Vol. 15â1961 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society
Vol. 15â1961 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society Vol. 15â1961 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society
520 • . However, the capacity of the mist blowers to apply the same 5 gallon per acre volume as the aircraft to understor,y canopies up to 30' in height has virtually _eliminated the need for aerial application on smaller areas of acc~ssible terrain(3) (15) • ~ounted onD-4 or John Deere 440 tractors these blowers· can negotiate .dense bruah ',and suprisin~ly rough terrain. Portable backpack l;lIowersareideal for spot treatment or fortreat1Dg areas just a few acreadn size • .' . ,Two ~unds 9f low volatil~e.,&terof 2,4",-Tin 2 quarts of oU and 4 gallons of .vater are- used through. the blQ'wers. Costs are generally equal to those encountered in aerial, application.' In respect to timing~ -chemical, c.arrie.r andvol'l,Ulle, ,the rec.onne.Mations for mist blowing are identical to . , '. t.Qose for. aerial application.' . , . . . . . . BefQ,re leaving the sUbjel:?tof foliage. application, mention should be msde of the problem afdrift aM :whatis being done about it. Drift to susceptible crops in the Northeastern area is an ~~r present hazard in forest spraying by ~elicop~r or. mis:tbldWe,:r.. ," " , . . -. I~ re~~rit.years :consi4.erable .research 'has(oe~n .(lQ~ )on the thicker, more VJ.aCOUsinve.rt.emul~J.ons i~P con~l~hisdrift 2H10) \.1:.1. Applied byhelicQP~r: ''tllI'Pugh the.special cent,rifugal disc developed for. invert emulsion spraiiPg,.· ac'Ol''la~detaP+~~duc~ion in drift over that experienced with convent19r-a;'l aen,al:. ·SPrfiy':',e.mulsionshas. been obtained. In.aerial application, where 'the~ is. qanger ~6~, ~ril't the: invert emulsions Of 2,4,5-T at 2 pounds perac:reitl 5~ gallansvollime per acre can be used" but with the clear ' realization that no formulation is a'substitute for good commonsense'in lienal application.~o .lJ.ot use ~he inv~rt emulsions in winds,' over 5 mph, and .' elnJ?loy,aerial applic~tQr.S~~. have had ex~rience flying these emulsions • . stay downWind.from qrop~ and ;leaye buffer s~rips between sprayed areas and crop land. ".' . " .Equipment has not yet'be~n deve~oped fo~ applying the invert emulsion through mist bloWers •. Inverts are not reoommendedfor use in this equipment at this time. The use of airoraftor mist blowers to apply foliage sprays is confined ),$rge.ly:t,ocponifer r.e~~asework..,Selec.tive weed tree control in the hardwood fores'tsot tpe nor:theast'cannotbe .~ with. overall foliage applications, beQause our.·,most. vallUlble hardwoods are ldlled.or severely damaged by even ~h~rl()H,estf~11ies'"of2~4 •.?~T. Atpres.ent" there are no herbicides commercially .,vai.lable .tbat w,hen applied,.as, fDliase sprayS'f'avor one hardwood sp~cies owr another. However" in our ,c1lt ,sqr!a~ trea~ents which include frUling, gi~irig and tree,inject~ we have individual ,tree t:reatnents whic~ are economicalto Use,inweedingh,~ood as well as conifer stands. C. .mILLING AND GIFJ)LOO For years" frilling and girdling trees by use of the axe and girdling mach.1neshas been a standardpracticre in t~northea,st. 2,4,5-T at 20-40 ,poUnds per 100 gall.ons of d1es~loil solutio1'.l has been applied to these cut ".~ia~s•. SodiUDiarsenite has also been used extensiv:ely, butd~ to its toxicity i.t has gradually l?eenreplacedby 2,,4,5-T. :Kills of ..90%0r better can be expected on most weed tree. s~eies found in the northeast by frilling or girdling'and treating ,with 2,4,5~T.. . ,
· 521. HOt'l1ever"where more than a rew hundred stems per acre must be treated a more rapid and cheaper ~tho.d that is gaininp in popularity in other sections of the country is to' use the tree injector. 1). T,iliE Il\lJLCrING ~~st tree injectors are hollow cylinder tools about four feet long, with a· cutting bit in one end. Either hand. operated or automatic triggering mechanisms for releasing the chemical into the cut made by ~he bit are used. The injector is thrown at the base of a tree at an angle .0£ approximately 600 with the ground. Injections are spaced around the base .of the tree at 1.5 to 2 inch intervals. Trees from.l inch to ten inches in diameter are best sui ted to this treatment. A solution of 20 pounds of 2,4,S-T low volatile ester, or more recently, .. the combination of 2,4-D/2,4,5-T at this r 9te h~ve given 95% kills of oak, : .hickory, cherry, maple and related specie sU3)(lO}. Care must be used in making certain that the injections penetrate through the cambium layer of the tree and into the inner wood. Failure to train tree injector crews in this one technique can result in very poor resul ta. Over 10,000 of these tree injectors have been sold to foresters in this country. One commercial company in the south has treated over 20,000 acres with tree injectors at a cost of approximately $lQ.OO per acre. This was on land where up to 2000 stems per acre were treatedO). In addition to being ideally suited to the weeding of hardwood stands where individual stem treatment must be used tree injecting is also the most effective treatment we have for species that are hard to kil~ by foliage sprays, such as maple, ash and beech (Fagus grandifolia). This technique may be used at any time of the year. E. BASALSFRAYS Basal spraying of small weed tree stems less than 1 inch in diameter is a technique employed by some forest companies. The technique is slightly different than that commonly used on utility rights-of-way. Rather than wetting the bottom 12-18 inches of the stem, only the root collar zone is wet to run-off in forest operations. Backpack sprayers equipped with three foot extension wands are used. Pressures are kept very low, so that material barely flows through the nozzle. Twelve to sixteen pounds of 2,4,5-T or 2,4-D and 2,4,,5-T per 100 gallons of diesel oil may be used. This treatment is effective at any time of the year, but requires careful supervision to insure that enough material is applied to obtain a good kill. F. Cmlffili'JATIONThEATI1ENTS No one of these herbicide application techniques will solve all the weed tree problems in northeastern forests. Most forest companies have found that '- their most effective control programs involve combinations of these techniques. For example, a very effective program in the southeast today consists of summer treatroonts with the tractor mounted mist blower to kill back understory brush up to 30 feet in height.
- Page 470 and 471: 470. INTERIMREPORTONAQUATICWEEDCONT
- Page 472 and 473: ,.' f'inal retJuJ.t was that the us
- Page 474 and 475: 474. taste and odor problems. The a
- Page 476 and 477: 476. AQUATIC'J1ElID.CONTJ3.,OL '65~
- Page 478 and 479: 478. For example: Imagine, if you:
- Page 480 and 481: enefit of those both us1ng the wate
- Page 482 and 483: • • of ,-, "",jqc. '\:':' ',:,;
- Page 484 and 485: ~ '. r; I ' ':'.' ~, ',;' '.'. 1·"
- Page 486 and 487: 486. weeds increased the food 4.3 t
- Page 488 and 489: ..; . " .," .. ,', oontro..lbe ·oo
- Page 490 and 491: 490. Idee1ly these woUld coVer' foo
- Page 492 and 493: 4')2. Literatm-o Cit~: Biolog:$,cal
- Page 494 and 495: 494. SYSt.:Clil ..:ne sp:aying cont
- Page 496 and 497: 496. 0ll'l;ljing, &hluL ..l V,~l"Y
- Page 498 and 499: etween our sprayine=. operatdons an
- Page 500 and 501: 500. loblolly pine existed iii quat
- Page 502 and 503: 502. 'j' " Using results for all ou
- Page 504 and 505: cut over several year. ,b.elozoe.·
- Page 506 and 507: 506. HARJJ.rlOOD CONTROL WITHMIST B
- Page 508 and 509: 508. distance was achieved. All sub
- Page 510 and 511: 510. Hardwood oontrol within the li
- Page 512 and 513: • J ". 512. ~ ., and the weather
- Page 514 and 515: ) ) ) '.. . . hble). EffectbeneBB o
- Page 516 and 517: 516. HERBICIDf;TECHNIQUE.:> ,FORTn-
- Page 518 and 519: 518. The possibility o:rusing contr
- Page 522 and 523: 522. This is followed by planting i
- Page 524 and 525: 524. AQJJATICWEEDCONTROLANDRELATEDP
- Page 526 and 527: 526. findings we increased the amou
- Page 528 and 529: 52e. There is a constant reinfectio
- Page 530 and 531: 530. in 1960 the Potamogeton re-app
- Page 532 and 533: 532. PROGRESSREPORT ON THE FIELD TE
- Page 534 and 535: 534. It· was tht.;n necessary to d
- Page 536 and 537: 536. l.qunlin Hcrbici(.l(; pr-ove-d
- Page 538 and 539: ;538. P.EFEP..ENCES 1. ijOSCIlETTI,
- Page 540 and 541: 540. The oontrol plot was ohosen so
- Page 542 and 543: 542. The dissolved oxygen content r
- Page 544 and 545: 544. Summary 1. Six experimental pl
- Page 546 and 547: 546. A PRELIMINARYREPORTON THE EFFE
- Page 548 and 549: that either slow chemical hydrolysi
- Page 550 and 551: 550. In July of 1959 funds were mad
- Page 552 and 553: 552. The barge was run at ~ speed o
- Page 554 and 555: 554. areas successfully treated in
- Page 556 and 557: 556. pick~rel spawning suacess but
- Page 558 and 559: Control of the Pondweed. Potamogeto
- Page 560 and 561: 560. THE ABSORPTIONANDMETABOLISMOF
- Page 562 and 563: 562. in controlling weeds in ponds
- Page 564 and 565: CommonName WEEDSCONTROLLED ANDAQUAT
- Page 566 and 567: 566. PROGRESS-R!PORT·ON CONTltOLOF
- Page 568 and 569: 568. Herbicides used for these stud
520 •<br />
. However, the capacity of the mist blowers to apply the same 5 gallon per<br />
acre volume as the aircraft to understor,y canopies up to 30' in height has<br />
virtually _eliminated the need for aerial application on smaller areas of<br />
acc~ssible terrain(3) (15) • ~ounted onD-4 or John Deere 440 tractors these<br />
blowers· can negotiate .dense bruah ',and suprisin~ly rough terrain. Portable<br />
backpack l;lIowersareideal for spot treatment or fortreat1Dg areas just a<br />
few acreadn size •<br />
.' . ,Two ~unds 9f low volatil~e.,&terof 2,4",-Tin 2 quarts of oU and 4<br />
gallons of .vater are- used through. the blQ'wers. Costs are generally equal to<br />
those encountered in aerial, application.' In respect to timing~ -chemical,<br />
c.arrie.r andvol'l,Ulle, ,the rec.onne.Mations for mist blowing are identical to . ,<br />
'. t.Qose for. aerial application.' . ,<br />
. . . . . .<br />
BefQ,re leaving the sUbjel:?tof foliage. application, mention should be msde<br />
of the problem afdrift aM :whatis being done about it. Drift to susceptible<br />
crops in the Northeastern area is an ~~r present hazard in forest spraying by<br />
~elicop~r or. mis:tbldWe,:r.. ," " , .<br />
. -. I~ re~~rit.years :consi4.erable .research 'has(oe~n .(lQ~ )on the thicker, more<br />
VJ.aCOUsinve.rt.emul~J.ons i~P con~l~hisdrift 2H10) \.1:.1. Applied byhelicQP~r:<br />
''tllI'Pugh the.special cent,rifugal disc developed for. invert emulsion<br />
spraiiPg,.· ac'Ol''la~detaP+~~duc~ion in drift over that experienced with convent19r-a;'l<br />
aen,al:. ·SPrfiy':',e.mulsionshas. been obtained. In.aerial application,<br />
where 'the~ is. qanger ~6~, ~ril't the: invert emulsions Of 2,4,5-T at 2 pounds<br />
perac:reitl 5~ gallansvollime per acre can be used" but with the clear '<br />
realization that no formulation is a'substitute for good commonsense'in<br />
lienal application.~o .lJ.ot use ~he inv~rt emulsions in winds,' over 5 mph, and<br />
.' elnJ?loy,aerial applic~tQr.S~~. have had ex~rience flying these emulsions •<br />
. stay downWind.from qrop~ and ;leaye buffer s~rips between sprayed areas and<br />
crop land. ".'<br />
. " .Equipment has not yet'be~n deve~oped fo~ applying the invert emulsion<br />
through mist bloWers •. Inverts are not reoommendedfor use in this equipment<br />
at this time.<br />
The use of airoraftor mist blowers to apply foliage sprays is confined<br />
),$rge.ly:t,ocponifer r.e~~asework..,Selec.tive weed tree control in the hardwood<br />
fores'tsot tpe nor:theast'cannotbe .~ with. overall foliage applications,<br />
beQause our.·,most. vallUlble hardwoods are ldlled.or severely damaged by even<br />
~h~rl()H,estf~11ies'"of2~4 •.?~T. Atpres.ent" there are no herbicides commercially<br />
.,vai.lable .tbat w,hen applied,.as, fDliase sprayS'f'avor one hardwood sp~cies owr<br />
another. However" in our ,c1lt ,sqr!a~ trea~ents which include frUling,<br />
gi~irig and tree,inject~ we have individual ,tree t:reatnents whic~ are economicalto<br />
Use,inweedingh,~ood as well as conifer stands.<br />
C. .mILLING AND GIFJ)LOO<br />
For years" frilling and girdling trees by use of the axe and girdling<br />
mach.1neshas been a standardpracticre in t~northea,st. 2,4,5-T at 20-40<br />
,poUnds per 100 gall.ons of d1es~loil solutio1'.l has been applied to these cut<br />
".~ia~s•. SodiUDiarsenite has also been used extensiv:ely, butd~ to its<br />
toxicity i.t has gradually l?eenreplacedby 2,,4,5-T. :Kills of ..90%0r better<br />
can be expected on most weed tree. s~eies found in the northeast by frilling<br />
or girdling'and treating ,with 2,4,5~T.. . ,
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