Living Standards Measurements Study - Serbia 2002 - 2007

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significantly lower (Table 2). Stated data indicate that the relevancy of the agricultural activities for the rural population in Vojvodina is smaller compared to Central Serbia (excluding the territory of Belgrade as unrepresentative for the purpose of this analysis). Rural areas for the Vojvodina population have primarily a residential role, and not (primarily) a role in terms of income generation. 2. Insufficient diversification of the rural economy is caused by the high share of agriculture in the rural employment structure (Graph 1). Although the share of agriculture in the labour force employment structure broken down by sectors has reduced by approximately 5 percent in past five years, against an increase in the share of industrial and tertiary sectors, employment in the agricultural sector is still extremely high. Such a high level of the rural population employed in agriculture classifies Serbia as one of the most agrarian European countries. In addition to agriculture, the rural labour force is recruited in the processing industry (15.6 percent), wholesale and retail sale (10 percent) and civil engineering (6.3 percent). The underdeveloped public services and service sector in rural areas generates a limited number of jobs. Graph 10.1. Rural labour employment by sector 5.4 3.4 23 25.8 19.2 52.4 23.8 47.0 2002 2007 Other Services Industry Agriculture 3. Despite high employment in agriculture, low productivity and the unfavourable economic position of agriculture cause income generated in this sector to have little impact on the rural population living standards, but income from salaries have crucial importance for consumption growth. Analysis of rural population income by deciles of consumption indicates a positive correlation between salary growth and consumption (Graph 2). Income from salaries is the most important for all groups of rural households ranging from 18.5 percent for the poorest households to 42 percent for the 7 th to 9 th deciles. For more vulnerable categories of rural households income from pensions has greater relative importance. After the third decile, there is growth of importance of salaries and reduction in share of pensions in the rural population income structure, confirming that elderly households are the most vulnerable rural households. Income from agriculture is the less relevant for the most vulnerable households (7.9 percent), while its importance grows in the following deciles (2 nd to 7th), and the importance remains relatively unchanged (9.5-11 percent). Relevancy of agriculture income increases only for 10 percent of the wealthiest rural households, whose income from salaries, remittances from abroad and from agriculture in absolute values are several times higher compared to the lowest decile. Insufficient competitiveness of agricultural income is illustrated also by the fact that the employed in the agricultural sector accounts for almost a half of (47 percent) the employed below the poverty line as well the small percentage (8.5 percent) of farmers that are in the richest quintile (Graph 3). The data shows that in circumstances of underdeveloped rural economy, agriculture has a high impact on the rural vulnerability. Studies analyzing samples of rural households with poor 3 potential2F show that these households have a negative perception of their current position and feel very vulnerable (Graph 4). On the other hand, their optimism increases in relation to the mid-term prospective (Graph 5). 138 Living Standards Measurements Study - Serbia 2002 - 2007
Graph 10.2. Income of rural households by deciles of consumption 2.0 2.1 1.4 1.3 1.4 0.9 1.1 2.1 0.6 16.6 16.5 14.8 14.9 13.7 11.4 11.5 18.8 25.9 10.8 11.9 12.5 12.6 13.7 14.4 17.7 9.9 4.5 9.7 21.5 6.7 20.2 25.8 20.5 22.6 20.6 17.4 18.9 15.4 9.9 10.4 18.5 28.2 28.9 35.6 36.8 38.5 42.4 41.3 42.3 38.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Income from employment Pensions (old-age, survivor's, disability and other pensions) Income from agriculture Income in kind Other income Graph 10.3. Employment sector structure, by quintiles of consumption 6 5 5 5 5 6 6 19 45 24 33 41 48 Other 28 28 62 Services 30 28 29 28 Industry 47 23 43 32 26 18 24 9 Agriculture Below Above The poorest 2 3 4 The richest Agriculture 139
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Living Standards Measurement Study
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Publisher: Statistical Office of th
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The statistical system of Serbia ha
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Living Standards Measurements Study
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1. POVERTY PROFILE IN SERBIA IN THE
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Absolute and extreme poverty of Rom
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Table 1.4. Subjective evaluation of
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However, notwithstanding the highli
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Table 1.8. Poverty by regions in Se
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1.9. Education and demographic feat
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Table 1.14. Poverty by household ty
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Table 1.16. Regression of consumpti
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2. The total number of the poor hal
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Natasa Mijakovac Income and expendi
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Aggregate income does not contain r
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In the five-year period, the struct
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’Х’ axis, except for the last
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Таble 2.6. Average monthly expend
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Graph 2.5. Cumulative overview of h
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2.5. Conclusion 1. From 2002 - 2007
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3. DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF T
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widows were aged over 60 and 17 per
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However, there is an increase in th
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4. MIGRATION IN SERBIA Migration as
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Table 4.4. Migration by type of set
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Table 4.6. Migration characteristic
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Graph 4.3. Households by migratory
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5. HOUSING CONDITIONS AND POSSESION
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Table 5.1. Indicators of housing co
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Table 5.2. Households by type of he
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Table 5.5. Proportion of monthly ex
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Table 5.10. Average number of month
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Mirosinka Dinkic Social welfare in
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municipality level. Again, municipa
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6.1.4. Amounts of benefit received
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support from authorities to fill in
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It is noticeable that more PWDs age
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Graph 6.6. PWDs by education level
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6.2.6. Health care of PWDs LSMS sho
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Jasmina Grozdanov Health 7 7.1. Int
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educe the negative trends in the he
Page 89 and 90: 7.5. Use of Health Care Services ac
Page 91 and 92: given significantly more by residen
Page 93 and 94: Table 7.1. Average expenditure on s
Page 95 and 96: Snezana Klasnja Education 8 Introdu
Page 97 and 98: study of mother tongue and elements
Page 99 and 100: Graph 8.1. School attendance, relat
Page 101 and 102: distributed geographically. Accordi
Page 103 and 104: 8.3. Primary education 8.3.1. Gener
Page 105 and 106: and only children from families wit
Page 107 and 108: The number of classes and teachers
Page 109 and 110: Participation of young people in va
Page 111 and 112: universities, pursuant to approved
Page 113 and 114: Table 8.1. shows the proportion of
Page 115: Endnotes, Part 8 1 All data refer t
Page 118 and 119: 9. EMPLOYMENT STATUS Despite signif
Page 120 and 121: the past five years did not lead to
Page 122 and 123: Table 9.6. Employment and unemploym
Page 124 and 125: If the economic position of the emp
Page 126 and 127: possible to examine hidden unemploy
Page 128 and 129: Graph 9.7. Employment and unemploym
Page 130 and 131: job. While 26 percent of the popula
Page 132 and 133: Table 9.13. Respondents aged 15+ by
Page 135 and 136: Natalija Bogdanov Agriculture 10 10
Page 137 and 138: 10.2. Rural poverty in Serbia Inter
Page 139: Box 4. Types of Individual Agricult
Page 143 and 144: favourable compared to the non-agri
Page 145 and 146: The physical capital of agricultura
Page 147 and 148: Graph 10.12. Structure of farms by
Page 149 and 150: The greatest profit from animal liv
Page 151 and 152: Table 10.5. Features of agricultura
Page 153: 7. Bogdanov N. (2007): «Small Rura
Page 156 and 157: 11. WATER AND SANITATION SERVICES (
Page 158 and 159: Table 11.2. Water and sewerage char
Page 160 and 161: The improvements varied by both typ
Page 162 and 163: 11.13. Contact with water suppliers
Page 164 and 165: 162 Living Standards Measurements S
Page 166 and 167: 12. METHODOLOGY 12.1. Fieldwork App
Page 168 and 169: 12.2. Data production Data files ar
Page 170 and 171: p hij = overall probability of sele
Page 172 and 173: 12.4.1. Comparing number of househo
Page 174 and 175: Table 12.6. New Estimates of Total
Page 176 and 177: ent paid by the tenants was used. I
Page 178 and 179: from the separate survey on regiona
Page 180 and 181: steps. First, the daily caloric val
Page 182 and 183: poverty in Serbia in 2007 were impr
Page 185 and 186: Annex А 183
Page 187 and 188: Annex Table 1.2. Household Sample S
Page 189 and 190: Annex Table 2.2. Monthly consumptio
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Annex Table 2.4. Monthly income per
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Annex Table 3.3. Household residenc
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Annex Table 3.5. Education level (p
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Annex Table 3.7. Reason why do not
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Annex Table 3.9. Individual economi
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Annex Table 3.12. Marital status of
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Annex Table 3.14. Economic status o
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Annex Table 3.16. Number of househo
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Annex Table 3.19. Households with o
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Annex Table 3.21. Households by num
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Annex Table 5.3. Average number of
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Annex Table 5.6. Households with in
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Annex Table 5.8. Average household
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Annex Table 5.10. Average household
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Annex Table 5.14. Household durable
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Annex Table 5.16. Household ownersh
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Annex Table 6.2. Average amount rec
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Annex Table 6.4. Reasons for non ap
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Annex Table 6.7. Reason did not app
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Annex Table 6.10. Reason did not ap
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Annex Table 7.1. Whether respondent
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Annex Table 7.9. Respondents use of
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Annex Table 7.12. Average frequency
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Table 7.14. Respondents insured in
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Annex Table 7.16. Respondents with
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Annex Table 8.2. Children from 3 to
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Table 8.6. Average number of hours
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Annex Table 8.12. Average amount sp
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Table 8.14. Children from 15 to 19
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Annex Table 8.17. Percentage of cit
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Annex Table 8.20. Average value of
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Annex Table 9.2. Population 15+ by
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Annex Table 9.5. Employed 15+ by Ac
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Annex Table 9.8. Employment by owne
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Annex Table 9.11. Average number of
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Annex Table 9.15. Average amount re
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Annex Table 10.2. Agricultural hous
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Annex Table 10.11. Households which
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Annex Table 10.13. Estimated value
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Annex Table 10.15. Average estimate
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Annex Table 10.18. Agricultural hou
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Living Standards Measurements Study - Serbia 2002 - 2007

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