Living Standards Measurements Study - Serbia 2002 - 2007

7. Bogdanov N. (2007): «Small Rural Households
in Serbia and Rural Non-Farm Economy”,
Belgrade: UNDP Serbia, ISBN 978-86-7728-
046-8
8. Chirca C., Tesliuc E. (eds) (1999): “From Rural
Poverty to Rural Development”, World Bank
and National Commission for Statistic, Romania;
9. Davis J. R., Bezemer D. (2004): “The
Development of the Rural Non-Farm Economy
in Developing Countries and Transition
Economies: Key Emerging and Conceptual
Issues”, Natural Resources Institute, Chatham,
UK;
10. Davis J.R., Gaburici A. (1999): “The
economic activity of private farms in
Romania during transition”, Europe-Asia
Studies, 51 (5) pg. 843–869;
11. Ersado L: “Rural Vulnerability in Serbia”,
Human Development Network Europe and
Central Asia Region The World Bank, Key
Emerging and Conceptual Issues;
12. IFAD (2002): Assessment of Rural Poverty –
Central and Eastern Europe and The Newly
Independent States, Rome, ISBN 92-9072-025-5;
13. REC (2007): Serbian Transitional Agriculture
Reform - (STAR) Project Social Assessment
Study, SER-STAR-CQ-CS-06-003
Endnotes, Part 10
1 "Jugožni" model of the European agriculture is characterized
by small farms, usually owned by the elderly. Without
additional income or highly-specialized production, these
farms are not capable of ensuring sufficient income to their
members.
2 For more information on this issue -
http://www.ruralpovertyportal.org/english/regions/europe/inde
x.htm
3 Bogdanov N. (2006) The definition of small rural households
applied in this research corresponds to a great extent to the
characteristics of households living below the poverty line.
4 The share of income from the non-agricultural economy of the
total income of agricultural households is difficult to estimate
due to the unwillingness of the rural population to provide
data on their income. According to some estimates, at midtransition
period households in Central and Eastern European
countries achieved 30-50 percent of the income from nonagricultural
activities (Davis, J. R., Gaburici, A., 1999).
According to LSMS 2007, data for Serbia are (with
methodological notes stated at the beginning of this report
regarding the definition of agricultural households)
compatible with the above estimation for other countries in
transition.
5
Surveys indicate that daily wages (as well as social
allowances), as a main income source, are more common in
female-headed households. Available data on such families
are limited, but it is estimated that those are socially
vulnerable households. Services regarding agricultural
machinery, equipment lease and day labour, as an income
source is more common in Vojvodina than in other regions.
The reason of greater percentage of households with daily
wages as a main income source is labour force deficit in
season peaks in these areas, and due to the labour-intensive
production there is a need to recruit additional labour. Femaleheaded
households or households headed by young people
are more involved in the sale of processed and finished
products (cookies, pasta, meat products, winter food
provisions, etc. ).
6 It should be stressed that this relates to analysis of agricultural
households not related to classification of farms by activities
of their members. This indicator should be interpreted more
carefully. A criterion for selection of farms is the economic
structure of members, which, de facto, includes also urban
households with farms.
7 The comprehensive study is Functioning and reproduction of
family farms in Serbia, Agriculture University of Belgrade,
Zemun, 1987.
Agriculture
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