é»ç£æ³¢ Maxwellã®æ¹ç¨å¼
é»ç£æ³¢ Maxwellã®æ¹ç¨å¼
é»ç£æ³¢ Maxwellã®æ¹ç¨å¼
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Maxwell<br />
<br />
∂B<br />
∇× E =− ∂ t<br />
∂D<br />
∇× H = J + ∂ t<br />
∇ ⋅ D = ρ<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
∇ ⋅ B =0<br />
<br />
2004/10/29 GPR 1<br />
2004/10/29 GPR 2<br />
<br />
<br />
∂B<br />
∇× E =− ∂ t<br />
∂D<br />
∇× H = J + ∂ t<br />
2004/10/29 GPR 3<br />
2004/10/29 GPR 4<br />
<br />
<br />
∇⋅ D = ρ<br />
∇ ⋅ B =0<br />
2004/10/29 GPR 5<br />
2004/10/29 GPR 6
D = ε E<br />
B= µ H<br />
−12<br />
ε = ε 0<br />
= 8.85×<br />
10 (F/m)<br />
µ µ π<br />
−7<br />
=<br />
0<br />
= 4 × 10 (H/m)<br />
<br />
ε = εε<br />
r<br />
r<br />
0<br />
µ = µµ ≅ µ<br />
0 0<br />
<br />
J<br />
= σΕ<br />
<br />
2004/10/29 GPR 7<br />
2004/10/29 GPR 8<br />
Maxwell<br />
∂B<br />
rotE =− ∂ t<br />
∂D<br />
rotH<br />
= J + ∂ t<br />
divD = ρ<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
D = ε E<br />
B= µ H<br />
−12<br />
ε = ε 0<br />
= 8.85×<br />
10 (F/m)<br />
µ µ π<br />
−7<br />
=<br />
0<br />
= 4 × 10 (H/m)<br />
<br />
ε = εε<br />
r<br />
r<br />
0<br />
µ = µµ ≅ µ<br />
0 0<br />
div B = 0<br />
<br />
J<br />
= σΕ<br />
<br />
2004/10/29 GPR 9<br />
2004/10/29 GPR 10<br />
<br />
Maxwell<br />
<br />
<br />
rot =−µ ∂ H<br />
E<br />
0<br />
∂t<br />
= ε ∂ E<br />
H<br />
rot<br />
0<br />
div E = 0<br />
div H = 0<br />
∂t<br />
<br />
E,H<br />
<br />
<br />
rot<br />
=−µ ∂ H<br />
∂t<br />
rot(<br />
rotE) =−µ ∂ rotH<br />
∂t<br />
E<br />
0<br />
0<br />
E<br />
rot<br />
rot ( rotE) = grad divE− E =−E<br />
2<br />
µ ∂ 0<br />
rot µ ∂ 0<br />
( ε ∂ E<br />
0<br />
) µ<br />
0ε<br />
∂ E<br />
− H= − =−<br />
0 2<br />
∂t ∂t ∂t ∂t<br />
µε ∂ E<br />
− =<br />
∂t<br />
2<br />
0 0<br />
0<br />
2<br />
<br />
2004/10/29 GPR 11<br />
2004/10/29 GPR 12
2<br />
µε ∂ E<br />
∆E<br />
− =<br />
∂t<br />
0 0 2<br />
0<br />
<br />
∂ E ∂ E ∂ E ∂ E<br />
∂x ∂y ∂z ∂t<br />
2<br />
µε ∂ H<br />
∆H<br />
− =<br />
∂t<br />
2 2 2 2<br />
x + x + x − µε<br />
x<br />
2 2 2 0 0<br />
= 0<br />
2<br />
∂ E ∂ E ∂ E ∂ E<br />
2 2 2 2<br />
+ + − µε<br />
0 0<br />
=<br />
y y y y<br />
2 2 2 2<br />
0<br />
∂x ∂y ∂z ∂t<br />
∂ E ∂ E ∂ E ∂ E<br />
∂x ∂y ∂z ∂t<br />
2 2 2 2<br />
z + z + z − µε<br />
z<br />
2 2 2 0 0<br />
= 0<br />
2<br />
0 0 2<br />
0<br />
2004/10/29 GPR 13<br />
<br />
<br />
(1) : z<br />
(2) : x-y<br />
.<br />
∂ E ∂ E<br />
∂z<br />
∂t<br />
2 2<br />
∂ Ey<br />
∂ Ey<br />
− µε<br />
0 0<br />
=<br />
∂z<br />
∂t<br />
2 2<br />
x<br />
x<br />
− µε<br />
2 0 0<br />
= 0<br />
2<br />
∂ E<br />
∂z<br />
2 2<br />
0<br />
∂ E<br />
∂t<br />
2 2<br />
z<br />
z<br />
− µε<br />
2 0 0<br />
= 0<br />
2<br />
2004/10/29 GPR 14<br />
Maxwell<br />
i i i<br />
x y z<br />
∂<br />
rotE<br />
= 0 0 =−i<br />
∂z<br />
Ex<br />
0 Ez<br />
∂H<br />
∂H<br />
y<br />
=− µ<br />
0<br />
=−i<br />
yµ<br />
0<br />
∂t<br />
∂t<br />
y<br />
∂Ex<br />
∂z<br />
ix iy iz<br />
<br />
2 2<br />
∂ E<br />
∂ ∂H<br />
x<br />
∂ Ex<br />
y<br />
rotH<br />
= 0 0 =−i<br />
− µε<br />
0 0<br />
= 0<br />
2 2<br />
x<br />
∂z<br />
∂z<br />
∂z<br />
∂t<br />
0 H<br />
y<br />
0<br />
<br />
∂E ∂E<br />
<br />
x<br />
= ε0 = i<br />
xε0<br />
∂t<br />
∂t<br />
x<br />
2004/10/29 GPR 15<br />
∂ E ∂ E<br />
∂z<br />
∂t<br />
2 2<br />
∂ Ey<br />
∂ Ey<br />
− µε<br />
0 0<br />
=<br />
∂z<br />
∂t<br />
2 2<br />
− = 0<br />
2 2<br />
x<br />
x<br />
µε<br />
0 0<br />
∂ E<br />
∂z<br />
2 2<br />
0<br />
∂ E<br />
∂t<br />
2 2<br />
z<br />
z<br />
− µε<br />
2 0 0<br />
= 0<br />
2<br />
Maxwell<br />
2004/10/29 GPR 16<br />
<br />
2<br />
ω<br />
2<br />
1 ∂ uxyzt ( , , , )<br />
∆ uxyzt ( , , , ) =<br />
∆ U( x) =− U( x)<br />
2 2<br />
2<br />
v ∂t<br />
v<br />
1 U( x)<br />
= e λx<br />
2<br />
2 ω<br />
λ =−<br />
2 2<br />
∂ uxt ( , ) 1 ∂ uxt ( , )<br />
=<br />
2 2 2<br />
∂x v ∂t<br />
+ −<br />
uxt ( , ) = u( x− vt) + u( x+<br />
vt)<br />
2<br />
v<br />
ω<br />
k =± jλ<br />
=±<br />
v<br />
U( x)<br />
= U e + U e<br />
− jkx + jkx<br />
1 2<br />
<br />
2004/10/29 GPR 17<br />
2004/10/29 GPR 18
E = f ( z− ct) + f ( z+<br />
ct)<br />
x<br />
1 2<br />
1<br />
H<br />
y<br />
= { f1( z−ct) − f2( z+<br />
ct)<br />
}<br />
η0<br />
1<br />
8<br />
c= = 3×<br />
10 ( m/ s)<br />
<br />
µε<br />
η<br />
∂ E<br />
∂z<br />
2 2<br />
x<br />
x<br />
− µε<br />
2 0 0<br />
= 0<br />
2<br />
µ<br />
0 0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
= ≅ ≅<br />
ε0<br />
∂ E<br />
∂t<br />
376.6 120π<br />
<br />
<br />
2004/10/29 GPR 19<br />
<br />
E = f ( z− ct) + f ( z+<br />
ct)<br />
x<br />
1 2<br />
z− ct = constant<br />
z=constant + c<br />
∂ z = c<br />
∂t<br />
2004/10/29 GPR 20<br />
Ex<br />
= f1( z − ct) + f2( z + ct)<br />
<br />
1<br />
H<br />
y<br />
= { f1( z−ct) − f2( z+<br />
ct)<br />
}<br />
η<br />
0<br />
<br />
η<br />
µ<br />
0<br />
0<br />
= ≅ ≅<br />
ε0<br />
376.6 120π<br />
− jkz + jkz jωt<br />
{( 1 2 ) }<br />
E (,) zt = Re Ae + Ae e<br />
x<br />
= A cos( ωt− kz) + A cos( ωt+<br />
kz)<br />
1 2<br />
ωt− kz = aconstant<br />
2004/10/29 GPR 21<br />
2004/10/29 GPR 22<br />
9.2<br />
E e k<br />
(1)<br />
( x, t) = E0<br />
cos( ⋅x−ωt)<br />
k ⋅x<br />
−ωt<br />
<br />
<br />
α<br />
<br />
k⋅ r= α + ωt<br />
r cosθ<br />
θ<br />
r<br />
k<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
2004/10/29 GPR 23<br />
<br />
t = t 1<br />
k⋅ r = α + ωt (2.42)<br />
1<br />
r<br />
k<br />
<br />
2004/10/29 <br />
GPR 24
E e k<br />
(1)<br />
( x, t) = E0<br />
cos( ⋅x−ωt)<br />
divEr<br />
(,) t = 0 <br />
∂E<br />
∂E<br />
x y ∂Ez<br />
divEr<br />
(,) t = ( + + )<br />
∂x ∂y ∂z<br />
(1) (1) (1)<br />
= ( ex kx + ey ky + ez kz) E0<br />
cos( k⋅r−ωt)<br />
(1)<br />
=−( e ⋅k)sin( k⋅r− ωt) = 0<br />
e<br />
(1)<br />
⋅ k =0<br />
2004/10/29 GPR 25<br />
divBrt e k k r t<br />
(2)<br />
(,) = −( ⋅ )sin( ⋅ − ω ) = 0<br />
(1) (2)<br />
e ⋅ k = e ⋅ k =0<br />
∂B<br />
rotE =− ∂ t<br />
H e = k×<br />
e<br />
0<br />
<br />
E<br />
η<br />
(2) (1) 0<br />
2004/10/29 GPR 26<br />
0<br />
<br />
<br />
Electromagnetic Compatibility<br />
<br />
(EMC)<br />
(1) (2)<br />
e ⋅ k = e ⋅ k =0<br />
H e = k×<br />
e<br />
0<br />
E<br />
η<br />
(2) (1) 0<br />
0<br />
x<br />
<br />
e (1)<br />
<br />
y<br />
k<br />
e ( 2)<br />
z<br />
2004/10/29 GPR 27<br />
2004/10/29 GPR 28<br />
<br />
<br />
3.5.1<br />
<br />
2004/10/29 GPR 29