Lakes and Watercourses

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Prygiel, J., Whitton, B.A. & Bukowska, J. (Eds.) (1999): Use of algae for monitoring rivers III. Proc. Internat. Symp. Douai, France, 29 September – 1 October 1997. Agence de l’Eau Artois-Picardie, Douai. Whitton, B.A. & Rott, E. (Eds.) (1996): Use of algae for monitoring rivers II. Proc. Internat. Symp. Innsbruck, Austria, 17 – 19 September 1995. Institut für Botanik, Univ. Innsbruck. 65
Benthic fauna Introduction Benthic fauna is an important element in the biological diversity of lakes and watercourses. These organisms are also an important food resource for fish and play an important part in breaking down organic matter. Methods of classifying and assessing lakes and watercourses based on benthic fauna are in general use. The model criteria given here cover a selection of parameters for various types of habitat and various quality aspects. Diversity (here calculated as Shannon-Wiener’s diversity index) is high if there are many species and several of them are dominant, and low if there are few species, one or more being very dominant. The ASPT index is a ”clean water index”, mainly indicating the presence of sensitive groups (high values) or tolerant ones (low values). The impact on fauna of eutrophication and organic pollutants is assessed using the Danish fauna index (watercourses and the littoral zone of lakes), the BQI index and the O/C index (profundal zone in lakes). The Danish fauna index is used to ascertain whether animals belonging to various key groups with varying tolerance are present in the samples. Depending on the groups occurring, samples are classified according to a scale from high (sensitive species) to low values (tolerant species). The BQI index is a quality index based on chironomid species. High values indicate that species preferring clean water and well-oxygenated water dominate; low values indicate the presence of tolerant species. The O/C index expresses the relationship between the number of oligochaete worms and chironomid midge larvae and is a further measure of oxygen conditions and the degree of organic load on lake beds. A high index (ratio) shows a predominance of oligochaete worms, ie, relatively low oxygen levels and/or high organic load. Finally, acidification is reflected by the acidity index, which is based on the occurrence of species possessing differing degrees of pH tolerance. High values indicate predominantly species sensitive to acidification. The methods of calculating the various indices are shown in Appendix 2. 66
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Environmental Quality Criteria - La
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TO ORDER Swedish Environmental Prot
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Reference Group Mats Bengtsson, Swe
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Summary This report on lakes and wa
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included. In addition to a large nu
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ased estimates are used. Given that
Page 15 and 16: TABLE 1. SUMMARY of parameters incl
Page 17 and 18: 16 The current conditions scale in
Page 19 and 20: (in Swedish with English summary).
Page 21 and 22: conditions for watercourse flora an
Page 23 and 24: show the availability of nitrogen i
Page 25 and 26: Mean concentration of total phospho
Page 27 and 28: TABLE 9. DEVIATION from reference v
Page 29 and 30: Comments Classifications must be ba
Page 31 and 32: winter/spring, i.e. ice-covered per
Page 33 and 34: Light conditions Introduction Light
Page 35 and 36: TABLE 13. CURRENT CONDITIONS: turbi
Page 37 and 38: Acidity / acidification Introductio
Page 39 and 40: industrial pH). The change in acidi
Page 41 and 42: The pre-industrial concentration of
Page 43 and 44: very high degree of reliability and
Page 45 and 46: TABLE 19. CURRENT CONDITIONS: metal
Page 47 and 48: TABLE 22. DEVIATION from reference
Page 49 and 50: TABLE 24. (continued) Cu Zn Cd Pb C
Page 51 and 52: Swedish EPA (1993): Metals and the
Page 53 and 54: Assessment of current conditions TA
Page 55 and 56: TABLE 29. CURRENT CONDITIONS: poten
Page 59 and 60: References Cronberg, G., Lindmark,
Page 61 and 62: (see Appendix 1). If submerged and
Page 63 and 64: References Andersson, B. (1998): Va
Page 65: The genera in question and their tr
Page 69 and 70: TABLE 41. CURRENT CONDITIONS: botto
Page 71 and 72: Comments The assessment must be bas
Page 73 and 74: has yielded better results than did
Page 75 and 76: TABLE 45. CURRENT CONDITIONS: fish,
Page 81 and 82: TABLE 48. (Contd.) Proportion of al
Page 84 and 85: Presentation of data When using the
Page 86 and 87: APPENDIX 1 Ceratophyllum demersum 1
Page 88 and 89: APPENDIX 2 Calculation of index and
Page 90 and 91: APPENDIX 2 Table 1b. Indicator gene
Page 92 and 93: Genus Indicator value -------------
Page 94 and 95: APPENDIX 2 45 Planorbis sp. 46 Anis
Page 96 and 97: APPENDIX 2 214 Leuctra hippopus 215
Page 98 and 99: APPENDIX 2 384 Tinodes waeneri 385
Page 100 and 101: APPENDIX 2 (6) O/C index (Wiederhol
Page 102 and 103: APPENDIX 3 Dace Stäm Leuciscus leu
Page 106: REPORT 5050 Environmental Quality C
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