Vol. 54â2000 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society
Vol. 54â2000 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society Vol. 54â2000 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society
ASEEDGERMrnNATION PROTOCOL FORMILE-A-MINUTE (POLYGONUMPERFOUAIUML.) 1 Wu, x: W. L. Bruckart ', R. A. Creager', and M. R. Gale 2 ABSTRACT Mile-a-minuteseedswerecollectednearBoaz,WestVirginia,in October1998.Seeds were air-driedat roomtemperaturefor 18days.Theywerethenplacedin airtightcontainersandstoredat threetemperatures:roomtemperature, 4-SoCin a refrigerator,or at -2 to _3°ein a freezer.Afterfive mooths of storage (March 1999) samples of one-hundred mature, intact seeda from each storage temperaturewere removedmonthlyandplantedin a 17x17x6em flatofBacto ProfessionalPlanting Mix (65.75% horticultura1 sphagnum peat, 34.25% perlite, pH 5.5-6.5). The planting mix was then moistenedandunsealedflatswereplacedin a refrigeratorat 4-SoCto stratifytheseeds.When seedlings emerged in any flat, all threeflats in that sample period were removed from the refrigeratorandplacedatroomtemperature.Theseflatswereobservedfortwo weeksat room temperatureandgenninationrateswererecorded.Eachflatthenwasreturnedto therefrigeratorfor additional stratification. In a separate study, one hundred seeda were planted and stratified immediately after the 18-day air-dry period. Seedling emergence wasnot observed in the refrigerator, but good emergence (86%, Figure I) resulted after moving to room temperature in March 1999. Seedsstoredatroomtemperaturebeforestratificationhadgerminationratesfrom34%to 86%, and length of stratification varied from 4 to 19 weeks. Germination rate decreased from March to September, as did the period for stratification (Figure I). Seeda stored under refrigeration had germination rates of 10'10(flat # 2-2) after 13 weeks (in June, 1999) of stratification, and 4% after 16 weeks (in July, 1999) of stratification, respectively, which were the only two months seedlings appeared. Seeda stored in the freezer had germination rates of I% after 13 weeks (in June, 1999) of stratification and 16% after 16 weeks (in July, 1999) of stratification, respectively, also the only two months seedlings appeared. New seedlings appeared in flat #2-2 in October 1999 after an additional 28 weeks ofstratitication.It'sgerminationrateincreasedby 60010to total70%overall. Germinationof Mile-a-minute seedsstoredatroomtemperaturebeforestratificationwas fasterandmorereliablethanforseedsstoredat coolertemperaturesaccordingto thisprotocol.Milea-minuteseedsmaygerminatein thefallundercontrolledcondition,basedon experiencewith flat #2-2. Plansareto continuethisstudywithseedscollectedin 1998andto initiatea new test with seeda harvested in 1999. I TheUSDA ForestService.ForestHealthTechnologyEnterpriseTeam.Morgantown,WV 26505. fundsthisresearch. 2 ResearchScientistandAssociateProfessor,Schoolof ForestryandWoodProducts,MichiganTech.Univ. Houghton, MI 49931. Thecorrespondingauthoris currentlylocatedatUSDA ForestService,ForestHeahhTechnologyEnterprise Team.Morgantown,WV 26505 3 ResearchPlantPathologistandPlantPathologistrespectively.USDA~ARS. ForeignDisease-WeedScienceResearch Unit,FortDetrick.,MD 21702 64
0... Figure1. GerminationRateof Room-Temperature StoredMile-a-minuteSeeds 100 0 - 90 80 'i .. .. • -.- C.- ... 'Iii 70 E 60 Gl Ul 0-0 50 'i Ul Gl 40 Ul 15 30 ... .8 20 Ul '" $ E :::l Z 10 --- - _n • .. ---- ._- ---- - - .. .. .. • -------- - - • .. .. --~ -- • .. --- ---_.-- - -- -- - ~------ ----~_..._-- . o 10/98 11/98 12/98 1/99 2/99 3199 4/99 5/99 6/99 7/99 8199 9/99 10/99 Date [• Datestratificationstarted .. Date stratificationendedI
- Page 13 and 14: WEED CONTROL AND YIELD OF CUT FLOWE
- Page 15 and 16: Table I. Effect of napropamide and
- Page 17 and 18: The Effect of Total Postemergence H
- Page 19 and 20: with commercial fertilizer. In gene
- Page 21 and 22: HERBICIDE APPLICATIONS VERSUS HANDW
- Page 23 and 24: exceeded 4. The success of training
- Page 25 and 26: _u ____ Table2: Estimatesof herbace
- Page 27 and 28: DOUBLE CROP CORN WEED CONTROL IN VI
- Page 29 and 30: ANNUAL WEED AND GRASS CONTROL IN CO
- Page 31 and 32: MANAGING QUACKGRASSINFESTATIONSAS C
- Page 33 and 34: USING HERBICIDE RESISTANT HYBRIDS T
- Page 35 and 36: NICOSULFURONIRIMSULFURON COMBINATIO
- Page 37 and 38: GLYPHOSATE ALONE AND PRECEDED BY PR
- Page 39 and 40: ROUNDUPVS. LIBERTY:WHATHAVE WE LEAR
- Page 41 and 42: In summary, application timing for
- Page 43 and 44: INFLUENCE OF TIMING ON WEED MANAGEM
- Page 45 and 46: IMPACT OF GLYPHOSATE TIMING AND COR
- Page 47 and 48: PREEMERGENCE HERBICIDES INFLUENCE W
- Page 49 and 50: COMPARISON OF WEED CONTROL SYSTEMS
- Page 51 and 52: Table I Mean Percent Weed Control V
- Page 53 and 54: SMALL GRAIN WEED CONTROL - NEW WEED
- Page 55 and 56: MODE OF ACTION, ABSORPTION, TRANSLO
- Page 57 and 58: INFLUENCE OF CROWNVETCH WITH AND WI
- Page 59 and 60: lRUMPETCREEPER, HONEYVINEMILKWEED,A
- Page 61 and 62: FLUFENACET PLUS METRIBUZIN PLUS ATR
- Page 63: CONTROLLING ASTERACEAE WEEDS WITH R
- Page 67 and 68: BIOLOGICALLY BASED WEED CONTROL STR
- Page 69 and 70: NON·NATIVE VASCULAR FLORA OF BISCA
- Page 71 and 72: principally in ruderal sites. lawns
- Page 73 and 74: EVALUATION OF AZAFENlDIN FOR PREEME
- Page 75 and 76: AUTOMATING MONITORING OF ROADSIDE W
- Page 77 and 78: Table I: Swnmary of brush managemen
- Page 79 and 80: Table I: Sequence codes and general
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- Page 83 and 84: personnel with many of the illegal
- Page 85 and 86: TOLERANCE OF ORNAMENTAL GROUNDCOVER
- Page 87 and 88: MUGWORT CONTROL WITH CLOPYRALID AND
- Page 89 and 90: POTENTIAL WEEDINESS OF SEVERAL NEW
- Page 91 and 92: Table I: Identification, morphologi
- Page 93 and 94: Trifolium tricolor 232 26 62 0 18 S
- Page 95 and 96: NUTRIENT REMOVAL BY WEEDS IN CONTAI
- Page 97 and 98: CONTROL OF POAANNUA FROM MULTIPLE S
- Page 99 and 100: ANNUAL BLUEGRASS (PDaannual CONTROL
- Page 101 and 102: LATERAL DEVELOPMENT OF PLANT oaowra
- Page 103 and 104: RE-ROOTING OF FOUR VARIETIES OF CRE
- Page 105 and 106: Table 2. Top growth weights (fresh)
- Page 107 and 108: CONTROL OF DALLISGRASS IN COOL SEAS
- Page 109 and 110: Kentucky bluegrass was rated to hav
- Page 111 and 112: Table 2. Fresh weight (grams) barve
- Page 113 and 114: MANAGING FENOXAPROP RESIST ANT CRAB
0...<br />
Figure1. GerminationRateof Room-Temperature<br />
StoredMile-a-minuteSeeds<br />
100<br />
0<br />
-<br />
90<br />
80<br />
'i<br />
.. ..<br />
• -.-<br />
C.-<br />
...<br />
'Iii<br />
70<br />
E<br />
60<br />
Gl Ul<br />
0-0<br />
50<br />
'i Ul<br />
Gl 40<br />
Ul<br />
15 30<br />
...<br />
.8 20<br />
Ul<br />
'" $<br />
E<br />
:::l<br />
Z<br />
10<br />
---<br />
- _n<br />
• ..<br />
---- ._- ---- - -<br />
.. .. .. •<br />
-------- - - • .. ..<br />
--~<br />
--<br />
• ..<br />
--- ---_.-- - -- --<br />
-<br />
~------<br />
----~_..._-- .<br />
o<br />
10/98 11/98 12/98 1/99 2/99 3199 4/99 5/99 6/99 7/99 8199 9/99 10/99<br />
Date<br />
[• Datestratificationstarted .. Date stratificationendedI
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