Vol. 51â1997 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society
Vol. 51â1997 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society Vol. 51â1997 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society
36 GLUFOSINATE-AMMONl UM HERBICIDE UPDATE FOR CORN IN THE NORTHEAST M.A. Fidanza ', W.J. Bertges, and E.P. Pieters ABSTRACT lufosinate-ammonium is a non-selective, postemergence herbicide currently being develop d for the management and control of grass and broadleaf weeds in agricultural and spe ialty crops. Glufosinate-ammonium is the synthetic equivalent to a naturally occurri g compound, phosphinothricin, which is a metabolite of the soil bacteria Stre to ces viridochromogenes. In the target plant, glufosinate-arnmoniumbinds irreversi Iy to glutamine synthetase, an enzyme located in the chloroplasts and cytoplasm. Glutami e synthetase is involved in the conversion of glutamate plus ammonia into useful glutami e, which is an important step in the nitrogen assimilation process. By inhibiting glutami e synthetase, ammonia accumulates within plant tissues, and is accompanied by a decreas in amino acid levels. Exposure to high levels of ammonia is toxic to plants, which r sults in damage to plant cell structure and function. The photosynthesis process also is i hibited as a result of glutamine synthetase inhibition in the plant by glufosinateammon m. ecent advances in plant genetics and biotechnology have resulted in the ability of desired lants and food and fiber crops to gain resistance to glufosinate-ammonium, The gene re ponsible for establishing resistance to glufosinate-ammonium was discovered in the earl 1980s. Since then, AgrEvo USA Company has pioneered the effort to develop glufosi te-ammonium resistant corn, soybeans, and other crops. Due to the nonselectiv , broad spectrum weed control properties of glufosinate-ammonium, the compo nd is suitable for use in crops specifically developed with resistance to the herbici e. he effectiveness of glufosinate-ammonium to control a wide range of grass and broadle f weeds has been demonstrated in field trials throughout the Northeast and Midwe t USA. In previously reported experiments, genetically engineered corn and soybea plants exhibited resistance to postemergence treatments of glufosinate-ammonium applied at ~ 1500 g ai ha- 1 . In efficacy field trials during the 1994 to 1996 growing season with glufosinate-ammonium resistant corn, postemergence treatments of the herbici e applied at 250 to 400 g ai ha- 1 were effective. Successful weed management and control results in corn also were observed when glufosinate-ammonium was applied in conjun tion with preemergence herbicides, and when applying glufosinate-ammonium alone 0 tank-mixed with current postemergence herbicides. The development of crops with re istance to glufosinate-ammonium represents an opportunity for the herbicide to be utilized as an additional weed management tool for use in corn, and eventually in soybeans and ot er food and fiber crops. IField evelopment Representative, Field Development Manager, and Product Devel ment Manager, respectively; AgrEvo USA Company, Wilmington, DE 19808.
II I ! I ! Ii I I 37 PREE~ERGENCE CONTROLOF SMOOTHCRABGRASSIN 1996 I I T. L. Watschkeand 1. A. Borgert ABSTRACf Twenty-sixpreemergenceherbicidetreatmentswereappliedto a mixedstandof cool seasonturfgrasses t the LandscapeManagementResearchCenter,UniversityPark,PA. As severaltreatments ere appliedusingfertilizeras a carrier,all treatmentsregardlessof carrierwere maintainedat the s e nitrogenfertilitylevel, Dateof applicationwasApril25 and 26, May2, and June 8 for sequen 'al treatments. Germinationof crabgrasswasfirstobservedon May 13. Sprayedapplicatio s weremadeusinga handheldCO 2 boomsprayerwith6504nozzlesat 30psi calibratedto deliv r 80 gpa, Granularformulationswereappliedusinga shakerjar. Irrigationwas appliedafterappli ation(approximately0.5inch)and at varioustimesduringthe courseof the studyto maintain e turf free of dormancy. Crabgrasscontrolwasratedon August20, 1996. No phytotoxicitywas bservedduringthe courseof the study. S-6617at a productrate of 109.3 IbsiAappliedseq ntially,S-6619at a productrate of 109.31bslAappliedsequentially.oxadiazon at a rate of 3 Ibs . A, pendimethalinon Scott's 22-0-6,pendimethalinom18-5-9at a rate of 2lbs ailA, prodiamine 5WG at rates of 0.48.0.65,and 0.75lbs ailA. prodiamineat an initialrateof 0.5 followedby 0 25 eight weekslater, prodiamineat a rate of 0.65and(J).75Ibsai/A on fertilizer, prodiamineat a r te of 0.5, 0.65,and 0.75on Lebanonfertilizer,dithiopyr1EC at a rate of 0.18, 0.25, and 0.38, 443 and AD 445 at rates of dithiopyrof 0.18 and0.25,respectively,all providedat least % controlof smoothcrabgrasswhichwasconsidered'to becommercially acceptable. Seve of the abovematerialswereappliedat lowerratesandat lowerrates sequentially;how ver, in all cases,controlof smoothcrabgrasswasnot foundto beacceptable. Dithiopyron fe .. zer did havecontrolratedat 88 and89%forratesof 0.06 and0.09lbs ailA, respectively.Cl ly, the potentialfor dithiopyr/fertilizercombinationsto providean acceptable levelof control .very lowrates appearspossible. i ! II I I I, I I I I I I I Professorand R±arCh Assistant,respectively,Departmentof Agronomy,PennStateUniversity,UniversityPark, PA 16802. ! I I I i I II I ! I I II I I II I ! I I
- Page 1 and 2: 1 DE~LOPING BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTIC
- Page 3 and 4: 3 MATERIALSANDMETHODS Experiments w
- Page 5 and 6: I 5 I Table 3. Stand density of oat
- Page 7 and 8: 7 TaL~NCEaFHNE~CU~TaCL~HarnM Larry
- Page 9 and 10: 9 I CONTROLLING QUACKGRASS WITH CLE
- Page 11 and 12: BELTSV~LLE 11 SUSTAINABLEAGRICULTUR
- Page 13 and 14: Ii 13 I The 1996NEWSSCollegiateWeed
- Page 15 and 16: 15 EFFECTOF rREPLANT TILLAGEANDNICO
- Page 17 and 18: 17 i PENNMUjLCH, A NEW MULCH FOR TU
- Page 19 and 20: 19 cover the sta~es in the Northeas
- Page 21 and 22: 21 I TABLEt CORN WEED CONTROL EFFIC
- Page 23 and 24: 23 COMMON LAMBSQUARTERS CONTROL IN
- Page 25 and 26: I I 25 I Table 2. Effectivaness of
- Page 27 and 28: 27 PERFORMANCE OF PREEMERGENCE TREA
- Page 29 and 30: I i I i I I 29 EFFECT OF TANK-MIXIN
- Page 31 and 32: I 31 I EVALVATIONOF WEED CONTROLA
- Page 33 and 34: I I i 33 I EFFECT$ OF EXP 31130A AN
- Page 35: 35 Effect OfPO~T ApplicationTimingo
- Page 39 and 40: I 39 U+ OF SLUDGE BASED FERTILIZERS
- Page 41 and 42: i I 41 I EFFECT OF fSOXABEN APPLIED
- Page 43 and 44: I 43 ~STCRABGRASS CONTROL AS lWO os
- Page 45 and 46: I II 45 iI Gallery* f,r Weed Preven
- Page 47 and 48: I POTENTIAL I I 47 USE OF EXP-31130
- Page 49 and 50: I" i 49 j PFMERGENCE CONTROL OF PRO
- Page 51 and 52: 51 TIIE E...·rL"",,- L OF TRINEXAP
- Page 53 and 54: 53 PERF011MANICEOF ISOXAFLUTOLE IN
- Page 55 and 56: 55 ISOXAFL OLE COMBINATIONSWITH PRE
- Page 57 and 58: 57 Weed Interference in Full Season
- Page 59 and 60: 59 HERBICIDE TRATEGIES FOR CONTROL
- Page 61 and 62: 61 Table 1.Eff ct of WeedControlTre
- Page 63 and 64: 63 DETECTION ND MOVEMENT PATTERN OF
- Page 65 and 66: 65 TRAILERING AFETY: A TRAINING COU
- Page 67 and 68: 67 EV ALUATIO OF WIT..DFLOWER ESTAB
- Page 69 and 70: 69 LlNGSNOW ECOSYSTEM PROJECT: MICR
- Page 71 and 72: 71 TABLE 1: Tree . jury provided by
- Page 74 and 75: 74 GSNOW ECOSYSTEM PROJECT: WHITE S
- Page 76 and 77: 16 cherry (Pnmus se otina ranks fou
- Page 78 and 79: .J 78 Table 1. Density, (D), relati
- Page 80 and 81: ~---------_._-~---_.._--- 80 A NEW
- Page 82 and 83: 82 WEED AFFINITY GROUPS AS A TOOL I
- Page 84 and 85: 84 NEW TE HNIQUE TO COMPARE EFFICAC
36<br />
GLUFOSINATE-AMMONl UM HERBICIDE UPDATE<br />
FOR CORN IN THE NORTHEAST<br />
M.A. Fidanza ', W.J. Bertges, and E.P. Pieters<br />
ABSTRACT<br />
lufosinate-ammonium is a non-selective, postemergence herbicide currently being<br />
develop d for the management and control of grass and broadleaf weeds in agricultural<br />
and spe ialty crops. Glufosinate-ammonium is the synthetic equivalent to a naturally<br />
occurri g compound, phosphinothricin, which is a metabolite of the soil bacteria<br />
Stre to ces viridochromogenes. In the target plant, glufosinate-arnmoniumbinds<br />
irreversi Iy to glutamine synthetase, an enzyme located in the chloroplasts and cytoplasm.<br />
Glutami e synthetase is involved in the conversion of glutamate plus ammonia into useful<br />
glutami e, which is an important step in the nitrogen assimilation process. By inhibiting<br />
glutami e synthetase, ammonia accumulates within plant tissues, and is accompanied by a<br />
decreas in amino acid levels. Exposure to high levels of ammonia is toxic to plants,<br />
which r sults in damage to plant cell structure and function. The photosynthesis process<br />
also is i hibited as a result of glutamine synthetase inhibition in the plant by glufosinateammon<br />
m.<br />
ecent advances in plant genetics and biotechnology have resulted in the ability of<br />
desired lants and food and fiber crops to gain resistance to glufosinate-ammonium, The<br />
gene re ponsible for establishing resistance to glufosinate-ammonium was discovered in<br />
the earl 1980s. Since then, AgrEvo USA Company has pioneered the effort to develop<br />
glufosi te-ammonium resistant corn, soybeans, and other crops. Due to the nonselectiv<br />
, broad spectrum weed control properties of glufosinate-ammonium, the<br />
compo nd is suitable for use in crops specifically developed with resistance to the<br />
herbici e.<br />
he effectiveness of glufosinate-ammonium to control a wide range of grass and<br />
broadle f weeds has been demonstrated in field trials throughout the Northeast and<br />
Midwe t USA. In previously reported experiments, genetically engineered corn and<br />
soybea plants exhibited resistance to postemergence treatments of glufosinate-ammonium<br />
applied at ~ 1500 g ai ha- 1 . In efficacy field trials during the 1994 to 1996 growing<br />
season with glufosinate-ammonium resistant corn, postemergence treatments of the<br />
herbici e applied at 250 to 400 g ai ha- 1 were effective. Successful weed management and<br />
control results in corn also were observed when glufosinate-ammonium was applied in<br />
conjun tion with preemergence herbicides, and when applying glufosinate-ammonium<br />
alone 0 tank-mixed with current postemergence herbicides. The development of crops<br />
with re istance to glufosinate-ammonium represents an opportunity for the herbicide to be<br />
utilized as an additional weed management tool for use in corn, and eventually in soybeans<br />
and ot er food and fiber crops.<br />
IField evelopment Representative, Field Development Manager, and Product<br />
Devel ment Manager, respectively; AgrEvo USA Company, Wilmington, DE 19808.
Change language