Vol. 51â1997 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society

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84 NEW TE HNIQUE TO COMPARE EFFICACY OF MECHANICAL CULTIVATORS D.L. Benoit', J. Recasens" and D. Cloutier' ABSTRACT We d communities vary floristically and quantitatively both between and within experime tal sites rendering the comparison and interpretation of efficacy between mechani I cultivators difficult. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensitivit of a new indicator species technique in estimating seedling control following cultivation with different mechanical cultivators and to compare this techniqu to the quadrat evaluation of in situ weed communities. The indicator species t chnique used two species representing monocots and dicots (mustard and ryegrass sown perpendicular to crop rows in plots where mechanical weeders were to be te ted. This technique created known densities of indicator species at the desired henological stage in all experimental plots. The weed community was evaluate using six permanent quadrats of 25 cm by 1 m, three of which were placed on the r and three in between the rows. The study was conducted on two sites, one on 0 ganic soil and the other on a gravelly sandy loam. A split plot design with four repli tions was used. The main plots were the mechanical cultivators and the subplots were the evaluation methods. The cultivators compared were a RABEW RKtine harrow, a BEZZERIDESspring hoe, a BUDDINGHwheel hoe, a YETI RTM rotary hoe and a conventional rotary cultivator. Counts of weed seedling and indicator species were collected before cultivation and five to seven days aft r cultivation. The indicator species technique identified the wheel hoe as the mos effective under hard crusted soil condition at reducing low ryegrass populati n when seedlings were at the 2 leaf stage. All other cultivators failed to achieve ignificant seedling reduction under those conditions. In dry organic soil, the spri g hoe and rotary cultivator reduced significantly both high and low populati ns of both monocots and dicots but with the spring hoe displacing a greater number of seedlings. The tine harrow was not effective at reducing seedling populati ns. In loose soil, no significant difference in seedling survival were noted followin cultivation between the two techniques regardless of the mechanical cultivato used. However under hard crusted soil, quadrats estimated a significantly greater lant survival following cultivation than the indicator species technique. This was attri uted to the more advanced growth stage of weeds. Quadrats allowed the locatizat on of the area where the cultivator was effective at destroying seedlings ie: on the r w or between the row, while the indicator species technique allowed for effective unbiased comparison between mechanical cultivators with different mode of action u der uniform and reproducible conditions and identified their individual faults ie: stirn lation of a second germination or displacement and transplantation of seedlin . 1 Weed ientist, Horticultural research and development centre, 430 Gouin blvd., Saint-Jeansur-Rich lieu, Quebec Canada 13B 3E6 2 Prof, ept. Hortofructicultura, Botanioa i Jardinera, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
85 CORRELA ION OF LABORATORY,GREENHOUSE,ANDFIELD RESPONSEOF GLVPHOSATERESISTANTTRANSGENICLETTUCE 1.A. Dusky, R. T. Nagata, T. A. Bewick,R. J. Ferl, D. 1.Cantliffe' ABSTRACT Transg plants of the lettuce cultivar(cv.) 'South Bay' were producedusingtissue culture methods d seed of regeneratedplantswas obtained. To evaluatethe relativetolerance of transgenicmat rialsto glyphosate,three techniqueswere utilized;a leafdiscbioassay,a greenhouse scree . g method, and a fieldscreeningmethod. Leaf discswere obtainedfrom severaltransgeni linesby taking 1.25em leaf discsfrom the newestfullyexpandedleafof 6 wk old plants. Leaf iscs were placed on MS medium(supplementedwith NAA and BA) containing g1yphosateat v . g rates and allowedto form callusand shoots for 4 wk. The explantswere then harvested, eighed,dried and reweighed. Studieswere repeatedat least two times. Analysisofvari ce (ANOVA)was conductedto determineinteractionsand treatmenteffects. Isovalues were d terminedusing regressionanalysis. Greenho se evaluationwas done by plantingtransgeniclettuce seed in trays and allowing them to grow in greenhouseunder natural daylenthand photoperiod. Weed specieswere also seeded in trays. eeds utilizedwere bamyardgrass(Echinochloacrus-galli),lambsquarters (Chenopodiuma 'bum),spinyamaranth(Amaranthusspinosus),guineagrass(Panicum maximum), fallp nicum(Panicumdichotomiflorumy;and commonpurslane(Portulaca oleracea). After 3 wk growth, the plantswere sprayedwith glyphosateusinga CO 2 pressurized back-pack spray r. Rates utilizedrangedfrom 0 to 32.0 IbaiJA. Alltreatmentscontaineda surfactant (0.25° v/v). Two weeks after treatment,the plantswere harvested,weighed,dried and reweighed. tudies were repeatedthree times. Data were analyzedas described. Field stu ies were conductedby plantingtransgeniclettuce seed on raisedbeds. Weeds also were plant and includedspinyamaranth,fallpanicum,barnyardgrass,and yellownutsedge (Cyperus escule s). After 3 wk growth, the plantswere sprayedwith glyphosateusinga backpack sprayer. R tes ranged from 0 to 32.0 Ibai/Aand all spraymixturescontainedsurfactant. Two weeks after treatment, the plantswere harvested,dried and weighed. The experimentwas repeated twice. ata were analyzedas describedpreviously. Alltrans enic lineswere tolerant to glyphosate,althoughthere were relativedifferences between linesan the method used to evaluatetolerance. AlthoughIsovaluesfor the transgenic lettuces lineswe e differentfor each screeningtechnique,the relativetoleranceof each linewas similar. The Iso a1uesfor the weed speciesrangedfrom 0.08 to 1.741baiJAand 2.4 to greater than 8.0 lb aiJA r transgeniclettuce lines. A selectivityindexwas calculatedto determinethe relative selectivi for various transgeniclettuce linesand weed complexes. Iprof. an Assoc. Prof., EvergladesRes. & Educ. Ctr., BelleGlade,FL 33430, and Assoc. Prof', Prof', and rof., Univ. of Florida,HorticulturalSciencesDept., Gainesville,FL 32611.
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1 DE~LOPING BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTIC
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3 MATERIALSANDMETHODS Experiments w
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I 5 I Table 3. Stand density of oat
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7 TaL~NCEaFHNE~CU~TaCL~HarnM Larry
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9 I CONTROLLING QUACKGRASS WITH CLE
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BELTSV~LLE 11 SUSTAINABLEAGRICULTUR
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Ii 13 I The 1996NEWSSCollegiateWeed
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15 EFFECTOF rREPLANT TILLAGEANDNICO
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17 i PENNMUjLCH, A NEW MULCH FOR TU
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19 cover the sta~es in the Northeas
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21 I TABLEt CORN WEED CONTROL EFFIC
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23 COMMON LAMBSQUARTERS CONTROL IN
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I I 25 I Table 2. Effectivaness of
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27 PERFORMANCE OF PREEMERGENCE TREA
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I i I i I I 29 EFFECT OF TANK-MIXIN
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I 31 I EVALVATIONOF WEED CONTROLA
Page 33 and 34: I I i 33 I EFFECT$ OF EXP 31130A AN
Page 35 and 36: 35 Effect OfPO~T ApplicationTimingo
Page 37 and 38: II I ! I ! Ii I I 37 PREE~ERGENCE C
Page 39 and 40: I 39 U+ OF SLUDGE BASED FERTILIZERS
Page 41 and 42: i I 41 I EFFECT OF fSOXABEN APPLIED
Page 43 and 44: I 43 ~STCRABGRASS CONTROL AS lWO os
Page 45 and 46: I II 45 iI Gallery* f,r Weed Preven
Page 47 and 48: I POTENTIAL I I 47 USE OF EXP-31130
Page 49 and 50: I" i 49 j PFMERGENCE CONTROL OF PRO
Page 51 and 52: 51 TIIE E...·rL"",,- L OF TRINEXAP
Page 53 and 54: 53 PERF011MANICEOF ISOXAFLUTOLE IN
Page 55 and 56: 55 ISOXAFL OLE COMBINATIONSWITH PRE
Page 57 and 58: 57 Weed Interference in Full Season
Page 59 and 60: 59 HERBICIDE TRATEGIES FOR CONTROL
Page 61 and 62: 61 Table 1.Eff ct of WeedControlTre
Page 63 and 64: 63 DETECTION ND MOVEMENT PATTERN OF
Page 65 and 66: 65 TRAILERING AFETY: A TRAINING COU
Page 67 and 68: 67 EV ALUATIO OF WIT..DFLOWER ESTAB
Page 69 and 70: 69 LlNGSNOW ECOSYSTEM PROJECT: MICR
Page 71 and 72: 71 TABLE 1: Tree . jury provided by
Page 74 and 75: 74 GSNOW ECOSYSTEM PROJECT: WHITE S
Page 76 and 77: 16 cherry (Pnmus se otina ranks fou
Page 78 and 79: .J 78 Table 1. Density, (D), relati
Page 80 and 81: ~---------_._-~---_.._--- 80 A NEW
Page 82 and 83: 82 WEED AFFINITY GROUPS AS A TOOL I
Page 86 and 87: 86 PRO UCTION PERFORMANCE OF GLYPHO
Page 88 and 89: 88 Managing nterseeded Cover Crops
Page 90 and 91: -----------t----~--- 90 Since weed
Page 92 and 93: 92 The mechanistic model (equ. I) a
Page 94 and 95: 94 Exploring the Feasibility of Pro
Page 96 and 97: 96 INHIBI ING THE DEVELOPMENT OF CI
Page 98 and 99: 98 However it .ncreased the control
Page 100 and 101: 100 LIVERWORT AND PEARLWORT MANAGEM
Page 102 and 103: 102 ULFENTRAZONEAND HALOSULFURON:HE
Page 104 and 105: 104 estern New York Nursery IPM Pro
Page 106 and 107: 106 C MMONRAGWEEDCONTROLIN FIELD CO
Page 108 and 109: 108 CGA-77102: A New Herbicide for
Page 110 and 111: 110 POSTEMERGENCEWEEDCONTROLIN SOYB
Page 112 and 113: 112 E FECTS OF REPEATEDLATE-WINTERH
Page 114 and 115: 114 GSNOW ECOSYSTEl\1 PROJECT: NITR
Page 116 and 117: 116 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION GI fosin
Page 118 and 119: ---------T---~~-- 118 EVALUA ON OF
Page 120 and 121: 120 B USB CONTROL PROVIDED BY LOW V
Page 122 and 123: ------- 122 W VOLUMEWEED AND BRUSH
Page 124 and 125: 124 EVA UATION OFGLYPHOSATEFOR DORM
Page 126 and 127: 126 E ALUATION OF IMAZAMETH FOR WEE
Page 128 and 129: 128 Presidential Address Delivered
Page 130 and 131: 130 Ho much land can ten billion pe
Page 132 and 133: Waggone December 24, 1994 132 count
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Waggone December 24, 1994 134 25 Pa
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Waggone December 24, 1994 136 which
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December 24, 1994 138 sets the pecu
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----------+---- Waggone December 24
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Waggone December 24, 1994 142 soil
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Waggone December 24, 1994 144 ~oo~
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Waggoner December 24, 1994 146 350
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148 Appendix Calculate the environm
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150 alone ac eptably controls typic
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152 opportu ity to use sethoxydim a
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---------+----------- 154 IMPACT OF
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156 The STS® time line: • 1986 -
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-------_. __ ._._--- d •••..
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-----_._~-_._.__.- 160 SYNCBRONYTM.
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162 Government approvals for Roundu
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HH i ! 164 AG6101 l.oundup Ready®
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166 n Lib rty LinkTM soybeans will
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168 IMITMCORN YIELD PERFORMANCE* (H
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170 to $15 an ere depending upon ho
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172 e recent occurrence has been th
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174 He bicide was added to the tiss
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176 it can at ti es be a weed in Ke
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178 ty's main campus that Rhizocton
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180 weight conclu qualit treatm and
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182 during the st or 2nd growing se
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184 TABLE 1. Mean raspberry cover (
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186 (A) STEM VOLUME - SPRING TRTM.,
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188 concluded at 5.1 em of simulate
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190 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ank United Agr
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192 AGRICULTURE NEEDS MORE WEED SCI
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194 Who is going to provide the edu
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20 18 - 16 A v 14 e r 12 a g 10 e s
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198 50th Annual Business Meeting of
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200 • Graduate team winners were:
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202 solclose to the New Year, as it
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----~------ 204 e Committee Reports
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! I 206 I Administration $1,527.23
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208 Glickman comments that his "hig
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210 York Sta~e. It is still unclear
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I I I Bingham, SamuJ Wayne Virginia
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214 Cianessi, Leonard Nat. Center o
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L I • I I I I Langston, Vemon Dow
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__________ m---+---m__ .... 218 Rie
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-----------~ I I 220 Whalen, Mark Z
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Helicopter Applicators, Inc. Martin
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224 Employers of NEWSS members in 1
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.l I I I I 226 NEWSSPASTPRESIDENTS
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228 AWARD OF MERIT 1971 1972 1973 1
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1995 I I I 230 Fra~cis J. Webb •
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II II 232 1995 1'R~chard Ashly Univ
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234 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1
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I, I 236 1989 - AmeriJan Cyanamid,
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--------_.~-------- 238 RESEARCH PO
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1995 1 - iAComparison of Broadleaf
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242 1960 1961 1962 . The Influence
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244 1975 1 - Control of Jimsonweed
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246 1984 1 - Pre-TransplantOxyfluor
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248 Common or Code name trade Name
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250 Common or Code name , rrade Nam
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252 I Common ot Code namel I I flur
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254 Common o~ Code name' I I i Trad
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256 Common or i Code name I Trade N
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258 , Ackley, J.A .• 7 Adams, R.G
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260 1 I 2,4-D 2, 14, 1~, 22, 23,28,
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262 I Agrosticpalus(ris 47, 48 Agro
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SUBJECT INDEX Application T~mings 4
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266 WEED INDEX Abutilon theop~rosti
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Vol. 51â1997 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society