were aged over 60 and 17 per
Page 50 and 51: However, there is an increase in th
Page 52 and 53: 4. MIGRATION IN SERBIA Migration as
Page 54 and 55: Table 4.4. Migration by type of set
Page 56 and 57: Table 4.6. Migration characteristic
Page 58 and 59: Graph 4.3. Households by migratory
Page 60 and 61: 5. HOUSING CONDITIONS AND POSSESION
Page 64 and 65: Table 5.2. Households by type of he
Page 66 and 67: Table 5.5. Proportion of monthly ex
Page 68 and 69: Table 5.10. Average number of month
Page 71 and 72: Mirosinka Dinkic Social welfare in
Page 73 and 74: municipality level. Again, municipa
Page 75 and 76: 6.1.4. Amounts of benefit received
Page 77 and 78: support from authorities to fill in
Page 79 and 80: It is noticeable that more PWDs age
Page 81 and 82: Graph 6.6. PWDs by education level
Page 83 and 84: 6.2.6. Health care of PWDs LSMS sho
Page 85 and 86: Jasmina Grozdanov Health 7 7.1. Int
Page 87 and 88: educe the negative trends in the he
Page 89 and 90: 7.5. Use of Health Care Services ac
Page 91 and 92: given significantly more by residen
Page 93 and 94: Table 7.1. Average expenditure on s
Page 95 and 96: Snezana Klasnja Education 8 Introdu
Page 97 and 98: study of mother tongue and elements
Page 99 and 100: Graph 8.1. School attendance, relat
Page 101 and 102: distributed geographically. Accordi
Page 103 and 104: 8.3. Primary education 8.3.1. Gener
Page 105 and 106: and only children from families wit
Page 107 and 108: The number of classes and teachers
Page 109 and 110: Participation of young people in va
Page 111 and 112: universities, pursuant to approved
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Table 8.1. shows the proportion of
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Endnotes, Part 8 1 All data refer t
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9. EMPLOYMENT STATUS Despite signif
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the past five years did not lead to
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Table 9.6. Employment and unemploym
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If the economic position of the emp
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possible to examine hidden unemploy
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Graph 9.7. Employment and unemploym
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job. While 26 percent of the popula
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Table 9.13. Respondents aged 15+ by
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Natalija Bogdanov Agriculture 10 10
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10.2. Rural poverty in Serbia Inter
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Box 4. Types of Individual Agricult
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Graph 10.2. Income of rural househo
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favourable compared to the non-agri
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The physical capital of agricultura
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Graph 10.12. Structure of farms by
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The greatest profit from animal liv
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Table 10.5. Features of agricultura
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7. Bogdanov N. (2007): «Small Rura
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11. WATER AND SANITATION SERVICES (
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Table 11.2. Water and sewerage char
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The improvements varied by both typ
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11.13. Contact with water suppliers
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162 Living Standards Measurements S
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12. METHODOLOGY 12.1. Fieldwork App
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12.2. Data production Data files ar
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p hij = overall probability of sele
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12.4.1. Comparing number of househo
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Table 12.6. New Estimates of Total
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ent paid by the tenants was used. I
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from the separate survey on regiona
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steps. First, the daily caloric val
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poverty in Serbia in 2007 were impr
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Annex А 183
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Annex Table 1.2. Household Sample S
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Annex Table 2.2. Monthly consumptio
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Annex Table 2.4. Monthly income per
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Annex Table 3.3. Household residenc
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Annex Table 3.5. Education level (p
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Annex Table 3.7. Reason why do not
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Annex Table 3.9. Individual economi
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Annex Table 3.12. Marital status of
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Annex Table 3.14. Economic status o
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Annex Table 3.16. Number of househo
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Annex Table 3.19. Households with o
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Annex Table 3.21. Households by num
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Annex Table 5.3. Average number of
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Annex Table 5.6. Households with in
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Annex Table 5.8. Average household
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Annex Table 5.10. Average household
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Annex Table 5.14. Household durable
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Annex Table 5.16. Household ownersh
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Annex Table 6.2. Average amount rec
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Annex Table 6.4. Reasons for non ap
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Annex Table 6.7. Reason did not app
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Annex Table 6.10. Reason did not ap
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Annex Table 7.1. Whether respondent
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Annex Table 7.9. Respondents use of
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Annex Table 7.12. Average frequency
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Table 7.14. Respondents insured in
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Annex Table 7.16. Respondents with
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Annex Table 8.2. Children from 3 to
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Table 8.6. Average number of hours
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Annex Table 8.12. Average amount sp
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Table 8.14. Children from 15 to 19
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Annex Table 8.17. Percentage of cit
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Annex Table 8.20. Average value of
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Annex Table 9.2. Population 15+ by
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Annex Table 9.5. Employed 15+ by Ac
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Annex Table 9.8. Employment by owne
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Annex Table 9.11. Average number of
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Annex Table 9.15. Average amount re
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Annex Table 10.2. Agricultural hous
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Annex Table 10.11. Households which
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Annex Table 10.13. Estimated value
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Annex Table 10.15. Average estimate
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Annex Table 10.18. Agricultural hou
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Living Standards Measurements Study - Serbia 2002 - 2007

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