Vol. 15â1961 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society

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532. PROGRESSREPORT ON THE FIELD TESTING OF VARIOUSHERBICIDES FOR AQUATICWEEDCONTROL by JASON M. CORTELL, Biologist ALLIED BIOLOGICAL CONTROLCORPORATION Boston, Massachusetts In recent years, a consicerab1e research effort has been made in Getermining the potentials of Si1vex anc Granular 2,4-D formulations as effective aquatic herbicides. Examination of the literature indicates that Si1vex 2-(2,4,5-Tr~chlorophenoxy)propionic acid,propy1ene glycol formulation, was found to be highly effect.ive in the control of a large complex of aquatic vegetation, such as: Myrionhyllum sp., NYrnphaea, sp. NUPhar sp., ~rasenia sp., Cabomba sp., Elodea sp., Ceratophyllum sp., Pontederia sp., Sagittaria sp., Ca1litriche sp., Juncus ap , , Typha sp , (1,2,8,10,12). Similarly,field studies using various formulations of granular 2,4-D have indicated satisfactory results in the control of many susceptible forms, such as: MyrioQhyllgm-sp., Cabornba sp., Elode~ sp., Nymphaea sp., Nupher sp., Luclwigia,sp., Trapa sp., (4,5,7,9,11,12). . While Silvex and Granular 2,4-D appear to be effectivu against a wice range of species, nearly all repo~ts indicate their ineffectiveness in the control of pond weeds, Potamogeton sp. Since this 'species and other highly resistant forms, play an important role in thE ;co10gy of a weed infested pond, their control is cvns Lder-od to be highly desirable. Flanagan (1960) reported excellent control was obtained of Potamogeton ap , with Sinliazine at 3.0 ppm. (3). A progress report on the usc of Aqua Ld.n' Herbicide by Green (1960) LndLcat ed that subm,~rged anc floating forms appoared to be susceptible to this chamical (6). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of certain herbicides for use iri the control of aquatic vegetation, with particular reference to species of Potamogeton sp.
533. prWCEDUltB Thu chcn Lc aLa tvstuc. in this study w~r~ a s follows: ~qunlin, Endothal, Estcron 99, M-184S, M-1847, Silvcx 4L, nn~ Sdrna z Ln c , The active ingr0G.it.:nts a nd vt.ho sOU:::'Cl.::of thc;sc formulations are found in Table I. Tl.BLE I l'.CTIVE INGREDIENT SOURCE AQUALIN ~crolcin, aeryla~ehydc, Shell 2, propenol BNDOTH1L Disodium 3,6 Encoxohexa Pennsalt hyc!rophthalato M-1845 LiquiL salt of Silvcx; 2-(2,4, Dow 5-Triehlorophenoxy) Propionic acid H·-1847 Granular salt of Silvvx Dow 2, (2,4,5-Triehloropncnoxy) Propionic Clcid ESTERON 99 2,4-Dicitrochlorophcnoxy Dow l\cetic acid SILVEX 4L 2(2,4,5-Triehloroph~noxy) Chipman Propionic acid, Iso-oetyl 0stcr ' SIMAZINE (2-Chloro-4-6 bis ethylaoino) G
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THE USE OF VEGETATIVECHARACTERISTIC
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In a few grasses with smooth sheath
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5. FACTORSINFLUEUCINGTHE PERFORFANC
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7. The introduction of synthetic or
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The com;onents the distribution of
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grains. We early found that the oat
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13. Atrazine Days following cpm/O.
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15. not find an abundant production
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Weed Control In Suburbia 1 Howard H
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For establishing new lawns, I would
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Any improvement that you can make i
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PROMISINGNEWCHEMICALSFORWEEDCONTROL
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25. Promis ins results have also be
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27. (Lycbnis alba), cinquefoil (Pot
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THE EFFECTS OF ADDED PENETRANT AIDS
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... Surfactant Produced bz: . 31
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33. 33. of scintillation solution,
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Table 3. The Net Counts Per Minute
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The comparisons for lower leaves, s
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39. SUMMARY Tests using 2-C 14-1abe
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41. RECENTDEVELOPMENTS IN THEUSE OF
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second application be made not late
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45. Combinations of vegadex-Randox
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11/ Persistence of Soil-Incorporate
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Plot size varied from 9 sq. ft. to
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Lower rates of R-1856 were tested o
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greenhouse tests are listed below.
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PROGRESSREPORTON LAY-BYUEEDCONTROLI
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57. Table 1. Effect of sodium silic
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Sheets (1959) studied, under labora
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M, ',. • • •• • " ' Treat
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Figure 1. Relative performance trea
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A duplicate test was started August
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67. "he two tests which dealt with
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69. CONTROLOF WEEDSIN VEGETABLECROP
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71.' TABLE 3. RESPONSE OF VEGETABLE
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73. COHBIltit.TloNS' OF cnu:'PITH C
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75. Results The delay in applicatio
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77. Summary Logarithmic, tank-mixed
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(' ( ( Table 1 Rates and Dates of H
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( ( ( Table 3 Effect of Post-Tran~l
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( ( ( Table 5 Effect of Lay-By Herb
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Chemical Weed Control Charles J. No
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Table I. Weed control, plant stand,
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Table 1 - Table Beets Pre-plant; Pr
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91. Chemical Weed Control in Onions
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93. Table I. l;ced control, plant s
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95. Results Survey Table I of Hando
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97. Weed counts were made 3 weeks a
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99. Third applications were made on
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1t1. ~ata - Onion stand counts, wee
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The data in table 2 gives the signi
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The following effects were noted. 1
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PRE-fREATINGSOILS, APOSSIBLE.TECfiN
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· 109. Table 2. The influence of d
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..... 11 ... - Progress Report on W
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113. fndothal as a pre-planting inc
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115~ Table 3. Mean markebab l.e 9£
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1170 Chemical Weed Control Charles
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119. Table I .. Weed contrOl! plant
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121. '- The stand of plants of bo
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123. Table II. Weed control stand a
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EFFECTOF SEVERALHERBICIDESONEARLYYI
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Table 2. Calcula.ted ecre yields of
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129. - Treatment Average weight per
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-- The herbicides were applied on J
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133. Table 2. Effect of pre-plant h
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- 135. Dim tro for Weed Control in
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PJ,OORESSREPORT:ON.:WEEJhCGNTROL IN
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- Simazine 2 and 2 1/2 lb./A and at
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141. Results - .l2.22 Table 2 shows
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- !!!! Applications 143. The plots
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145. Conclusions ADexperiment carri
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147. Residual herbicide activity wa
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- Table 1. Herbicides and Rates Use
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~ __ ( ( ( Table 3. WeedControl on
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153. TreatiD§ Established Hemlock
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155. flowering and growth in the sp
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157. Table 2. Pansy Weed Control (P
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1590 Table 3. Herbicides Used on Tu
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------- -------------_._------ ..
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'. 163. In .Table 3 Co.mpariS01'U$
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1.65. "'-" Ia.!!l.! ! __!ind_a!!,d_
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167. Maleic Hydrazide for Weed Cont
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169. 1. Dana, M. N. Sensitive Fern
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171. -' Table 1. Amino triazole res
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1730 Additiona! apple .,samples wer
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more consistently effective than 5
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177. HUBICIDES roll YOUNGAPPLE TUES
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--. Table I. Treatments No. Materia
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Table 1 -Effect of Granular Formula
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iss. BVAWATIONor rIVE HEIBICIDES 10
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PROGRESSREPORT'ON WEEDCONTROL IN CA
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"'- Table' 1. Herbicide,s Used inCa
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189. Tabl\7 5. Rating ot BroodIest
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WEEDGONTROLIN SWBE:rCORNWITHDACTHAL
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D. FlantinB A!Plication of Thiolcar
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Table 2. Rainfall, Monmouth, Maine
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197. Table 4. rercent> Broadlear We
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1-. . " Table 6. Percent Broad1eaf
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'\) 0' ,.... • ( ( ( Table 9. Y
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ANNUALWEEDCONTROLIN POTATOESWITHDNB
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·205. Percen t Woad Can trol ·196
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, r t"
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Table 5. Annual Broadleaf Weed Cont
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211. Table 9. Effect of fast-Emerge
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2130 Conclusion There are quite a n
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SOMERESEARCHANDWEEDCONTROL METHODS
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-- ,,"I. ,'~; "... TABLEII. EFFECTO
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( ( ( - -~. , ~ ._w ~~ "PlOOl:tB21.
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'-~ With respect to asparagus. howe
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, 1 ,WEEDCONTROLIN ClaTAIN VlGBTABL
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225 • r '.,':' .TABU: ~~ ... ,WEE
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227 • . TABLEIV' -' WEED CONTROJ.
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2290 'of.' .'J • ~ : ~. ... :.' "
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231. Conclusions The results publis
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possibility of too severe thinning
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PRE-EMERGENCEWEEDCONTROLTN ceRN s,
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INCORPORATED ANDUNINCORPORATED·LIQ
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( ( ( Table 1. Weed Control Ratings
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at both weed rating dates at Newark
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DNBP - Zytron Mixture for Weed Cont
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~ •• 245. ·Res~1~8 fr.o.George
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247. Weed Control in Soybeans with
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249, EFFECTOF HERBICIDESONSEEDPRODU
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251. TABLE3. EFFECTSOF APPLICATIONS
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253. almost a week, with treatment
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( ( ( , Table 1. Effects of Various
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Table 3. anal.ysi.s of Soil l,esidu
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Results and Discussion ;llien the f
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4. Immediate treattlent injury to t
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( ( ( Table n. :'.!:sti.Jl'ated.'er
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have very littla real II'+eaningas
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267. Table 2. Pre-emergence crabgra
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269 • ..., : Table 1.. 1960, Rain
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271. Chlordane must be used at rate
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u • 2 ( ( ( t Table 3. Effect of
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275. Table 5. Effect. of preemergen
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277. In one area, the old turf was
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279. following application. The hig
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2$1. The standard date of applicati
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Table 2. Effect of season of applyi
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L 1-l34B9 ,Jiphenyllactelonitrile o
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287. Halts F-24, Halts F-26, Halts
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POST-.EJ.iEhGENCE CONThOLOF CIiABGI
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,veedone at 4 pounds of tL.cl per a
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( ( ( Table I. Post-Emergence Contr
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• •• ., .. • •• ',' •
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297. compatible with grub-proofing
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299, Diphenatrile Results During th
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301. tentative generic name triflur
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- 1 PRE-ENERGENCE CRABGRASS CONTROL
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Discussion 30; • a) Pre-emergence
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307. TABLEI -- Comparison of Produc
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-' Table II (can't) 309. Stand of S
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312. THEEFFECTIVENESSOF COMBINATION
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314. Table 2. Stand Counts and Sile
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316. planted control before these h
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Table II. The control of quackgrass
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320. growing season in the 1957-59
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322. Table I Main Effects of Cultur
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324. Atrazine by September 10 when
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326. Another effect of Atrazine tha
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32S. Amitrol-T was intermediate in
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Qolumn Separation: Cellulose. A 24
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332, Figure -I. Chromatogram of qua
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334. PRELIMINARYRESULTSONTHE USE OF
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336. DATEOF BERRYHARVESTAS IT AFFEC
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within three inches of the soIl sur
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340 .. The growth ra.te of Horse ne
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342. dish containing ten seeds bet\
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344. is not a factor in in It is
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346 • .Absornt:j.Qn Qn Exchange R
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348. The' chrona tog ram."WaS first
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350. PROGRESSREPORTON A STUDYOF THE
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352. 7. Fluctuating warm and cold w
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354. A clos.e correlation was found
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356. 1 THE ANATOMICAL NATUREO:BTHE
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358. The 2,4,5-TP was most effectiv
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Table I. Effect. of Pre-emergence T
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INTRODUCIIOB: THEEFFECTOF WEEDCOMPE
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1";. 1958 JFab1e I (cont ' d) Treat
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366. fiE USE OF FENACFOR QUACKGRASS
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36$. SUMMARY: Based on a I).umber o
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- Table 1. Chemicals and Rates Used
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372. On spring plowed plots I where
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Table 1. Treat.ments Used and Stand
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37t. PRELIMINARYRESULTSONTHE CONTRO
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378. CHEMICAL TREATMENTS FORTHECONT
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Table ;. Visual RatiDgs and Stand C
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ANN11AL WEEDCONTROL IN SILAGECORN1
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TABLEI. field Corn tiead Control an
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Sunderiand,' Mass..Experiment: In t
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) ) BBLB I. QuackgT88S Control in F
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TABLEIII. Quackgr888 Control in Fie
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392. herbicides. In senerel."we.had
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394. RESULTS§e PISCUSSION In Augus
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396. WHATHAPPENS TO PHENOXYHERBICID
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D. TASTEAND ODORSTUDIES Taste and o
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herbicides produces aquantit.at.ive
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4('2. • A DECADEOF BRUSHCONl'ROL
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areas, fre1.uently the crews l'UIrL
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406. During June and July 1959 a pr
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408. Numerous chemicals have been u
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" A Progress Report on Urab * Brush
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412.
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414. Urab is an effective chemical
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416. application. Atrazine has a wa
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418. COMPARISONOF TECHNIQUESANDSPEC
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Table I - Results of chemicals appl
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422. Results and Discussion Data fr
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424. THE CONNECTICUT ARBORETUM RIGH
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426. (Kalmia angustifolia) ,huckleb
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42$. TABLEI (cont'd.) Technique For
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43". by Leonard and Crafts (15) mos
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432. awareness of the need for good
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434. RECOMMENDAT:I"'NS FOR THE USE
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436. The recommended materials for
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438. NATURALANDSCAJ:'ING WITHHERBIC
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440. STATEHIGHWAYHERBICIDE POLICIES
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442. There is a matter of judgment
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444. DATAON STATEHIGHWAYHERBICIDE P
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446. ROADSIDEBRUSHCONTROLWIM PHENOX
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446. Spraying begins in Connecticut
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Basal applications can be applied e
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452. UMASSACHUSETTS PROGRESSREPORTO
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45,4. Again, since the solution is
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456. Statistics In 1959, the low bi
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458. formation of seed heads. It wa
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460. In our northern division, we c
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462. '. 1. A. 200 ga'l Lons of' wat
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METHODSOF SMIJPLING RAG.hfEED POLLS
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counted. ThJ grqins m~y ba st~inad
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468. slide moved across the orifi~e
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470. INTERIMREPORTONAQUATICWEEDCONT
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,.' f'inal retJuJ.t was that the us
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474. taste and odor problems. The a
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476. AQUATIC'J1ElID.CONTJ3.,OL '65~
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478. For example: Imagine, if you:
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enefit of those both us1ng the wate
Page 482 and 483: • • of ,-, "",jqc. '\:':' ',:,;
Page 484 and 485: ~ '. r; I ' ':'.' ~, ',;' '.'. 1·"
Page 486 and 487: 486. weeds increased the food 4.3 t
Page 488 and 489: ..; . " .," .. ,', oontro..lbe ·oo
Page 490 and 491: 490. Idee1ly these woUld coVer' foo
Page 492 and 493: 4')2. Literatm-o Cit~: Biolog:$,cal
Page 494 and 495: 494. SYSt.:Clil ..:ne sp:aying cont
Page 496 and 497: 496. 0ll'l;ljing, &hluL ..l V,~l"Y
Page 498 and 499: etween our sprayine=. operatdons an
Page 500 and 501: 500. loblolly pine existed iii quat
Page 502 and 503: 502. 'j' " Using results for all ou
Page 504 and 505: cut over several year. ,b.elozoe.·
Page 506 and 507: 506. HARJJ.rlOOD CONTROL WITHMIST B
Page 508 and 509: 508. distance was achieved. All sub
Page 510 and 511: 510. Hardwood oontrol within the li
Page 512 and 513: • J ". 512. ~ ., and the weather
Page 514 and 515: ) ) ) '.. . . hble). EffectbeneBB o
Page 516 and 517: 516. HERBICIDf;TECHNIQUE.:> ,FORTn-
Page 518 and 519: 518. The possibility o:rusing contr
Page 520 and 521: 520 • . However, the capacity of
Page 522 and 523: 522. This is followed by planting i
Page 524 and 525: 524. AQJJATICWEEDCONTROLANDRELATEDP
Page 526 and 527: 526. findings we increased the amou
Page 528 and 529: 52e. There is a constant reinfectio
Page 530 and 531: 530. in 1960 the Potamogeton re-app
Page 534 and 535: 534. It· was tht.;n necessary to d
Page 536 and 537: 536. l.qunlin Hcrbici(.l(; pr-ove-d
Page 538 and 539: ;538. P.EFEP..ENCES 1. ijOSCIlETTI,
Page 540 and 541: 540. The oontrol plot was ohosen so
Page 542 and 543: 542. The dissolved oxygen content r
Page 544 and 545: 544. Summary 1. Six experimental pl
Page 546 and 547: 546. A PRELIMINARYREPORTON THE EFFE
Page 548 and 549: that either slow chemical hydrolysi
Page 550 and 551: 550. In July of 1959 funds were mad
Page 552 and 553: 552. The barge was run at ~ speed o
Page 554 and 555: 554. areas successfully treated in
Page 556 and 557: 556. pick~rel spawning suacess but
Page 558 and 559: Control of the Pondweed. Potamogeto
Page 560 and 561: 560. THE ABSORPTIONANDMETABOLISMOF
Page 562 and 563: 562. in controlling weeds in ponds
Page 564 and 565: CommonName WEEDSCONTROLLED ANDAQUAT
Page 566 and 567: 566. PROGRESS-R!PORT·ON CONTltOLOF
Page 568 and 569: 568. Herbicides used for these stud
Page 570 and 571: 570. StHtARy Invasion of Eurasian v
Page 572 and 573: AUTHORINDEX(continued) ~ King, -Ken
Page 574 and 575: S/I/pg.2 Dinitro (DNOSBP) •• 11
Page 576: S/I/4 SUBJECTINDEX{corrt Lnued ) S/
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Vol. 15â1961 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society