Rumbling on performativity_Frits Simon

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has to respond to questions regarding a generalizable perspective on research, or an anti-foundational and thus relativistic perspective on research. In the discussion about relevance and external and internal validity of radically reflexive research I will argue for a reconstructive (Wagner, 1999) social realistic (Lewis and Smith, 1980) perspective; a position in between of a realistic and anti-foundational orientation (see 2.3). Thereafter I will take up the debate around the soundness of the auto-ethnographic research (see2.4) and later on the endorsed importance of ethical considerations within auto-ethnography (see 2.5). A complex responsive process-approach is drawn in these considerations about soundness and ethics. 2.3 Framing relevance, external and internal validity of research from an auto-ethnographic and a complex responsive process perspective Up till now I made three different claims regarding relevance and external and internal validity. First I claimed that in my research I came to understand that ontology and epistemology are not to be distinguished, with far reaching consequences for the way you are able to take responsibility for your research. Secondly and in line with the first claim I claimed that a complex responsive process-approach departs from a reconstructive and social realistic perspective, a perspective on reality somewhere between realism/positivism and postmodernism/anti-foundationalism. Thirdly I doubted if reflexive research is as easily to compare with other research-approaches as done by Verschuren (2009), although as may be seen Verschuren develops a comparative set of criteria for different approaches of research, including what he calls a reflective approach. Verschuren’s comparison will help to clarify my claims. Practice based research making use of N or n Verschuren’s basic notion is that for practice-based research criteria for relevance, and external and internal validity must be approached in almost the same way as compared with the most common, theory-driven research. However, practice-based research is research which aims at solving a specific problem in a specific situation and as such also has to fulfil different criteria if to be of value. Within practice-based research Verschuren differs between research in which large group of persons (N) become involved (e.g. to develop governmental policy) and in which a small group of persons (n) becomes involved (e.g. research to reorganize a department). Insider and reflective research belong to n-research. According to Verschuren theory-driven research is the kind of research which is done mostly at universities and has been too long the sole standard for all research. Practice-based research demands other criteria and accents if to be worthwhile. 44
I have reproduced Verschuren’s (2009: 48) overview to give a general impression how his comparison works out. Double plus means that a criterion is very strongly demanded for, one plus means strongly, plus minus means to some extent and minus means not or barely demanded for. Up till now the demands from ‘outside science’ I indicated by relevance, the demands from ‘within science’ I indicated by external and internal relevance. Later on I will discuss other criteria. I added the last column to explain Verschuren’s criteria with a short entry. Table 1: Verschuren’s comparison of demands for research Demands from Theory Practice-based Explanation driven N- n- type type Within 1 internal validity ++ ++ ++ exactness, credibility science 2 external validity ++ + +- generalizability 3 controllability ++ ++ ++ transparent data collection 4 cumulativity ++ +- +- contribution to knowledge Outside science Object 5 6 7 8 9 changeability new phenomenon (group)process interrelatedness small target group +- +- +- - - + + + +- - ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ present amount of change amount new developments influence of processes connections among people amount of involved people Outside 10 understandability - +- ++ related to target group science 11 acceptation / - +- ++ related to target group Needs legitimacy 12 research as - - ++ related to purpose research learning process Outside science 13 14 holism multidisciplarinity - - +- + ++ ++ cohesive insight cohesive insight Knowledge 15 manipulability - + ++ on behalf of interventions From Verschuren’s perspective it is easy to understand that criteria 8 up till 15 are relatively important for both N/n-types of research. This types of research are aiming at solving a problem, implying that the research has to have consequences for the behaviour of persons. Within N-type research rather indirectly, within n-type research quite directly as it concerns people nearby the researcher. Theory-driven research is positioned as rather optional regarding practical consequences, as if there are only conceptual consequences. Therefore according to Verschuren for theory-driven research the demands have less to do with what happens among people, or what hap- 2. Research from a complex responsive process-approach | 45
Page 1: Rumbling on perfor
Page 4 and 5: ISBN 978 909028 855 / NUR code 801
Page 6 and 7: Promotores Prof. dr. T.H. Homan, Op
Page 8 and 9: Preface When you are working on a P
Page 10 and 11: 4 Sense making in and of the intern
Page 12 and 13: 10 1
Page 14 and 15: As the reader will notice it has no
Page 16 and 17: agreements are connected to conditi
Page 18 and 19: that in my job now, I have to manag
Page 20 and 21: Insider research can be seen as phe
Page 22 and 23: In a formal way a narrative is to d
Page 24 and 25: within the UAS. This search was fue
Page 26 and 27: 24 2
Page 28 and 29: This chapter is a methodological ch
Page 30 and 31: interactions and their constructive
Page 32 and 33: process of the constitution of nati
Page 34 and 35: varying from social constructionism
Page 36 and 37: To contribute to emancipatory trans
Page 38 and 39: organizational life is trying to un
Page 40 and 41: Ontologically reflexive research is
Page 42 and 43: Auto-ethnography Auto-ethnography i
Page 44 and 45: In its diversity auto-ethnography a
Page 48 and 49: pens with the results of the resear
Page 50 and 51: From a radically reflexive stance i
Page 52 and 53: alternate set of criteria could tur
Page 54 and 55: dimensions should be ordinary eleme
Page 56 and 57: one's own job security. Here again
Page 58 and 59: 2 Consult your institutional review
Page 60 and 61: facts (for instance what did someon
Page 62 and 63: The criteria will apply to the narr
Page 64 and 65: This chapter is a prelude on four c
Page 66 and 67: 64 3
Page 68 and 69: The narrative which is presented in
Page 70 and 71: As a logical consequence of my para
Page 72 and 73: 3.3 Defaults-genesis part II: a you
Page 74 and 75: y connecting concepts of the cognit
Page 76 and 77: This sandwich position became tangi
Page 78 and 79: connected with an engineering profe
Page 80 and 81: However, I realize that the broad s
Page 82 and 83: the realization of the UAS as a lea
Page 84 and 85: just to proceed the way they always
Page 86 and 87: Pursuing my research? On a conceptu
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Page 90 and 91: This narrative is about what happen
Page 92 and 93: evaluation reports, that they can u
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focussing at the outcome and specul
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4.3 Emerging themes of reflection T
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Varying ways of pushing through a d
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Thus one of the results of our deli
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Reflecting upon what the work Elias
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interpretation contagion underlines
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From a political perspective framin
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whether a conclusion would be reali
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Self-knowing At the end “all know
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mental with generic implications an
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Looking back on my rather cognitivi
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116 5
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In 2012 as any UAS the UAS had to d
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with our management information sys
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control, someone deludes you to thi
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discussions as the deadline came ne
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start for me in the midst of Februa
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usyness and glamour of the ambition
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Theories of change have built up ma
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5.4 Reflections from a complex resp
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ences are more important than other
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should be the motto for spontaneous
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they still may be dealing with the
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possibility of involving a lot of p
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ight way this time. These strategy
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144 6
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In recent years journalists reporte
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actual situation. A discussion whic
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you act and its implications. I exp
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Acknowledging that we mostly talk a
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A next meeting will be planned to r
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Table 2: Different discourses regar
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ecome ‘glass cages’ (Gabriel (2
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However, as mentioned before, the q
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esilient. Amongst others they sugge
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it is common sense that we are huma
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gen, 1999) Mead exemplifies that ou
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ject, partly because I had set out
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less detailed planning or putting f
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172 7
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A title at the front page of a thes
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Before returning to them I recapitu
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led a discussion about an internali
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First encounter with the joker In p
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panoptical psychological pressure,
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address to when things go not as be
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A recent example of rumbling on per
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ons. As a subject as such performat
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Apparently an ironic or mocking sta
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dissent to develop opportunities to
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Analysis, reflexivity, researcher
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general sense my research was autho
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in the chapter 6 this already happe
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3 councils for teachers / lecturers
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7.8 Concluding remarks: a reconstru
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204 References
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Ankersmit, F. (2008). De plaag van
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Commissie onderzoek financiële pro
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Friedman, T. L. (2006). The world i
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Kaplan, R. S., & Norton, D. P. (200
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Mingers, J. (1992). Technical, prac
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Science Guide. (2012b). Prestatiebe
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Tedlock, B. (2013). Section three i
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Wit, B. d. (2013). Spiegelpaleis on
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Nederlandse samenvatting 222
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Radicaal reflexief onderzoek: theor
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Met de onderscheiden theoretische o
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Ook de vraag naar de aard en inhoud
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entiteit is, maar dat de diverse be
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232 Summary
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perspective it comes down to the pr
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ger always kept a bit of an ambival
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king became visible, a way of decis
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240
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