Vol. 15â1961 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society
Vol. 15â1961 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society Vol. 15â1961 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society
562. in controlling weeds in ponds or lakes containing fish population~, a small one-twentieth acre ponc:iat the Benner Spring Station 'Wasused. This pond aver aged three feet in depth, had no inflow or outflow, uas well populated with I'athced :ninnows, and contained the normal arra.y of aqua.tic plants common to this locality. Calcium cyanamid was applied by broadcasting to the pond surface at the rate of 50 pounds per 1000 square feet. At the end of one week only one living fathead could be found. Dead minnows, polliwogs, and aquatic insects littered the pond bottom. By the end of one month approximately 90% control hod been achieved on the plant species present; including duckweed, Lemua!!!.!mr. Filamentous algae, however, was beginning to shou signs of recovery. Reintroduction of fathead minnows at this time showed that the water was no longer toxic to this species. A second experiment was conducted in a raceway which averaged 16 feet in width and carried a flow of 2.5 cubic feet per second. Here, we hoped to determine if calcium cyanamid would be effective in controlling weeds in flowing water. Calcium cyanamid was applied to a section of this raceway, 125 feet in length, at a rate of 100 pounds per 1000 square feet. Periodic checks of the test area during the succeeding two months revealed that no appreciable control of any of the weed species present had been achieved. The effects of this tJ~e of application on fish life was not evaluated since the test raceway had contained no fish. In summary, observations made during 1960 indicate that applications of calcium cyanamid at the rate of 100 pounds per 1000 square feet to exposed raceway and pond bottoms may be B highly effective and relatively economical means of controlling a wide assortment of aquatic weeds at fish rearing sta~ tions. Because of its apparent toxicity to fish life and other aquatic fauna in standhig-water applications, calcium cyanamid does not now appear promising 8S a weedicide for general aquatic use. Testing of this material at the Benner Spring Fish Research Station during 1961 will be concentrated primarily toward determining (1) the minimum effective application rate, (2) the duration of control at the 100 pounds per '1000 square'feet rate, (3) the relationship hctween application rate and duration of control, and (4) the feasibility of portial or marginal applications in ponds containing fish );Jopulctions with and without partial draw-down. Literature Cited Schacperclaus, Wilhelm. 1933. Textbook of pond culture. U. S. Fish and Wildlif
-- SUMMARY OF 1960 AQUAmOLtEST RESULTS . I C. L. Bolster In discussing 1960 aquatic weed control results, we have elected to summarize these as results of "Aquathol" applications rather tban the generic usage of "Endothal", 3,6-endoxohexahydrophthalic acid, as our Endothal Aquatic Weed Killer formulaticns are trademarked "Aquathol" and any further sample distribution will be on this basis. Federal label approval was received for both the 19.2% liquid and 5% granular Endothal Aquatic Weed Killer formulations in July of 1960; however, this label was based primarily on results obtained in testing prior to 1960. -- Our aim in an extensive "Aquathol" test program this past season was to confirm our previous four-year test results on as broad a geographic and weed spectrum control basis as possible. 1960 Results Over 200 individual weed plot tests were conducted in Northeastern United States and Southern Canada in 1960. Both granular and liquid forms were used and data were obtained on various weed species in large areas on complete pond treatment and with marginal applications in larger bodies of water. Observations were made on the effect on the performance of "Aquathol" of such factors as density of weed growth, water temperature, pH, hardness, turbidity, movement, etc. A cooperator's manual was provided each cooperator for the purpose of attempting to standardize testing and reporting procedures. The c~nditions surrounding the field of aquatic weed control present such an assortment of variables beyond those found in the terrestial field, that it was our hope to assist cooperators in reporting their results in such a manner as to provide a commondenominator in evaluation. the following chart, expressed in parts per million concentration, reflects the economic control range for both "Aquathol" formulations, ex. cept where noted for the liquid in controlling the Duckweed family. lpennsalt Chemicals Corporation Agricultural Chemicals Division
- Page 512 and 513: • J ". 512. ~ ., and the weather
- Page 514 and 515: ) ) ) '.. . . hble). EffectbeneBB o
- Page 516 and 517: 516. HERBICIDf;TECHNIQUE.:> ,FORTn-
- Page 518 and 519: 518. The possibility o:rusing contr
- Page 520 and 521: 520 • . However, the capacity of
- Page 522 and 523: 522. This is followed by planting i
- Page 524 and 525: 524. AQJJATICWEEDCONTROLANDRELATEDP
- Page 526 and 527: 526. findings we increased the amou
- Page 528 and 529: 52e. There is a constant reinfectio
- Page 530 and 531: 530. in 1960 the Potamogeton re-app
- Page 532 and 533: 532. PROGRESSREPORT ON THE FIELD TE
- Page 534 and 535: 534. It· was tht.;n necessary to d
- Page 536 and 537: 536. l.qunlin Hcrbici(.l(; pr-ove-d
- Page 538 and 539: ;538. P.EFEP..ENCES 1. ijOSCIlETTI,
- Page 540 and 541: 540. The oontrol plot was ohosen so
- Page 542 and 543: 542. The dissolved oxygen content r
- Page 544 and 545: 544. Summary 1. Six experimental pl
- Page 546 and 547: 546. A PRELIMINARYREPORTON THE EFFE
- Page 548 and 549: that either slow chemical hydrolysi
- Page 550 and 551: 550. In July of 1959 funds were mad
- Page 552 and 553: 552. The barge was run at ~ speed o
- Page 554 and 555: 554. areas successfully treated in
- Page 556 and 557: 556. pick~rel spawning suacess but
- Page 558 and 559: Control of the Pondweed. Potamogeto
- Page 560 and 561: 560. THE ABSORPTIONANDMETABOLISMOF
- Page 564 and 565: CommonName WEEDSCONTROLLED ANDAQUAT
- Page 566 and 567: 566. PROGRESS-R!PORT·ON CONTltOLOF
- Page 568 and 569: 568. Herbicides used for these stud
- Page 570 and 571: 570. StHtARy Invasion of Eurasian v
- Page 572 and 573: AUTHORINDEX(continued) ~ King, -Ken
- Page 574 and 575: S/I/pg.2 Dinitro (DNOSBP) •• 11
- Page 576: S/I/4 SUBJECTINDEX{corrt Lnued ) S/
--<br />
SUMMARY OF 1960 AQUAmOLtEST RESULTS<br />
. I<br />
C. L. Bolster<br />
In discussing 1960 aquatic weed control results, we have elected to<br />
summarize these as results of "Aquathol" applications rather tban the<br />
generic usage of "Endothal", 3,6-endoxohexahydrophthalic acid, as our<br />
Endothal Aquatic <strong>Weed</strong> Killer formulaticns are trademarked "Aquathol" and<br />
any further sample distribution will be on this basis.<br />
Federal label approval was received for both the 19.2% liquid and 5%<br />
granular Endothal Aquatic <strong>Weed</strong> Killer formulations in July of 1960; however,<br />
this label was based primarily on results obtained in testing prior to<br />
1960.<br />
--<br />
Our aim in an extensive "Aquathol" test program this past season was to<br />
confirm our previous four-year test results on as broad a geographic<br />
and weed spectrum control basis as possible.<br />
1960 Results<br />
Over 200 individual weed plot tests were conducted in Northeastern United<br />
States and Southern Canada in 1960. Both granular and liquid forms were<br />
used and data were obtained on various weed species in large areas on<br />
complete pond treatment and with marginal applications in larger bodies<br />
of water. Observations were made on the effect on the performance of<br />
"Aquathol" of such factors as density of weed growth, water temperature,<br />
pH, hardness, turbidity, movement, etc.<br />
A cooperator's manual was provided each cooperator for the purpose of<br />
attempting to standardize testing and reporting procedures. The c~nditions<br />
surrounding the field of aquatic weed control present such an assortment<br />
of variables beyond those found in the terrestial field, that it was our<br />
hope to assist cooperators in reporting their results in such a manner<br />
as to provide a commondenominator in evaluation.<br />
the following chart, expressed in parts per million concentration, reflects<br />
the economic control range for both "Aquathol" formulations, ex.<br />
cept where noted for the liquid in controlling the Duckweed family.<br />
lpennsalt Chemicals Corporation<br />
Agricultural Chemicals Division
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