Vol. 15â1961 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society
Vol. 15â1961 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society Vol. 15â1961 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society
50. PRELIMINARYSTUDIESONCROPTOLERANCEANDWEEDCONTROL . WITHA NEW.THIOLCARBAMATE HERBICIDEI R-1856 1 Reed A. Gray I Ralston Curtls & Joe Antognini 1 R-1856 (T-butyl di-!!.-propylthiolcarbamate) has the follow ing structure: . . 0 CH3 CH3-CH2-CH2 ",.' '';,N-C-S-C- CH3 CH3-CH2-CH2' CH3 The synthesis of R-1856 was reported by Tilles (1) t.ogether with a number ofthiolcarbamates related to EPTG (Eptam R).' The, broad spectrum of selectivity of R-1856 was discovered only within recent months. Greenhouse and preliminary field trials reported here l indicate that R-1856 shows promise as a preplant selective herbicide for controlling important annual grass weeds and nutgrass in a number of horticultural and agronomic crops that are susceptible to EPTC.injury • .' . Greenhouse Testa All greenhouse tests were carried out wit~ R-1856~6EI an emulsifiable concentrate formulation containing 6 pounds of the compound per gallon .. In all cases l the herbicide was thoroughly incorporated into' the soil (Santa Cruz sandy loam) wittl a sm,all cement mixer and then the 'treated soil was placed 3" deep in 8"x 12" metal flats. Weed and crop 'seeds were planted in rows at various depths and the flats were watered frequently by sprinkling. An-excess of water was aVOided to prevent l.eaching. '. . . . , One of the first tests showed that 5 lbs./acre of R-1856 prevented the emergence of purple nutgrass (Cyperus rotundus) for as long as three months when tubers' were, planted in the treated soil. Sweet corn (mai'ze) and cotton planted in the same flats were not injured at the 5 lbs~/acre rate. At a rate of 20lbs./ acre l no malformation of Gelden Emblem sweet corn was observed l while Eptam at 5;lbs./acre injured all the corn plants in the same experiment.- Although thegermina-c'ion and emergence of green foxtail- (Setaria viridis) was not affected l growth was stopped .completely at·a height-of one inch and within 30 days the plantssuc.cumbedl givi,nglOO% control of' this weed at the 5 lbs./ acre rate',. -' 1. Stauffer Chemical CompanYI AgriCUltural Research LaboratorYI Mountain Viewl California. R " • # • .' Eptam is Stauffer Chemical Company's registered trade-mark for ethyl di-n-propylthiolcarbamate.
Lower rates of R-1856 were tested on purple nutgrass and it was found that 1 lb./acre prevented the emergence of shoots from tubers for seven weeks. EPTC gave somewhat longer control of purple nutgrass under the same conditions in the greenhouse . . Since R-1856 appeared safe for use on corn, it was tested on Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense) which is a commonweed in certain corn growing areas. Twelve Johnson grass rhizomes 3-4" long were planted in each flat alon~ with field corn (Funk 711) and Sudan grass (Sorghum sUdanense) seed. At 10 and 20 Ibs./acre, R-1856 gave 100% control of the Johnson grass for 3! months with only slight stunting of the corn plants. At 5 Ibs.lacre, R-1856 gave 83% control of Johnson grass grown from rhizomes and 100% control of SUdan grass with no injury to corn. EPTC at 5 lbS./ acre gave slightly less control of Johnson grass than R-1856 at the same rate and severely injured the corn. Further tests showed that in addition to nutgrass, Johnson grass and green foxtail" other grass weeds such as smooth crab grass (Digitaria ishaemum), hairy crab grass, (Digitaria sanguinalis)" yellow foxtail (Setaria lutescens]"barnyard grass or watergrass (Echinochloa crusgalli) and wild oats (Avena fatua) were completely controlled 'by R-1856 at a 5 lb./acre rate. Smooth crab grass was more susceptible to injury than hairy crab grass. Slightly more than 5 lbs./acre of R-1856 was needed to control annual bluegrass (Poa annua). A higher level of 8-10 lbs./acre of R-1856 was needed to control quack grass (AgroPyrOn repens) from seed. . A number of horticultural crops and a few agronomic crops were tested at various rates and found tolerant to rather high levels of this compound. Rates of 5-10 Ibs./acre showed very little or no injury to cucumber, watermelon, squash" cantaloupe, pumpkin, cabbage" broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, radish, Chinese cabbage" collards, endive" lettuce, tomato, sugar beet, table beet, carrot, celery, 'onion, spinach, pepper" sweet corn, field corn, barley" rice, cotton and pineapple. Seven varieties of corn'have been tested and all proved to be tolerant to R-1856 at a rate of 10 Ibs./acre regardless of depth of seeding. On the other hand, pea, soybean" small Lima bean, milo, wheat, and several lawn grasses were severely injured by R-1856 at a rate of 5-10 lbs./acre. Preliminary Field Trials A limited number of field tests with R-1856 have substantiated the greenhouse findings. Rates of 5 and 10 Ibs. of R-1856 in 80 gallons of water per acre were sprayed on dry soil (Sorrento loam) in bands 2' wide and incorporated immediately 3" deep with a power driven tiller. Several rows of crop and weed seeds'were then planted ,-I" deep in the treated bands and sweet corn and field corn were planted 3" deep. Immediately after planting and 51.
- Page 1 and 2: THE USE OF VEGETATIVECHARACTERISTIC
- Page 3 and 4: In a few grasses with smooth sheath
- Page 5 and 6: 5. FACTORSINFLUEUCINGTHE PERFORFANC
- Page 7 and 8: 7. The introduction of synthetic or
- Page 9 and 10: The com;onents the distribution of
- Page 11 and 12: grains. We early found that the oat
- Page 13 and 14: 13. Atrazine Days following cpm/O.
- Page 15 and 16: 15. not find an abundant production
- Page 17 and 18: Weed Control In Suburbia 1 Howard H
- Page 19 and 20: For establishing new lawns, I would
- Page 21 and 22: Any improvement that you can make i
- Page 23 and 24: PROMISINGNEWCHEMICALSFORWEEDCONTROL
- Page 25 and 26: 25. Promis ins results have also be
- Page 27 and 28: 27. (Lycbnis alba), cinquefoil (Pot
- Page 29 and 30: THE EFFECTS OF ADDED PENETRANT AIDS
- Page 31 and 32: ... Surfactant Produced bz: . 31
- Page 33 and 34: 33. 33. of scintillation solution,
- Page 35 and 36: Table 3. The Net Counts Per Minute
- Page 37 and 38: The comparisons for lower leaves, s
- Page 39 and 40: 39. SUMMARY Tests using 2-C 14-1abe
- Page 41 and 42: 41. RECENTDEVELOPMENTS IN THEUSE OF
- Page 43 and 44: second application be made not late
- Page 45 and 46: 45. Combinations of vegadex-Randox
- Page 47 and 48: 11/ Persistence of Soil-Incorporate
- Page 49: Plot size varied from 9 sq. ft. to
- Page 53 and 54: greenhouse tests are listed below.
- Page 55 and 56: PROGRESSREPORTON LAY-BYUEEDCONTROLI
- Page 57 and 58: 57. Table 1. Effect of sodium silic
- Page 59 and 60: Sheets (1959) studied, under labora
- Page 61 and 62: M, ',. • • •• • " ' Treat
- Page 63 and 64: Figure 1. Relative performance trea
- Page 65 and 66: A duplicate test was started August
- Page 67 and 68: 67. "he two tests which dealt with
- Page 69 and 70: 69. CONTROLOF WEEDSIN VEGETABLECROP
- Page 71 and 72: 71.' TABLE 3. RESPONSE OF VEGETABLE
- Page 73 and 74: 73. COHBIltit.TloNS' OF cnu:'PITH C
- Page 75 and 76: 75. Results The delay in applicatio
- Page 77 and 78: 77. Summary Logarithmic, tank-mixed
- Page 79 and 80: (' ( ( Table 1 Rates and Dates of H
- Page 81 and 82: ( ( ( Table 3 Effect of Post-Tran~l
- Page 83 and 84: ( ( ( Table 5 Effect of Lay-By Herb
- Page 85 and 86: Chemical Weed Control Charles J. No
- Page 87 and 88: Table I. Weed control, plant stand,
- Page 89 and 90: Table 1 - Table Beets Pre-plant; Pr
- Page 91 and 92: 91. Chemical Weed Control in Onions
- Page 93 and 94: 93. Table I. l;ced control, plant s
- Page 95 and 96: 95. Results Survey Table I of Hando
- Page 97 and 98: 97. Weed counts were made 3 weeks a
- Page 99 and 100: 99. Third applications were made on
50.<br />
PRELIMINARYSTUDIESONCROPTOLERANCEANDWEEDCONTROL<br />
. WITHA NEW.THIOLCARBAMATE HERBICIDEI R-1856 1<br />
Reed A. Gray I Ralston Curtls & Joe Antognini<br />
1<br />
R-1856 (T-butyl di-!!.-propylthiolcarbamate) has the follow<br />
ing structure:<br />
. . 0 CH3<br />
CH3-CH2-CH2 ",.'<br />
'';,N-C-S-C- CH3<br />
CH3-CH2-CH2' CH3<br />
The synthesis of R-1856 was reported by Tilles (1) t.ogether with<br />
a number ofthiolcarbamates related to EPTG (Eptam R).' The, broad<br />
spectrum of selectivity of R-1856 was discovered only within recent<br />
months. Greenhouse and preliminary field trials reported<br />
here l indicate that R-1856 shows promise as a preplant selective<br />
herbicide for controlling important annual grass weeds and nutgrass<br />
in a number of horticultural and agronomic crops that are<br />
susceptible to EPTC.injury • .' .<br />
Greenhouse Testa<br />
All greenhouse tests were carried out wit~ R-1856~6EI an<br />
emulsifiable concentrate formulation containing 6 pounds of the<br />
compound per gallon .. In all cases l the herbicide was thoroughly<br />
incorporated into' the soil (Santa Cruz sandy loam) wittl a sm,all<br />
cement mixer and then the 'treated soil was placed 3" deep in<br />
8"x 12" metal flats. <strong>Weed</strong> and crop 'seeds were planted in rows<br />
at various depths and the flats were watered frequently by sprinkling.<br />
An-excess of water was aVOided to prevent l.eaching.<br />
'.<br />
. . . ,<br />
One of the first tests showed that 5 lbs./acre of R-1856<br />
prevented the emergence of purple nutgrass (Cyperus rotundus) for<br />
as long as three months when tubers' were, planted in the treated<br />
soil. Sweet corn (mai'ze) and cotton planted in the same flats<br />
were not injured at the 5 lbs~/acre rate. At a rate of 20lbs./<br />
acre l no malformation of Gelden Emblem sweet corn was observed l<br />
while Eptam at 5;lbs./acre injured all the corn plants in the<br />
same experiment.- Although thegermina-c'ion and emergence of<br />
green foxtail- (Setaria viridis) was not affected l growth was<br />
stopped .completely at·a height-of one inch and within 30 days the<br />
plantssuc.cumbedl givi,nglOO% control of' this weed at the 5 lbs./<br />
acre rate',.<br />
-'<br />
1. Stauffer Chemical CompanYI AgriCUltural Research LaboratorYI<br />
Mountain Viewl California.<br />
R "<br />
• # • .'<br />
Eptam<br />
is Stauffer Chemical Company's registered trade-mark for<br />
ethyl di-n-propylthiolcarbamate.
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