Vol. 54â2000 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society

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WETLAND NURSERIES AND WATER GARDEN TRADE SPREAD A FEDERAL NOXIOUS AQUATIC WEED, Salvinia motesta S. H. Kay and S. T. Hoyle' ABSTRACT Giant salvinia (Salvinia motesta D. S. Mitchell), a federal noxious weed, was found in TX in a schoolyardpond in Houstonin May 1998 and in a farm pond in July. In September,it was collectedin LA fromtheBayouTecheandfoundin the backwatersof Toledo Bend Reservoir. In October, a technician with NC State University discovered it in a water garden exhibit at the NC State Fair. By December, it had heen detected in the lower reaches of the Sabine and Trinity Rivers in TX and had been found in several small ponds, nurseries,gardencenters,andpersonalwatergardensinNC. Giantsalvinia was identified in a pond in Auburn, AL, in January 1999, and in a canaIin Naples, FL, in February. In April, it was seen in a pond and adjacent ditch in MS and in Enchanted Lake, HI. InJune,the USDA-ARS releasedimportedweevils, Cyrtobagous salviniae, for giant salvinia control at three locations in eastern TX. By July and August, new infestations had been reported in TX, AZ, and CA, and the Auburn, AL, pond infestation was no longer contained. CA reported giant salvinia for sale in 37 towns in 12 counties in July and that a few plantswere found in a pondedarea of the SanDiego River. Gardencentersin all of these states as well as OR, WA, VA, PA, and OK have been selling this weed as an ornamental. Severalwetlandnurserieshave advertisedthis plantin theircatalogsand via theirwebsites, andtherehavebeeninstanceswhereindividualsadvertisedthe plantson line eitherforsaleortrade. The escape andnaturalizationof giant salvinia in the Southand Southwest,its widespread sale by nurseries and garden centers, and its easyavailability throughcatalogs andon-linesourcespresenta seriousdilemmaforwater resourcesmanagementin the southern United States. The presence of natuIa1ized populations in northern TX indicates that giant salvinia hasthe potential to spread to areas which had heen presumed much too cold forits survivalduringthe winter. Examinationof the weed's CUITeIltdistributionand theplanthardinesszones andits successfuloverwinteringin watergardensin NC suggests that it also could become established in some areas of coastaINew England and the Pacific coast. Regulationof salesof federalnoxiousweeds,includinggiantsalviniaandothers, primarily hasheen left up to the departments of agriculture in each state, once the plants havebecomeestablishedwithin thebordersof the UnitedStates. Inconsistencyof stateand federal regulatory statutes and enforcement, combined with the unfamiliarity of regulatory 'Assoc. Prof. and Agric. Res. Tech., respectively, Dept. of Crop <strong>Science</strong>, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695. 81
personnel with many of the illegal plants has provided an enviromnent highly conducive to the spread of noxious aquatic and wetland weeds. Efforts by a few states and by several federal agencies to combat the spread of giant salvinia and other Federal noxious aquatic weeds must beembraced and enforced uniformly by all states and federal agencies to be effective. 83
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WEED REMOVAL TIMING WITH ROUNDUP RE
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EFFECT OF HERBICIDE RATES AND IRRIG
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40 Effect of Pronone Applied with A
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Comparisonof Sulfosateand Glyphosat
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N 1175 feet Roundup Ready Studies R
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VIRGINIA TECH'S ONLINE WEED IDENTIF
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WEED CONTROL AND YIELD OF CUT FLOWE
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Table I. Effect of napropamide and
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The Effect of Total Postemergence H
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with commercial fertilizer. In gene
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HERBICIDE APPLICATIONS VERSUS HANDW
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exceeded 4. The success of training
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_u ____ Table2: Estimatesof herbace
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DOUBLE CROP CORN WEED CONTROL IN VI
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ANNUAL WEED AND GRASS CONTROL IN CO
Page 31 and 32: MANAGING QUACKGRASSINFESTATIONSAS C
Page 33 and 34: USING HERBICIDE RESISTANT HYBRIDS T
Page 35 and 36: NICOSULFURONIRIMSULFURON COMBINATIO
Page 37 and 38: GLYPHOSATE ALONE AND PRECEDED BY PR
Page 39 and 40: ROUNDUPVS. LIBERTY:WHATHAVE WE LEAR
Page 41 and 42: In summary, application timing for
Page 43 and 44: INFLUENCE OF TIMING ON WEED MANAGEM
Page 45 and 46: IMPACT OF GLYPHOSATE TIMING AND COR
Page 47 and 48: PREEMERGENCE HERBICIDES INFLUENCE W
Page 49 and 50: COMPARISON OF WEED CONTROL SYSTEMS
Page 51 and 52: Table I Mean Percent Weed Control V
Page 53 and 54: SMALL GRAIN WEED CONTROL - NEW WEED
Page 55 and 56: MODE OF ACTION, ABSORPTION, TRANSLO
Page 57 and 58: INFLUENCE OF CROWNVETCH WITH AND WI
Page 59 and 60: lRUMPETCREEPER, HONEYVINEMILKWEED,A
Page 61 and 62: FLUFENACET PLUS METRIBUZIN PLUS ATR
Page 63 and 64: CONTROLLING ASTERACEAE WEEDS WITH R
Page 65 and 66: 0... Figure1. GerminationRateof Roo
Page 67 and 68: BIOLOGICALLY BASED WEED CONTROL STR
Page 69 and 70: NON·NATIVE VASCULAR FLORA OF BISCA
Page 71 and 72: principally in ruderal sites. lawns
Page 73 and 74: EVALUATION OF AZAFENlDIN FOR PREEME
Page 75 and 76: AUTOMATING MONITORING OF ROADSIDE W
Page 77 and 78: Table I: Swnmary of brush managemen
Page 79 and 80: Table I: Sequence codes and general
Page 81: IR-4 ORNAMENTAL RESEARCH PROGRESS F
Page 85 and 86: TOLERANCE OF ORNAMENTAL GROUNDCOVER
Page 87 and 88: MUGWORT CONTROL WITH CLOPYRALID AND
Page 89 and 90: POTENTIAL WEEDINESS OF SEVERAL NEW
Page 91 and 92: Table I: Identification, morphologi
Page 93 and 94: Trifolium tricolor 232 26 62 0 18 S
Page 95 and 96: NUTRIENT REMOVAL BY WEEDS IN CONTAI
Page 97 and 98: CONTROL OF POAANNUA FROM MULTIPLE S
Page 99 and 100: ANNUAL BLUEGRASS (PDaannual CONTROL
Page 101 and 102: LATERAL DEVELOPMENT OF PLANT oaowra
Page 103 and 104: RE-ROOTING OF FOUR VARIETIES OF CRE
Page 105 and 106: Table 2. Top growth weights (fresh)
Page 107 and 108: CONTROL OF DALLISGRASS IN COOL SEAS
Page 109 and 110: Kentucky bluegrass was rated to hav
Page 111 and 112: Table 2. Fresh weight (grams) barve
Page 113 and 114: MANAGING FENOXAPROP RESIST ANT CRAB
Page 115 and 116: ADVANCED FORMULATION TECHNOLOGY FOR
Page 117 and 118: Table I. Preemergence smooth crabgr
Page 119 and 120: 0.57EW at O.l21bs ai/A plus Confron
Page 121 and 122: EFFICACY OF DITHIOPYR FORMULATIONS
Page 123 and 124: EFFECTS OF DROUGHT ON THE INTERFERE
Page 125 and 126: WEED MANAGEMENT WITH HALOSULFURON I
Page 127 and 128: WEED CONTROL IN SWEET CORN WITH CAR
Page 129 and 130: COMPARISON OF USING LEAF AREA AND W
Page 131 and 132: RESULTS OF NEW YORK VINEYARD TRIALS
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HERBICIDE TOLERANCE IN CRANBERRIES
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Classification based on action on a
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EFFECTS OF SEVERAL POTENTIALLY USEF
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Supplement of the 53 rd Annual Meet
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with society activities to anyone.
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WINTER SQUASH CULTIVARS DIFFER IN R
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INCORPORATING QUINCLORAC IN AUTUMN
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Control efforts aim to eradicate bo
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Table I Weed canopy, insect and dis
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Table 1: Percent mortality of respr
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Vol. 54â2000 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society

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Vol. 54â2000 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society