Vol. 15â1961 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society

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516. HERBICIDf;TECHNIQUE.:> ,FORTn-mElt STANDIMi1iOVE.N1"NT , John 'H. Kirch l , The pr:in'lary purpose of a herb~cid~ program inforest& is to weed the forest of undesirable treescq~t~ fot'the, light" mois~ure and nutrient requirements of the ,more (lesirablespecies., , "We have only begun to realiae the potential vaiue of herbicj,des as tools in forest management. 'About 489,OOO,OOOa9res, or ,one-fourth of the' tQta:l. land area of the United States, is classed as commercial forest land(l).· On nearly all of this land, at some time, in the tre~ crop rotation, silvicul tural weeding withherbicides. can be employed to advantage. " There are fO'tlr' broad forest areas in. this countTy where herbici
517. The presence of both hardwood and conifer forests in the area, and the intermixing of the two on many sites make blanket prescriptions for weed tree control almost impossible. Each area must be carefully studied and a prescription written that will favor the most valuable species for the site. In all four sections of the count~, our objective as foresters is to !Srow the tree species best suited to the site. We should never allow ourselves to be misled into thinking that our objective in using herbicides is to kill trees rather than to grow them. We cannot kill all undesirable weed trees in a forest any more than a farmer can kill every weed in his corn, wheat or soybean field. Yet, this does not stop the farmer from using 30,000,000 pounds of 2,4-D every year to double and triple his yields. Regardless of whether we are using chemicals or some mechanical method of release or site preparation, weed trees will return and will always be with us. But, like the farmer, we can increase yields by obtaining a degree of control with these mechanical and chemical methods. As many forest managers have expressed it, we can buy a few critical years freedom from weed tree competition to release our tree crop. With the specific goal of growing trees clearly in mind, let us consider the tools that are available and the techniques that sho1i promise for controlling weed trees, particularly in the Northeastern area. There is some confusion today on the subjects of weeding for site preparation and weeding for release in regeneration work. Generally speaking, our best chemical tool 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic aCid, is not the best answer for site preparation on areas supporting dense stands of hard to kill species such as red maple (Acer rub rum) , ash (Fraxinus spp.), water oak (Quercus nigra), laurel (KaIiiiia latifolia) and rhododendron (Rhododendron maximum). Even if we could kill these species with 2,4,5-T at a per acre rate that the value of the tree crop grown on the land could justify, the dead stems would still be so thick that planting would be difficult and costly. If direct seeding is to be used, herbicides do nothing toward preparing a seedbed. In order for herbicides to be used successfully as a site preparation measure, the underbrush should be made up predominantly of susceptible species such as alder, hazel, gum (Nyssa sylvatica), oak, hickory (Carya spp.), cher~ (l.'runus serotina) and birch (Betula spps ) and should be sparse enough for easy planting. A cheaper approach in the long run to regenerating these dense thickets of difficult to kill species may be to mechanically clear them with bulldozers equipped with ItKG"blades. Clearing by this method costs from sixteen to twenty-five dollars per acre, but if the land, due to location or high site index, is valuable and must be returned to production the cost may be justjfied. Clearing in strips, or clearing without windrowing and. burning are means of reducing the cost of mechanical clearing. You do not need to create a park-' like condition for trees to grow.
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THE USE OF VEGETATIVECHARACTERISTIC
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In a few grasses with smooth sheath
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5. FACTORSINFLUEUCINGTHE PERFORFANC
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7. The introduction of synthetic or
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The com;onents the distribution of
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grains. We early found that the oat
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13. Atrazine Days following cpm/O.
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15. not find an abundant production
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Weed Control In Suburbia 1 Howard H
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For establishing new lawns, I would
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Any improvement that you can make i
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PROMISINGNEWCHEMICALSFORWEEDCONTROL
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25. Promis ins results have also be
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27. (Lycbnis alba), cinquefoil (Pot
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THE EFFECTS OF ADDED PENETRANT AIDS
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... Surfactant Produced bz: . 31
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33. 33. of scintillation solution,
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Table 3. The Net Counts Per Minute
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The comparisons for lower leaves, s
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39. SUMMARY Tests using 2-C 14-1abe
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41. RECENTDEVELOPMENTS IN THEUSE OF
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second application be made not late
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45. Combinations of vegadex-Randox
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11/ Persistence of Soil-Incorporate
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Plot size varied from 9 sq. ft. to
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Lower rates of R-1856 were tested o
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greenhouse tests are listed below.
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PROGRESSREPORTON LAY-BYUEEDCONTROLI
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57. Table 1. Effect of sodium silic
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Sheets (1959) studied, under labora
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M, ',. • • •• • " ' Treat
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Figure 1. Relative performance trea
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A duplicate test was started August
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67. "he two tests which dealt with
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69. CONTROLOF WEEDSIN VEGETABLECROP
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71.' TABLE 3. RESPONSE OF VEGETABLE
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73. COHBIltit.TloNS' OF cnu:'PITH C
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75. Results The delay in applicatio
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77. Summary Logarithmic, tank-mixed
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(' ( ( Table 1 Rates and Dates of H
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( ( ( Table 3 Effect of Post-Tran~l
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( ( ( Table 5 Effect of Lay-By Herb
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Chemical Weed Control Charles J. No
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Table I. Weed control, plant stand,
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Table 1 - Table Beets Pre-plant; Pr
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91. Chemical Weed Control in Onions
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93. Table I. l;ced control, plant s
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95. Results Survey Table I of Hando
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97. Weed counts were made 3 weeks a
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99. Third applications were made on
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1t1. ~ata - Onion stand counts, wee
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The data in table 2 gives the signi
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The following effects were noted. 1
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PRE-fREATINGSOILS, APOSSIBLE.TECfiN
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· 109. Table 2. The influence of d
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..... 11 ... - Progress Report on W
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113. fndothal as a pre-planting inc
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115~ Table 3. Mean markebab l.e 9£
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1170 Chemical Weed Control Charles
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119. Table I .. Weed contrOl! plant
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121. '- The stand of plants of bo
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123. Table II. Weed control stand a
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EFFECTOF SEVERALHERBICIDESONEARLYYI
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Table 2. Calcula.ted ecre yields of
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129. - Treatment Average weight per
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-- The herbicides were applied on J
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133. Table 2. Effect of pre-plant h
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- 135. Dim tro for Weed Control in
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PJ,OORESSREPORT:ON.:WEEJhCGNTROL IN
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- Simazine 2 and 2 1/2 lb./A and at
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141. Results - .l2.22 Table 2 shows
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- !!!! Applications 143. The plots
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145. Conclusions ADexperiment carri
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147. Residual herbicide activity wa
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- Table 1. Herbicides and Rates Use
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~ __ ( ( ( Table 3. WeedControl on
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153. TreatiD§ Established Hemlock
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155. flowering and growth in the sp
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157. Table 2. Pansy Weed Control (P
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1590 Table 3. Herbicides Used on Tu
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------- -------------_._------ ..
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'. 163. In .Table 3 Co.mpariS01'U$
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1.65. "'-" Ia.!!l.! ! __!ind_a!!,d_
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167. Maleic Hydrazide for Weed Cont
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169. 1. Dana, M. N. Sensitive Fern
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171. -' Table 1. Amino triazole res
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1730 Additiona! apple .,samples wer
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more consistently effective than 5
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177. HUBICIDES roll YOUNGAPPLE TUES
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--. Table I. Treatments No. Materia
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Table 1 -Effect of Granular Formula
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iss. BVAWATIONor rIVE HEIBICIDES 10
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PROGRESSREPORT'ON WEEDCONTROL IN CA
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"'- Table' 1. Herbicide,s Used inCa
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189. Tabl\7 5. Rating ot BroodIest
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WEEDGONTROLIN SWBE:rCORNWITHDACTHAL
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D. FlantinB A!Plication of Thiolcar
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Table 2. Rainfall, Monmouth, Maine
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197. Table 4. rercent> Broadlear We
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1-. . " Table 6. Percent Broad1eaf
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'\) 0' ,.... • ( ( ( Table 9. Y
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ANNUALWEEDCONTROLIN POTATOESWITHDNB
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·205. Percen t Woad Can trol ·196
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, r t"
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Table 5. Annual Broadleaf Weed Cont
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211. Table 9. Effect of fast-Emerge
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2130 Conclusion There are quite a n
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SOMERESEARCHANDWEEDCONTROL METHODS
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-- ,,"I. ,'~; "... TABLEII. EFFECTO
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( ( ( - -~. , ~ ._w ~~ "PlOOl:tB21.
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'-~ With respect to asparagus. howe
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, 1 ,WEEDCONTROLIN ClaTAIN VlGBTABL
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225 • r '.,':' .TABU: ~~ ... ,WEE
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227 • . TABLEIV' -' WEED CONTROJ.
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2290 'of.' .'J • ~ : ~. ... :.' "
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231. Conclusions The results publis
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possibility of too severe thinning
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PRE-EMERGENCEWEEDCONTROLTN ceRN s,
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INCORPORATED ANDUNINCORPORATED·LIQ
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( ( ( Table 1. Weed Control Ratings
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at both weed rating dates at Newark
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DNBP - Zytron Mixture for Weed Cont
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~ •• 245. ·Res~1~8 fr.o.George
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247. Weed Control in Soybeans with
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249, EFFECTOF HERBICIDESONSEEDPRODU
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251. TABLE3. EFFECTSOF APPLICATIONS
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253. almost a week, with treatment
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( ( ( , Table 1. Effects of Various
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Table 3. anal.ysi.s of Soil l,esidu
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Results and Discussion ;llien the f
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4. Immediate treattlent injury to t
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( ( ( Table n. :'.!:sti.Jl'ated.'er
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have very littla real II'+eaningas
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267. Table 2. Pre-emergence crabgra
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269 • ..., : Table 1.. 1960, Rain
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271. Chlordane must be used at rate
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u • 2 ( ( ( t Table 3. Effect of
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275. Table 5. Effect. of preemergen
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277. In one area, the old turf was
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279. following application. The hig
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2$1. The standard date of applicati
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Table 2. Effect of season of applyi
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L 1-l34B9 ,Jiphenyllactelonitrile o
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287. Halts F-24, Halts F-26, Halts
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POST-.EJ.iEhGENCE CONThOLOF CIiABGI
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,veedone at 4 pounds of tL.cl per a
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( ( ( Table I. Post-Emergence Contr
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• •• ., .. • •• ',' •
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297. compatible with grub-proofing
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299, Diphenatrile Results During th
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301. tentative generic name triflur
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- 1 PRE-ENERGENCE CRABGRASS CONTROL
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Discussion 30; • a) Pre-emergence
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307. TABLEI -- Comparison of Produc
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-' Table II (can't) 309. Stand of S
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312. THEEFFECTIVENESSOF COMBINATION
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314. Table 2. Stand Counts and Sile
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316. planted control before these h
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Table II. The control of quackgrass
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320. growing season in the 1957-59
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322. Table I Main Effects of Cultur
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324. Atrazine by September 10 when
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326. Another effect of Atrazine tha
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32S. Amitrol-T was intermediate in
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Qolumn Separation: Cellulose. A 24
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332, Figure -I. Chromatogram of qua
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334. PRELIMINARYRESULTSONTHE USE OF
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336. DATEOF BERRYHARVESTAS IT AFFEC
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within three inches of the soIl sur
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340 .. The growth ra.te of Horse ne
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342. dish containing ten seeds bet\
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344. is not a factor in in It is
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346 • .Absornt:j.Qn Qn Exchange R
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348. The' chrona tog ram."WaS first
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350. PROGRESSREPORTON A STUDYOF THE
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352. 7. Fluctuating warm and cold w
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354. A clos.e correlation was found
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356. 1 THE ANATOMICAL NATUREO:BTHE
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358. The 2,4,5-TP was most effectiv
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Table I. Effect. of Pre-emergence T
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INTRODUCIIOB: THEEFFECTOF WEEDCOMPE
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1";. 1958 JFab1e I (cont ' d) Treat
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366. fiE USE OF FENACFOR QUACKGRASS
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36$. SUMMARY: Based on a I).umber o
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- Table 1. Chemicals and Rates Used
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372. On spring plowed plots I where
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Table 1. Treat.ments Used and Stand
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37t. PRELIMINARYRESULTSONTHE CONTRO
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378. CHEMICAL TREATMENTS FORTHECONT
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Table ;. Visual RatiDgs and Stand C
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ANN11AL WEEDCONTROL IN SILAGECORN1
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TABLEI. field Corn tiead Control an
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Sunderiand,' Mass..Experiment: In t
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) ) BBLB I. QuackgT88S Control in F
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TABLEIII. Quackgr888 Control in Fie
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392. herbicides. In senerel."we.had
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394. RESULTS§e PISCUSSION In Augus
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396. WHATHAPPENS TO PHENOXYHERBICID
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D. TASTEAND ODORSTUDIES Taste and o
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herbicides produces aquantit.at.ive
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4('2. • A DECADEOF BRUSHCONl'ROL
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areas, fre1.uently the crews l'UIrL
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406. During June and July 1959 a pr
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408. Numerous chemicals have been u
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" A Progress Report on Urab * Brush
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412.
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414. Urab is an effective chemical
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416. application. Atrazine has a wa
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418. COMPARISONOF TECHNIQUESANDSPEC
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Table I - Results of chemicals appl
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422. Results and Discussion Data fr
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424. THE CONNECTICUT ARBORETUM RIGH
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426. (Kalmia angustifolia) ,huckleb
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42$. TABLEI (cont'd.) Technique For
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43". by Leonard and Crafts (15) mos
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432. awareness of the need for good
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434. RECOMMENDAT:I"'NS FOR THE USE
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436. The recommended materials for
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438. NATURALANDSCAJ:'ING WITHHERBIC
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440. STATEHIGHWAYHERBICIDE POLICIES
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442. There is a matter of judgment
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444. DATAON STATEHIGHWAYHERBICIDE P
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446. ROADSIDEBRUSHCONTROLWIM PHENOX
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446. Spraying begins in Connecticut
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Basal applications can be applied e
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452. UMASSACHUSETTS PROGRESSREPORTO
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45,4. Again, since the solution is
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456. Statistics In 1959, the low bi
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458. formation of seed heads. It wa
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460. In our northern division, we c
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462. '. 1. A. 200 ga'l Lons of' wat
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METHODSOF SMIJPLING RAG.hfEED POLLS
Page 466 and 467: counted. ThJ grqins m~y ba st~inad
Page 468 and 469: 468. slide moved across the orifi~e
Page 470 and 471: 470. INTERIMREPORTONAQUATICWEEDCONT
Page 472 and 473: ,.' f'inal retJuJ.t was that the us
Page 474 and 475: 474. taste and odor problems. The a
Page 476 and 477: 476. AQUATIC'J1ElID.CONTJ3.,OL '65~
Page 478 and 479: 478. For example: Imagine, if you:
Page 480 and 481: enefit of those both us1ng the wate
Page 482 and 483: • • of ,-, "",jqc. '\:':' ',:,;
Page 484 and 485: ~ '. r; I ' ':'.' ~, ',;' '.'. 1·"
Page 486 and 487: 486. weeds increased the food 4.3 t
Page 488 and 489: ..; . " .," .. ,', oontro..lbe ·oo
Page 490 and 491: 490. Idee1ly these woUld coVer' foo
Page 492 and 493: 4')2. Literatm-o Cit~: Biolog:$,cal
Page 494 and 495: 494. SYSt.:Clil ..:ne sp:aying cont
Page 496 and 497: 496. 0ll'l;ljing, &hluL ..l V,~l"Y
Page 498 and 499: etween our sprayine=. operatdons an
Page 500 and 501: 500. loblolly pine existed iii quat
Page 502 and 503: 502. 'j' " Using results for all ou
Page 504 and 505: cut over several year. ,b.elozoe.·
Page 506 and 507: 506. HARJJ.rlOOD CONTROL WITHMIST B
Page 508 and 509: 508. distance was achieved. All sub
Page 510 and 511: 510. Hardwood oontrol within the li
Page 512 and 513: • J ". 512. ~ ., and the weather
Page 514 and 515: ) ) ) '.. . . hble). EffectbeneBB o
Page 518 and 519: 518. The possibility o:rusing contr
Page 520 and 521: 520 • . However, the capacity of
Page 522 and 523: 522. This is followed by planting i
Page 524 and 525: 524. AQJJATICWEEDCONTROLANDRELATEDP
Page 526 and 527: 526. findings we increased the amou
Page 528 and 529: 52e. There is a constant reinfectio
Page 530 and 531: 530. in 1960 the Potamogeton re-app
Page 532 and 533: 532. PROGRESSREPORT ON THE FIELD TE
Page 534 and 535: 534. It· was tht.;n necessary to d
Page 536 and 537: 536. l.qunlin Hcrbici(.l(; pr-ove-d
Page 538 and 539: ;538. P.EFEP..ENCES 1. ijOSCIlETTI,
Page 540 and 541: 540. The oontrol plot was ohosen so
Page 542 and 543: 542. The dissolved oxygen content r
Page 544 and 545: 544. Summary 1. Six experimental pl
Page 546 and 547: 546. A PRELIMINARYREPORTON THE EFFE
Page 548 and 549: that either slow chemical hydrolysi
Page 550 and 551: 550. In July of 1959 funds were mad
Page 552 and 553: 552. The barge was run at ~ speed o
Page 554 and 555: 554. areas successfully treated in
Page 556 and 557: 556. pick~rel spawning suacess but
Page 558 and 559: Control of the Pondweed. Potamogeto
Page 560 and 561: 560. THE ABSORPTIONANDMETABOLISMOF
Page 562 and 563: 562. in controlling weeds in ponds
Page 564 and 565: CommonName WEEDSCONTROLLED ANDAQUAT
Page 566 and 567:
566. PROGRESS-R!PORT·ON CONTltOLOF
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568. Herbicides used for these stud
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570. StHtARy Invasion of Eurasian v
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AUTHORINDEX(continued) ~ King, -Ken
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S/I/pg.2 Dinitro (DNOSBP) •• 11
Page 576:
S/I/4 SUBJECTINDEX{corrt Lnued ) S/
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Vol. 15â1961 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society

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Vol. 15â1961 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society