Living Standards Measurements Study - Serbia 2002 - 2007

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Graph 10.16. What would help your household to live better? Nonagricultural employment Access to credit lines Market organization (sale, Information access Business association Training, education, courses Other Don't know and refused 2.2% 4.6% 16.8% 12.9% 12.5% 40.3% 57.4% 10.4. Changes of main social and economic indicators of agricultural households 2002-2007 65.9% From 2002 - 2007 strategies relating to agricultural incentives changed several times. The most important elements of the agrarian reform in Serbia since 2000 have been as follows: market liberalization, privatization of food-processing industry, the beginning of the formation of new institutional forms at all levels. Land reprivatization, unlike other countries in transition, did not have significant consequences on the agrarian structure considering high share of private farms in the total agricultural resources even before transition. However, many years of overlapping jurisdiction from republic and federal institutions has slowed down significant changes in the sector operations. The majority of jurisdictions relating to the agricultural sector were not transferred to the Government of the Republic of Serbia until early 2003. Strategic and program commitments of the reform governments have been changed (partly) due to objective changes in the overall macroeconomic environment. Therefore, there is still lack of clearly defined development strategy and mechanisms for implementation. Therefore efficiency, as well as overall results of the sector, is below the expected and achievable level. Generally speaking, in past five years agrarian policy reform in Serbia has undertaken the following directions (Božić D., Bogdanov N. 2006): • Funds from the agrarian budget have been increased while their share in the total budget has remained at almost the same level; • Implementation mechanisms have been redirected from income support to investment incentives; • A key system change regards the implementation of state support, in that only registered farmers are allowed to receive it since 2004; • Significant diversification of supporting measures to agriculture and rural areas is performed. Changes in the organizational and economic characteristics of the agricultural households in past five years indicate the following (Table 5): 1. The number of agricultural farms is decreasing, followed by their polarization by size. 2. The average size of agricultural land possessed by farms is reduced to 4.34 hectares (by 6 percent compared to 2002), but the land used per farm has grown to almost 5 hectares. These figures indicate relatively dynamic land market compared to the 2002 situation. 3. The number of farms that own livestock is reduced, but the average number of head per farm has grown. 4. The quantity of machinery and equipment has grown, partly owing to support from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management aimed at purchasing agricultural machinery and partly to a more developed financial capital market. 5. The share of food expenses of agricultural households in relation to total expenses has dropped as well as own production food consumption, which are measures of the better standard of living compared to five years ago. 6. The number of farms with income from the sale of agricultural products is dropping, indicating household income specialization and their polarization according to income sources within the agricultural and off-farm activities. 148 Living Standards Measurements Study - Serbia 2002 - 2007
Table 10.5. Features of agricultural households in Serbia 2002 2007 Total Poverty line 2007 Quintiles of consumption 2007 Index 2007/ 2002 Below Above The poorest 2 3 4 The richest Percent of agricultural households Cultivable land owned 91.6 97.2 106.0 97.5 97.2 98.0 98.3 96.6 96 96.6 Rented out 9.2 6.0 65.0 7.5 5.9 6.4 4.5 6.3 7.3 5.6 Rented 6.7 11.7 175.0 4.2 12.3 6.9 10.6 15.4 13 15.1 Average land size (acres) (Average for households that own land) Total owned, 460 434 94 326 442 377 418 457 490 452 Out of that cultivable 301 336 112 248 342 256 324 352 376 402 Rented out 220 299 136 219 305 236 362 350 273 313 Rented 377 513 136 228 520 194 265 438 659 853 Agricultural land, acres 329 493 150 330 506 391 443 515 582 596 Percent agricultural households Dairy cow 39.1 30.3 77.0 35.8 29.8 35.1 36.3 33.7 24.0 15.7 Pig 66.5 60.2 91.0 56.1 60.5 61.8 67.0 64.1 58.0 44.8 Chicken 78.6 66.2 84.0 72.3 65.8 72.8 72.8 66.5 62.0 50.8 Average number of herd (Average for households that own them) Dairy cow 1.9 2.1 111.0 1.7 2.2 1.8 2.1 2.1 2.3 3.2 Pig 4.3 6.1 142.0 3.0 6.3 4.4 5.4 6.1 7.2 9.5 Sheep 7.2 9.3 129.0 8.9 9.3 9.0 8.7 8.3 9.6 12.9 Chicken 20.3 24.6 121.0 14.4 25.6 16.4 20.5 25.0 35.0 36.9 Percent family farms possessing machinery Motor cultivator 24.7 27.3 111.0 20.2 27.9 22.7 29.1 29.3 29.0 27.1 Small tractor 25.7 25.3 98.0 12.9 26.3 20.4 27.7 27.7 28.0 22.9 Large tractor 17.9 21.9 122.0 9.1 23.0 13.1 22.4 24.8 28.0 24.2 Combine harvester 2.1 3.0 143.0 0.0 3.3 1.1 3.2 3.3 3.9 4.3 Other machines 30.8 31.5 102.0 12.8 33.1 21.7 29.3 35.4 40.0 34.9 Consumption percent consumption on food, total 49.0 37.0 76.0 51.6 36.6 46.1 41.5 38.1 36.8 30.3 percent subsistence consumption in food 45.0 36.8 82.0 51.2 36.3 46.7 41.3 36.8 33.9 29.9 consumption Marketability percent farms selling plant products 39.0 35.7 91.5 28.9 36.2 31.0 34.5 37.4 41.7 35.2 percent farms selling livestock and 59.6 44.3 74.2 41.6 44.5 46.3 47.9 48.4 42.5 32.1 livestock products Human resources percent members with elementary and lower education 59.0 51.7 88.0 78.6 49.8 69.5 56.2 51.2 39.7 32.1 attainment percent member 60+ 29.0 26.9 93.0 47.0 25.5 37.8 28.9 24.7 20.6 17.5 percent family farms engaging labour force 20.0 15.3 77.0 7.0 16.0 9.4 11.9 15.1 20.0 25.6 Agriculture 149
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Living Standards Measurement Study
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Publisher: Statistical Office of th
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The statistical system of Serbia ha
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Living Standards Measurements Study
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1. POVERTY PROFILE IN SERBIA IN THE
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Absolute and extreme poverty of Rom
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Table 1.4. Subjective evaluation of
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However, notwithstanding the highli
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Table 1.8. Poverty by regions in Se
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1.9. Education and demographic feat
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Table 1.14. Poverty by household ty
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Table 1.16. Regression of consumpti
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2. The total number of the poor hal
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Natasa Mijakovac Income and expendi
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Aggregate income does not contain r
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In the five-year period, the struct
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’Х’ axis, except for the last
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Таble 2.6. Average monthly expend
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Graph 2.5. Cumulative overview of h
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2.5. Conclusion 1. From 2002 - 2007
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3. DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF T
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widows were aged over 60 and 17 per
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However, there is an increase in th
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4. MIGRATION IN SERBIA Migration as
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Table 4.4. Migration by type of set
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Table 4.6. Migration characteristic
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Graph 4.3. Households by migratory
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5. HOUSING CONDITIONS AND POSSESION
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Table 5.1. Indicators of housing co
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Table 5.2. Households by type of he
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Table 5.5. Proportion of monthly ex
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Table 5.10. Average number of month
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Mirosinka Dinkic Social welfare in
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municipality level. Again, municipa
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6.1.4. Amounts of benefit received
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support from authorities to fill in
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It is noticeable that more PWDs age
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Graph 6.6. PWDs by education level
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6.2.6. Health care of PWDs LSMS sho
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Jasmina Grozdanov Health 7 7.1. Int
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educe the negative trends in the he
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7.5. Use of Health Care Services ac
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given significantly more by residen
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Table 7.1. Average expenditure on s
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Snezana Klasnja Education 8 Introdu
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study of mother tongue and elements
Page 99 and 100: Graph 8.1. School attendance, relat
Page 101 and 102: distributed geographically. Accordi
Page 103 and 104: 8.3. Primary education 8.3.1. Gener
Page 105 and 106: and only children from families wit
Page 107 and 108: The number of classes and teachers
Page 109 and 110: Participation of young people in va
Page 111 and 112: universities, pursuant to approved
Page 113 and 114: Table 8.1. shows the proportion of
Page 115: Endnotes, Part 8 1 All data refer t
Page 118 and 119: 9. EMPLOYMENT STATUS Despite signif
Page 120 and 121: the past five years did not lead to
Page 122 and 123: Table 9.6. Employment and unemploym
Page 124 and 125: If the economic position of the emp
Page 126 and 127: possible to examine hidden unemploy
Page 128 and 129: Graph 9.7. Employment and unemploym
Page 130 and 131: job. While 26 percent of the popula
Page 132 and 133: Table 9.13. Respondents aged 15+ by
Page 135 and 136: Natalija Bogdanov Agriculture 10 10
Page 137 and 138: 10.2. Rural poverty in Serbia Inter
Page 139 and 140: Box 4. Types of Individual Agricult
Page 141 and 142: Graph 10.2. Income of rural househo
Page 143 and 144: favourable compared to the non-agri
Page 145 and 146: The physical capital of agricultura
Page 147 and 148: Graph 10.12. Structure of farms by
Page 149: The greatest profit from animal liv
Page 153: 7. Bogdanov N. (2007): «Small Rura
Page 156 and 157: 11. WATER AND SANITATION SERVICES (
Page 158 and 159: Table 11.2. Water and sewerage char
Page 160 and 161: The improvements varied by both typ
Page 162 and 163: 11.13. Contact with water suppliers
Page 164 and 165: 162 Living Standards Measurements S
Page 166 and 167: 12. METHODOLOGY 12.1. Fieldwork App
Page 168 and 169: 12.2. Data production Data files ar
Page 170 and 171: p hij = overall probability of sele
Page 172 and 173: 12.4.1. Comparing number of househo
Page 174 and 175: Table 12.6. New Estimates of Total
Page 176 and 177: ent paid by the tenants was used. I
Page 178 and 179: from the separate survey on regiona
Page 180 and 181: steps. First, the daily caloric val
Page 182 and 183: poverty in Serbia in 2007 were impr
Page 185 and 186: Annex А 183
Page 187 and 188: Annex Table 1.2. Household Sample S
Page 189 and 190: Annex Table 2.2. Monthly consumptio
Page 191 and 192: Annex Table 2.4. Monthly income per
Page 193 and 194: Annex Table 3.3. Household residenc
Page 195 and 196: Annex Table 3.5. Education level (p
Page 197 and 198: Annex Table 3.7. Reason why do not
Page 199 and 200: Annex Table 3.9. Individual economi
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Annex Table 3.12. Marital status of
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Annex Table 3.14. Economic status o
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Annex Table 3.16. Number of househo
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Annex Table 3.19. Households with o
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Annex Table 3.21. Households by num
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Annex Table 5.3. Average number of
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Annex Table 5.6. Households with in
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Annex Table 5.8. Average household
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Annex Table 5.10. Average household
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Annex Table 5.14. Household durable
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Annex Table 5.16. Household ownersh
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Annex Table 6.2. Average amount rec
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Annex Table 6.4. Reasons for non ap
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Annex Table 6.7. Reason did not app
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Annex Table 6.10. Reason did not ap
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Annex Table 7.1. Whether respondent
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Annex Table 7.9. Respondents use of
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Annex Table 7.12. Average frequency
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Table 7.14. Respondents insured in
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Annex Table 7.16. Respondents with
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Annex Table 8.2. Children from 3 to
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Table 8.6. Average number of hours
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Annex Table 8.12. Average amount sp
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Table 8.14. Children from 15 to 19
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Annex Table 8.17. Percentage of cit
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Annex Table 8.20. Average value of
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Annex Table 9.2. Population 15+ by
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Annex Table 9.5. Employed 15+ by Ac
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Annex Table 9.8. Employment by owne
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Annex Table 9.11. Average number of
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Annex Table 9.15. Average amount re
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Annex Table 10.2. Agricultural hous
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Annex Table 10.11. Households which
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Annex Table 10.13. Estimated value
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Annex Table 10.15. Average estimate
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Annex Table 10.18. Agricultural hou
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Living Standards Measurements Study - Serbia 2002 - 2007

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