Vol. 15â1961 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society
Vol. 15â1961 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society Vol. 15â1961 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society
..; . " .," .. ,', oontro..lbe ·oonsider.spJ.t:l.owe~ t lutJl .... · _ ~ ..... Mt.ve.' Ift~tfwb1oh tM ~hem!eall affect aquatio life. .Sur.berp. 931)J!'e~~t~. areeni te .equivalent. to.l. 7 to 2.0 p~p~. as AS20.fwnlPQll~ol weed Fowth in P9n4s with destruction of. the microscopio plant ..alld snimsl,gr~h on wbiob ·f1fJhdepea,d ~or, food. Tbis wes based on the labors:ton-. stl¥1ies ot Surber ,and-'be~ (1931) on. these an1llalf}~ I"avrence (l9,S'sldeJllonstra1;ed. that :ivo4 p~p:m'~~pplicatiOl1s of sodilJl')/al-Sen;te OM JIlO1lthaPBr.tN'duc8dbottOlll" organ~:SDlS3J$ and bluegill production ~. iD thewate~s be wss usPlg •• FO\Xfp.P.m:~ld.l.led all microor\lStEiceans "end reduCecl·the rot:l,t~pOp~1.ion~ ._.~'~re not replaced in . two'montJistiJne. SpriDger (19$7) reports 'Othersto h8vefounO'Z.4-1) formulations~'to '!iave \dd9-1'.'V817ing, tonoitytoflsh r8ilgiD$~f~om l' to'lOO .p..p.~~ ,';" Some~shfood orgamSlllS are,reported.to su,fferlosses ot. over 25%at O.~::'to··· , 0.4 p.p.DI,a. Insects ari ;stated to.be somewhat··~re. resj,stant In t,bAt·O.4 ~to' .. 2.0 Il-.p.m. is.~ededto:dcBuae~1Dl1lDr ~108se.,! ;$ome fish toxiciV. baselso been ~ported tor 214,~T.Some ,of.t. chemicals sugge,st6d for. weedeontrol have such high toxicity tofishestbattheir use.oonn~t be perm:l;tted in.any wete!' . . w.~re. . aquatio .1mportonce. ""~ '.' ... lite ancifisberle's are of'sDI . . , . , . ~ ~. , Spo~:'~etment in ~etet i~' in'!io':iIa1 '~j~j~.,tp ~ttr,a~nt on:i~. Currall~" taUt of' solub1;Li~ 'a.i1d,Qlff~ton 'a,at ~~ ~duce theQ,oQ.~tratton,'d:n. the 'trili~ereti; Hence, efficiency' or
slow in ;the only waters, studied in New York State (Analyses 'of the ,N.Y. Henlth Dept., unpublished). While conservation and regulatory agencies ' sbou;l;~have a part in conducting such studies, it must be recognized that the major,respcmsibility should lie with those suggesting and recommending such chemicals for use. Bio-Assay: Laboratory bio-assay can be helpful in the· evaluation of comparative toxicity of control chemicals to fish and other -aquatic organisms. Modifications in procedure are ,requirep. ManyHof these chemicals ··are not easi'ly analysed in dilute solutions and it is difficult to determine rate of removal by the test organism. Use of double or triple volume solutions will show if the evaluation of toxicity is being affected through removal. Rep'Lacemerrt of solution or continuous now is valid only if the entire test solution is made up at one time as only this modification will correspond with a lake or pond application. Since continuous now is desirable to maintain a uniform oxygen concentration, the time that these experiments can cover is limited. Results when reported in terms of the initial concentration may not truly represent that concentration as the concentration may vary with time and from reaction with the water or bacterial decomposition. Toxici ty curves do not usually conform to those anticipated if fresh solutions of definite composition were to be used. However, bio-assay can be used conveniently for the evaluation of the effects of the character of the water, oxygen content, pH and temperature. One of our laboratories is, testing the comparative toxicity of these chemicals using brown trout fingerlings. ~.Jhile the data is too incomplete for release at this time, the toxicity of certain 2,4-D formulations appears to range from 2.5 p.p.m. to 16 p.p.m. in terms of the acid equivalent. While it is not yet definite whether toxicity is due to the compound, impurities of manufacture, or the vehicle, the compound appears indicoted. Differences in behavior of different formulations have Ellso been observed in the field. This may ,indicate that formulation may be more important than acid equi~alency in ,aquatic renction~ One hormone type chemical increased in toxicity 'on standing iii solution, apparently either due to hydrolysis or some other reaction in the water. In situ studies: - The very fact that bio-assay is conducted under such carefully controlled conditions may react against its transference as representative of field up- , plication. It cannot measure reduction through intake by plants, absorption on bottom muds, or the reaction caused by different bacterial populatdone , It therefore cannot supplant an in situ study under actual field conditions. Preferably, the area chosen should have at least one season of study before the application even when control areas are established. Qualitative data alone is inadequate and conclusions should be based on quantitative st\InpHng.
- Page 438 and 439: 438. NATURALANDSCAJ:'ING WITHHERBIC
- Page 440 and 441: 440. STATEHIGHWAYHERBICIDE POLICIES
- Page 442 and 443: 442. There is a matter of judgment
- Page 444 and 445: 444. DATAON STATEHIGHWAYHERBICIDE P
- Page 446 and 447: 446. ROADSIDEBRUSHCONTROLWIM PHENOX
- Page 448 and 449: 446. Spraying begins in Connecticut
- Page 450 and 451: Basal applications can be applied e
- Page 452 and 453: 452. UMASSACHUSETTS PROGRESSREPORTO
- Page 454 and 455: 45,4. Again, since the solution is
- Page 456 and 457: 456. Statistics In 1959, the low bi
- Page 458 and 459: 458. formation of seed heads. It wa
- Page 460 and 461: 460. In our northern division, we c
- Page 462 and 463: 462. '. 1. A. 200 ga'l Lons of' wat
- Page 464 and 465: METHODSOF SMIJPLING RAG.hfEED POLLS
- Page 466 and 467: counted. ThJ grqins m~y ba st~inad
- Page 468 and 469: 468. slide moved across the orifi~e
- Page 470 and 471: 470. INTERIMREPORTONAQUATICWEEDCONT
- Page 472 and 473: ,.' f'inal retJuJ.t was that the us
- Page 474 and 475: 474. taste and odor problems. The a
- Page 476 and 477: 476. AQUATIC'J1ElID.CONTJ3.,OL '65~
- Page 478 and 479: 478. For example: Imagine, if you:
- Page 480 and 481: enefit of those both us1ng the wate
- Page 482 and 483: • • of ,-, "",jqc. '\:':' ',:,;
- Page 484 and 485: ~ '. r; I ' ':'.' ~, ',;' '.'. 1·"
- Page 486 and 487: 486. weeds increased the food 4.3 t
- Page 490 and 491: 490. Idee1ly these woUld coVer' foo
- Page 492 and 493: 4')2. Literatm-o Cit~: Biolog:$,cal
- Page 494 and 495: 494. SYSt.:Clil ..:ne sp:aying cont
- Page 496 and 497: 496. 0ll'l;ljing, &hluL ..l V,~l"Y
- Page 498 and 499: etween our sprayine=. operatdons an
- Page 500 and 501: 500. loblolly pine existed iii quat
- Page 502 and 503: 502. 'j' " Using results for all ou
- Page 504 and 505: cut over several year. ,b.elozoe.·
- Page 506 and 507: 506. HARJJ.rlOOD CONTROL WITHMIST B
- Page 508 and 509: 508. distance was achieved. All sub
- Page 510 and 511: 510. Hardwood oontrol within the li
- Page 512 and 513: • J ". 512. ~ ., and the weather
- Page 514 and 515: ) ) ) '.. . . hble). EffectbeneBB o
- Page 516 and 517: 516. HERBICIDf;TECHNIQUE.:> ,FORTn-
- Page 518 and 519: 518. The possibility o:rusing contr
- Page 520 and 521: 520 • . However, the capacity of
- Page 522 and 523: 522. This is followed by planting i
- Page 524 and 525: 524. AQJJATICWEEDCONTROLANDRELATEDP
- Page 526 and 527: 526. findings we increased the amou
- Page 528 and 529: 52e. There is a constant reinfectio
- Page 530 and 531: 530. in 1960 the Potamogeton re-app
- Page 532 and 533: 532. PROGRESSREPORT ON THE FIELD TE
- Page 534 and 535: 534. It· was tht.;n necessary to d
- Page 536 and 537: 536. l.qunlin Hcrbici(.l(; pr-ove-d
..; .<br />
"<br />
.,"<br />
.. ,',<br />
oontro..lbe ·oonsider.spJ.t:l.owe~ t lutJl .... · _ ~ ..... Mt.ve.' Ift~tfwb1oh tM ~hem!eall affect<br />
aquatio life. .Sur.berp. 931)J!'e~~t~. areeni te .equivalent. to.l. 7<br />
to 2.0 p~p~. as AS20.fwnlPQll~ol weed Fowth in P9n4s with destruction of.<br />
the microscopio plant ..alld snimsl,gr~h on wbiob ·f1fJhdepea,d ~or, food. Tbis<br />
wes based on the labors:ton-. stl¥1ies ot Surber ,and-'be~ (1931) on. these<br />
an1llalf}~ I"avrence (l9,S'sldeJllonstra1;ed. that :ivo4 p~p:m'~~pplicatiOl1s of<br />
sodilJl')/al-Sen;te OM JIlO1lthaPBr.tN'duc8dbottOlll" organ~:SDlS3J$ and bluegill<br />
production ~. iD thewate~s be wss usPlg •• FO\Xfp.P.m:~ld.l.led all microor\lStEiceans<br />
"end reduCecl·the rot:l,t~pOp~1.ion~ ._.~'~re not replaced in .<br />
two'montJistiJne. SpriDger (19$7) reports 'Othersto h8vefounO'Z.4-1) formulations~'to<br />
'!iave \dd9-1'.'V817ing, tonoitytoflsh r8ilgiD$~f~om l' to'lOO .p..p.~~ ,';"<br />
Some~shfood orgamSlllS are,reported.to su,fferlosses ot. over 25%at O.~::'to··· ,<br />
0.4 p.p.DI,a. Insects ari ;stated to.be somewhat··~re. resj,stant In t,bAt·O.4 ~to' ..<br />
2.0 Il-.p.m. is.~ededto:dcBuae~1Dl1lDr ~108se.,! ;$ome fish toxiciV. baselso<br />
been ~ported tor 214,~T.Some ,of.t. chemicals sugge,st6d for. weedeontrol<br />
have such high toxicity tofishestbattheir use.oonn~t be perm:l;tted in.any<br />
wete!' . . w.~re. . aquatio<br />
.1mportonce.<br />
""~ '.' ... lite ancifisberle's are of'sDI<br />
. . , . , . ~ ~.<br />
, Spo~:'~etment in ~etet i~' in'!io':iIa1 '~j~j~.,tp ~ttr,a~nt on:i~.<br />
Currall~" taUt of' solub1;Li~ 'a.i1d,Qlff~ton 'a,at ~~ ~duce theQ,oQ.~tratton,'d:n.<br />
the 'trili~ereti; Hence, efficiency' or
Change language