Vol. 15—1961 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society
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Vol. 15—1961 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society

Vol. 15—1961 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society Vol. 15—1961 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society

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08.06.2015 Views

426. (Kalmia angustifolia) ,huckleberry (0 lussacia baccata), low bush blueberry (Vaccinium vacillans.), Japanese honeysuckle Lonicera japonica) J and mapleleafed viburnum (Viburnum acerifolium).· Those most commonly encountered yhich grow ovar 4' high are high bush blueberry (Vaccinium cory:rr;,bosumand V. atrococcum), bayberry (Myrica pensylvanica) J winterberry (~ verticillata), sweet pepperbush (Clethra alnifolia), mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia), Virburnums (Viburnum spp.) '. alder (Alnus ~), flowering aogwooa (Cornus florida), swamp azalia (Rhododendroii viscosum), pinkster flower (Rhododendron nudifloriumr, spiabush (Lindera benzoin), barberry (Berberis vulgaris), witchbazel (Hamamelis virginiana). These species are most desirable and permissible along the edge of the right-of-way. However, some utilities will also permit these species to persist directly under the lines if scattered in occurrence. The abundance of greenbrier and its tendency to crowd out other more desirable species and form impenetrable thickets is a local problem in this part of Connecticut and requires some modification in the management procedures as will be pointed out later. In 1954the tree growth was cut and allowed to resurge for subsequent treatments. Evaluation of Spray Techniques Since 1953 over 40 plots 50' x 50' or larger have been established under or along the lines. Here various techniques have been employed using knapsack sprayers as well as commercial power equipment. In order to achieve the management objectives outlined, the spraying has been done selectively except for special plots where the aim was to determine the effect of indiscriminate applications. The various techniques employed include the basal, root-collar, dormant stem, ste~foliageJ notching, frilling, and stump treatments. Some of the formulations and seasons of applications along with comments on effectiveness are given in Table I. Although the basal technique gave effective root-kill in all seasons, root-collar applications were even more effective, as has been reported by other investigators (12,13). Trees up to 3" in diameter were root-killed using the root-collar technique which involved thoroughly wetting the soil around the root-collar. One very definite advantage of this method over the basal technique is that the chemical is specifically directed to the rootcoilar area. Therefore, the problem of accumulated leaf-litter around the stems preventing run-down totPe root-collar is eliminated. For root-suckering species mid to late sunmerapplications were most effective. When concentrations were reduced to 1: 30, whiteoak showed some resistance with only 35%% root-kill. Both of these techniques have been extensively used on the demonstration area and are highly recommended for right-of -way maintenance. Along with obtaining effective root-kill they can be applied very selectively, thus enabling one to preserve desirable shrubs and maintain a tight. ground cover wherever it exists. Similar findings have been reported on the Penelec rightof-way in central Pennsylvania (14).· . The dormant stem technique was employed on greenbrier as well as tree sprouts. Although formulations in oil are known to be effective,little work has been done with Oil-water and water carriers. Data indicate that effective root;.kill resUlts when relatively high concentrations (1:20) are applied in water (TabJe I). By eliminating oil less damage results to desirable species. It has been found that this technique is especially adaptable to situations

TABLEI :Basal I I I !Root­ ,collar Formulation Season Nature of vee:etation and effectiveness D&T, Jan. 1.5.5 .Ex:ce?.lent root-kill on most tree spe­ T:oil -lHi-l:20, 1: 30 Mar. '.56 white oak 53%). Summerapplications July 15.5 most effective on root-suckering spec­ Dec. '.54 ies such as aspen and sumac. Tloil 1:20 I 1-----I-----­ ...... Feb. t 54 eies (black oak 99%,black birch 98%" Most effective technique employed. Excellent root-kill on oak" ,cherry" maple, birch and hickor,y any season; aspen in summer. Growth 61 to 3"DBH t----......,..--------------------1 mT,+oil. Greenbrier (continuous 3-.5 1 ) . Over 95% 1.:20 root-kill. iDormant Stem 'I'Jt oil ,,'.f water .1:20 Dec. '55 Excellent root-kill of black oak, gray birch, hickory, tulip, black birch • T+water 1:20 Mar. '60 Excellent control of red maple, black birch, hickory, yellow birch, black oak, 4-10 1 • Presumed root-killed. D&T-water Good root-kill of black oak, black birch 1:100 Sept. '54 and aspen, averaging 87%root-kill. i Commercial White oak very resistant; only 13%rootiS t em _ kill. !Foliar I I D&T 1 gal. oil Over 95%root-kill of greenbrier. Most effective stem-foliar treatment. 3 gal. water July 155 1:20 I ..L- -'- --a. ~ · .... 7H\-1:20 equivalent to 5 gallons or 20 p01ll"tde aci.d equ:i."\Te.~eil+' of chemical per 100 gallons all.

TABLEI<br />

:Basal<br />

I<br />

I<br />

I<br />

!Root­<br />

,collar<br />

Formulation Season Nature of vee:etation and effectiveness<br />

D&T, Jan. 1.5.5 .Ex:ce?.lent root-kill on most tree spe­<br />

T:oil<br />

-lHi-l:20, 1: 30 Mar. '.56 white oak 53%). Summerapplications<br />

July 15.5 most effective on root-suckering spec­<br />

Dec. '.54 ies such as aspen and sumac.<br />

Tloil<br />

1:20<br />

I<br />

1-----I-----­ ......<br />

Feb. t 54 eies (black oak 99%,black birch 98%"<br />

Most effective technique employed.<br />

Excellent root-kill on oak" ,cherry"<br />

maple, birch and hickor,y any season;<br />

aspen in summer. Growth 61 to 3"DBH<br />

t----......,..--------------------1<br />

mT,+oil. Greenbrier (continuous 3-.5 1 ) . Over 95%<br />

1.:20 root-kill.<br />

iDormant<br />

Stem<br />

'I'Jt oil<br />

,,'.f water<br />

.1:20<br />

Dec. '55<br />

Excellent root-kill of black oak, gray<br />

birch, hickory, tulip, black birch •<br />

T+water<br />

1:20<br />

Mar. '60<br />

Excellent control of red maple, black<br />

birch, hickory, yellow birch, black<br />

oak, 4-10 1 • Presumed root-killed.<br />

D&T-water<br />

Good root-kill of black oak, black birch<br />

1:100 Sept. '54 and aspen, averaging 87%root-kill.<br />

i<br />

Commercial<br />

White oak very resistant; only 13%rootiS<br />

t em<br />

_ kill.<br />

!Foliar<br />

I<br />

I<br />

D&T<br />

1 gal. oil<br />

Over 95%root-kill of greenbrier. Most<br />

effective stem-foliar treatment.<br />

3 gal. water July 155<br />

1:20<br />

I ..L- -'- --a. ~<br />

· ....<br />

7H\-1:20 equivalent to 5 gallons or 20 p01ll"tde aci.d equ:i."\Te.~eil+' of<br />

chemical per 100 gallons all.

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