Vol. 15â1961 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society
Vol. 15â1961 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society Vol. 15â1961 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society
500. loblolly pine existed iii quatities large, ea.ougbto:,coutitute adequate stocking providing' tbe1 4ou14'be'·nlJauc. frOll' O¥eI'COPP1n&j8114crowding hardwood competitiOn. ' .j • All spraying was done by helicopter. with SOl1l8 2.200 acres of for.st land made up of various site cODdit1OQ8 being treated. A low-volatile ester fom of 2,4,'-T was used with fuel all •• ' theca.n:ter. The _teria! ".. applied at "the. rate' of l."pouads of acid equiva1-.t 1:I'lCl.2·.S'p0uad8 of total .' solution pet' acre. . .'.':! .r ' .~ ;C . The followtaa .•..-r.,: .JuLy 19S7.aIl addit.ioaaL. 3..'SOOacr •• of stailar forest I .. were spr.,...sin -.schd14t .... III.IDaer u71D1956.- 1IIe-primary purpose of. treatt.ag-tId.a a4cl.1.t1oDal:,acreap.wu cto . ~ov14.e .' greater selection of cqoditions - for extracting' inforD8tion. aDd thereby reduce the possibility of obtaining inconclusive or misleading'results. , ... ': .....' j laseel upoD ... urecl reaulta aDd per10llic ·obs.".ti ... of.effw:ta of the· cheaaical applications in 1956 aDd 1957 ,a ... elntensi".. proar- , 1aIle4 .primarily along res.ah' U.11es ... initiated «urina: the :aprilag.,aN r of '1958,'aDd this has beea. COIltiDua4~up 'to·th. pre •• ntrt.iae. SMll.acrea were tre4ted to ,determine: (1,) a.ount of zoel.... , 1D t.ex:. of Uae.r.... ed growth, exhibited eatuli.8hecl loblolly~ aad slub, pine as- • .u.~ect 'C.sult of by yauns' :c-orre.tation· chem1cel hardwood control ;(2). bet:weet:l ........ oR piJle release .ad degree of hardwood coutrol adl1eved; (3) effect· of different rates ·..... i.tures of; 2,4.5-T upon quality, of.r"u1t8; ..s. (4) ,usabiU.ty, .":ef-fectiv .. 8. of ground spraying .riga for' chemical appU.catlon. Over tbiatotal period of time» we have treated a conaiderable acreage of forest land coverill&a wld~ r~ DfcoDclitiou,. cllemfcal"'formulations and rates, methods of application, chronological and physiological times of appU"cation, ad.objectlV1l'8of .treatD8lt.'.Before lDOViag'on into 8pacific detal18 CODCa.m1.aa'recent WCH:'k.OIl c~D)' lands inViq1D1a, I.,...t to sUllllarlze .iIl general .tar., results of this work· in .tbelo.r,'coutal plaln of South CaroLUta .... Georau. Altbau.gh theseftsult8 apply dlrac,tly only, .. to the area ill Wb1cb thed.Ka· _1'. coll-ec.ted,tba, 'are pre"" for the' pvrpose of _cU ... ~t1oD ~t'JaiPt beof.OMcl:trect or 1Dd1rect value. to operatiOD.l e1Ja~. It shauW W·· ........ 1... t .... e ~neu1ts .to deteare ',by no .... ..t1rely. CCIlIICl11ri. __ , 'elther 8tlvlc\l1~ly OI':.:8.tu1at:ically", el have made aa attea9.t.ln dae -fol1.owtDs paragr.,u"tolu.tud. discus. a few of the lIOn. f.'IIIpcnltall~ aDd 1IlOre:.4efiaite l potat :e ex..uac.ted. 80 far from thes •• praying act1vlttH •. Soae .araftb.tantiat-edb, aU ,ofacpumtitatlve nature. wbil. othus &1:8 «MID. nfroa per ... 1 ot... rvatiOD8-· aDd lDfereuc.s .ba.eel UpOli subjective analysis. . ""1' I: type cmeJamar 81t.pmaratl99 'ud:ns2*!t.S""T dO!f.DOt t2 be a practicable: tee_lt1!! ,·for the i seneul area ·In
factory artificial regeneration by direct seeding or planting. In addition. such measures as respraying or spraying and disking seem out of the question for the present because of high costs and the fact that mechanical methods, often combined with prescribed burning. can effectively prepare a site either for planting or reseeding without any spraying. 501. 2, Pine release can be achieved pnder certaIn gefinable conditions using 2.4"S-.T as a foliar sprax. With very few exceptions, it was found that spray· ing .effects in the form of hardwood damage were obliterated by subsequent new growth and stem resurge within three years after trea~nt. On areas where a reasonable amount of pine was already established and in a condition to respond to the short term release, chemical hardwood ·contro1 seemed to be just the thing for permitting the pine to come through. This was especially encouraging since relatively little p,ine damage was detected as a result of the herbicidal application. . Even where initial damage to pine apPeared to be heavy, recovery was swift and complete. No increased incidence of insects or disease was noticed, and pine vigor a year or two after spraying appeared to be excellent. It is still too early to fu~ly·measureth~.absolute amount of pine release in terms of increased growth; general, o~servations and limited measurements. however, reveal a marked increase. 3. Adequate marking of each spray swath is a,_jor problem ip both aerial and ground spraYing. The only consistent mechanical difficulty encountertd concerned the matter of. maintaining equidistant parallel swaths. Effective but simple and inexpensive ~lagging 1S a necessity that never seemed to be quite fulfilled. Long flag poles and helium-filled polyethylene balloons were both used, with equally frustrating results. 4. Good grOWing copditions fgr some time pripf to spraYies 8e. desirable. but heavY rains ~iately follOWing spraYinS max adyerselx affect dest~ed results. !fOtes were generally taken on average weather co.nditions piior to spraying, 'amount of rainfall. and general growing conditions •. Theset-ather broad data were used whenever possible to aid in assessing any variatlOu'in results that could not be readily attributed to any other factor. Thegeneral outcome was that, in most cases better growing conditions prior to spraying res\llt.ed in better hardwood control. On the other hand, one experience with a heaVyrain immediately following spraying indicated the undesirability of this situation. A spraying job in 19Sd was followed within a matter of a very few minutes by a heavy rain that measured 0.72 inches. In spite of an unusually high rate of herbicide applied. results were extremely poor. Even sweetgum, which usually is damaged very readily. showed only spotty effects.
- Page 450 and 451: Basal applications can be applied e
- Page 452 and 453: 452. UMASSACHUSETTS PROGRESSREPORTO
- Page 454 and 455: 45,4. Again, since the solution is
- Page 456 and 457: 456. Statistics In 1959, the low bi
- Page 458 and 459: 458. formation of seed heads. It wa
- Page 460 and 461: 460. In our northern division, we c
- Page 462 and 463: 462. '. 1. A. 200 ga'l Lons of' wat
- Page 464 and 465: METHODSOF SMIJPLING RAG.hfEED POLLS
- Page 466 and 467: counted. ThJ grqins m~y ba st~inad
- Page 468 and 469: 468. slide moved across the orifi~e
- Page 470 and 471: 470. INTERIMREPORTONAQUATICWEEDCONT
- Page 472 and 473: ,.' f'inal retJuJ.t was that the us
- Page 474 and 475: 474. taste and odor problems. The a
- Page 476 and 477: 476. AQUATIC'J1ElID.CONTJ3.,OL '65~
- Page 478 and 479: 478. For example: Imagine, if you:
- Page 480 and 481: enefit of those both us1ng the wate
- Page 482 and 483: • • of ,-, "",jqc. '\:':' ',:,;
- Page 484 and 485: ~ '. r; I ' ':'.' ~, ',;' '.'. 1·"
- Page 486 and 487: 486. weeds increased the food 4.3 t
- Page 488 and 489: ..; . " .," .. ,', oontro..lbe ·oo
- Page 490 and 491: 490. Idee1ly these woUld coVer' foo
- Page 492 and 493: 4')2. Literatm-o Cit~: Biolog:$,cal
- Page 494 and 495: 494. SYSt.:Clil ..:ne sp:aying cont
- Page 496 and 497: 496. 0ll'l;ljing, &hluL ..l V,~l"Y
- Page 498 and 499: etween our sprayine=. operatdons an
- Page 502 and 503: 502. 'j' " Using results for all ou
- Page 504 and 505: cut over several year. ,b.elozoe.·
- Page 506 and 507: 506. HARJJ.rlOOD CONTROL WITHMIST B
- Page 508 and 509: 508. distance was achieved. All sub
- Page 510 and 511: 510. Hardwood oontrol within the li
- Page 512 and 513: • J ". 512. ~ ., and the weather
- Page 514 and 515: ) ) ) '.. . . hble). EffectbeneBB o
- Page 516 and 517: 516. HERBICIDf;TECHNIQUE.:> ,FORTn-
- Page 518 and 519: 518. The possibility o:rusing contr
- Page 520 and 521: 520 • . However, the capacity of
- Page 522 and 523: 522. This is followed by planting i
- Page 524 and 525: 524. AQJJATICWEEDCONTROLANDRELATEDP
- Page 526 and 527: 526. findings we increased the amou
- Page 528 and 529: 52e. There is a constant reinfectio
- Page 530 and 531: 530. in 1960 the Potamogeton re-app
- Page 532 and 533: 532. PROGRESSREPORT ON THE FIELD TE
- Page 534 and 535: 534. It· was tht.;n necessary to d
- Page 536 and 537: 536. l.qunlin Hcrbici(.l(; pr-ove-d
- Page 538 and 539: ;538. P.EFEP..ENCES 1. ijOSCIlETTI,
- Page 540 and 541: 540. The oontrol plot was ohosen so
- Page 542 and 543: 542. The dissolved oxygen content r
- Page 544 and 545: 544. Summary 1. Six experimental pl
- Page 546 and 547: 546. A PRELIMINARYREPORTON THE EFFE
- Page 548 and 549: that either slow chemical hydrolysi
500.<br />
loblolly pine existed iii quatities large, ea.ougbto:,coutitute adequate<br />
<br />
stocking providing' tbe1 4ou14'be'·nlJauc. frOll' O¥eI'COPP1n&j8114crowding<br />
hardwood competitiOn.<br />
' .j •<br />
All spraying was done by helicopter. with SOl1l8 2.200 acres of for.st<br />
land made up of various site cODdit1OQ8 being treated. A low-volatile ester<br />
fom of 2,4,'-T was used with fuel all •• ' theca.n:ter. The _teria! "..<br />
applied at "the. rate' of l."pouads of acid equiva1-.t 1:I'lCl.2·.S'p0uad8 of total .'<br />
solution pet' acre. . .'.':!<br />
.r ' .~ ;C .<br />
The followtaa .•..-r.,: .JuLy 19S7.aIl addit.ioaaL. 3..'SOOacr •• of stailar<br />
forest I .. were spr.,...sin -.schd14t .... III.IDaer u71D1956.- 1IIe-primary<br />
purpose of. treatt.ag-tId.a a4cl.1.t1oDal:,acreap.wu cto . ~ov14.e .' greater selection<br />
of cqoditions - for extracting' inforD8tion. aDd thereby reduce the possibility<br />
of obtaining inconclusive or misleading'results.<br />
, ... ': .....' j<br />
laseel upoD ... urecl reaulta aDd per10llic ·obs.".ti ... of.effw:ta of the·<br />
cheaaical applications in 1956 aDd 1957 ,a ... elntensi".. proar- , 1aIle4<br />
.primarily along res.ah' U.11es ... initiated «urina: the :aprilag.,aN r of<br />
'1958,'aDd this has beea. COIltiDua4~up 'to·th. pre •• ntrt.iae. SMll.acrea were<br />
tre4ted to ,determine: (1,) a.ount of zoel.... , 1D t.ex:. of Uae.r.... ed growth,<br />
exhibited<br />
eatuli.8hecl loblolly~ aad slub, pine as- • .u.~ect 'C.sult of<br />
by yauns'<br />
:c-orre.tation·<br />
chem1cel hardwood control ;(2). bet:weet:l ........ oR piJle release .ad<br />
degree of hardwood coutrol adl1eved; (3) effect· of different rates ·..... i.tures<br />
of; 2,4.5-T upon quality, of.r"u1t8; ..s. (4) ,usabiU.ty, .":ef-fectiv .. 8. of<br />
ground spraying .riga for' chemical appU.catlon.<br />
Over tbiatotal period of time» we have treated a conaiderable acreage<br />
of forest land coverill&a wld~ r~ DfcoDclitiou,. cllemfcal"'formulations<br />
and rates, methods of application, chronological and physiological times of<br />
appU"cation, ad.objectlV1l'8of .treatD8lt.'.Before lDOViag'on into 8pacific<br />
detal18 CODCa.m1.aa'recent WCH:'k.OIl c~D)' lands inViq1D1a, I.,...t to<br />
sUllllarlze .iIl general .tar., results of this work· in .tbelo.r,'coutal plaln<br />
of South CaroLUta .... Georau. Altbau.gh theseftsult8 apply dlrac,tly only, ..<br />
to the area ill Wb1cb thed.Ka· _1'. coll-ec.ted,tba, 'are pre"" for the'<br />
pvrpose of _cU ... ~t1oD ~t'JaiPt beof.OMcl:trect or 1Dd1rect value.<br />
to operatiOD.l e1Ja~. It shauW W·· ........ 1... t .... e ~neu1ts .to deteare<br />
',by no .... ..t1rely. CCIlIICl11ri. __ , 'elther 8tlvlc\l1~ly OI':.:8.tu1at:ically",<br />
el have made aa attea9.t.ln dae -fol1.owtDs paragr.,u"tolu.tud. discus. a<br />
few of the lIOn. f.'IIIpcnltall~ aDd 1IlOre:.4efiaite l potat :e ex..uac.ted. 80 far from<br />
thes •• praying act1vlttH •. Soae .araftb.tantiat-edb, aU ,ofacpumtitatlve<br />
nature. wbil. othus &1:8 «MID. nfroa per ... 1 ot... rvatiOD8-· aDd lDfereuc.s<br />
.ba.eel UpOli subjective analysis. .<br />
""1'<br />
I: type cmeJamar 81t.pmaratl99 'ud:ns2*!t.S""T dO!f.DOt t2 be<br />
a practicable: tee_lt1!! ,·for the i seneul area ·In
Change language