Vol. 15â1961 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society
Vol. 15â1961 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society Vol. 15â1961 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society
356. 1 THE ANATOMICAL NATUREO:BTHE UNDERGROUND PORTIONSOF Thomas F. Tisdell l, HORSENETTLEPLANTS Richard D. Ilnicki 2 and William F. Meggitt 3 ABSTRACT The underground portions of horsenettleplants can be separated into three sections: the main or vertical tap root, the portion of the shoot extending from the main tap root to the soil surface, and lastly the lateral structure that connects adjacent shoots. Inspection of a cross section from a main tap root revealed three distinct areas of tissue specialization. These include the epidermis.t cortex, and vascular regions. The cortex was composed of three layers of elongated cells· just beneath the epidermis, a group of undifferentiated, starch-containing parenchyma cells and a layer of cells known as the endodermis. Large xylem elements were observed in the center with smaller xylem elements radiating toward the edges. The xylem apparently matures in a normal centripetal fashion. Primary phloem was located between the primary and secondary xylem. Secondary xylem was developing from the peri cycle toward the center of the root, and secondary phloem was being formed in an outward direction. An examination of the lateral structure, shows an epidermis, a cortex of parenchyma cells, and a well defined endodermis. The central portion of.this organ has approximately the same ce1lu1ar.characteristics as the main tap root. This section, however, contains more fiber cells than the main tap root. The lateral structure and the main tap root conform quite closely with the characteristics of roots; therefore, it seems logical in future discussions to refer to the lateral as a creeping root rather than a rhizome. 1,2 Research Assistant and Associate Research Specialist in Weed Control, respectively, New Jersey AgriCUltural Experiment Station, Department of Farm Crops, Rutgers--the State University, New Brunswick, New Jersey. 3 Formerly Assistant Research Specialist, Rutgersj now in Farm Crops Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.
357. THEEFFECTOF HERBICIDESONTHEYIELDOF ESTABLISHEDALFALFA .Am>BIRDSFOOl'TREFOIL Stanford N. Fertig y (A SummaryReport) INTRODUCTION: The yield and quality of hev produced on NewYork farms is far below the desirable or easily obtainable level. This is the result of at least four factors: (1) the seeding miXtures used by many farmers is inferior to that which they should be us 1ng, (2) stands are left down much longer than desirable, (;) the time of cutting is much too late on most farms" resulting in reduced quality and total seasonal yields and (4) most legume stands have a serious infestation of broad-leaved weeds. Changes 1n farming practices" based on presently available research information, of present could be put into use by farmers to materially improve the quality forage., For example, e. wider use of grass silage would result in better quality roughage, more total tons of feed which animals would consume and at the same time reduce the weed problem on farms by eliminating a major source of re-infestation. EXPERlMENTAL METHODANDPROCEDURE: A series of' plots which were seeded to alfalfa and birdsfoot trefoil in the sprinS of 1951 were used for this study. The stand of both legumes was uniformily good on all plots. The varieties were Narragansett and Viking" respectively. On April 25, 1959, when the alfalfa was 2 to , inches tall and the birds .. foot trefoil 1 to 2 inches tall, the chemicals listed in Table I were applied. RESULTSANDDISCUSSION: The initial injury to the alfalfa was more severe than to the birdsfoot trefoil. The early growth was reduced by all treatments and delayed blooming until the week of July 29. The yield of any cutting taken in June would have been very low,; however, the recovery on the second cuttilg would have been more rapid and complete. The early growth was reduced by all treatments with 2,4,5-TP at 1/2 pound and 4(2,4 ..00) ester (ACPM-,60) at 2 and ; pounds being most severe. The injury to the legume stand was evidenced by stunting, reduced thickened leaflets and epinasty of the plant stems. . The recovery of the birdsfoot trefoil was more rapid than the alfalfa. HoweverJ some injury symptoms were evident on both crops at harvest (JUly 29) at the higher rates of each chemical and rate. Y Professor of Agronomy, Cornell University" Ithaca" NewYork.
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356.<br />
1<br />
THE ANATOMICAL NATUREO:BTHE UNDERGROUND PORTIONSOF<br />
Thomas F. Tisdell<br />
l,<br />
HORSENETTLEPLANTS<br />
Richard D. Ilnicki<br />
2 and William F. Meggitt 3<br />
ABSTRACT<br />
The underground portions of horsenettleplants can be<br />
separated into three sections: the main or vertical tap root,<br />
the portion of the shoot extending from the main tap root to<br />
the soil surface, and lastly the lateral structure that connects<br />
adjacent shoots.<br />
Inspection of a cross section from a main tap root revealed<br />
three distinct areas of tissue specialization. These include<br />
the epidermis.t cortex, and vascular regions. The cortex was<br />
composed of three layers of elongated cells· just beneath the<br />
epidermis, a group of undifferentiated, starch-containing parenchyma<br />
cells and a layer of cells known as the endodermis. Large<br />
xylem elements were observed in the center with smaller xylem<br />
elements radiating toward the edges. The xylem apparently matures<br />
in a normal centripetal fashion. Primary phloem was located<br />
between the primary and secondary xylem. Secondary xylem<br />
was developing from the peri cycle toward the center of the root,<br />
and secondary phloem was being formed in an outward direction.<br />
An examination of the lateral structure, shows an epidermis,<br />
a cortex of parenchyma cells, and a well defined endodermis.<br />
The central portion of.this organ has approximately the same<br />
ce1lu1ar.characteristics as the main tap root. This section,<br />
however, contains more fiber cells than the main tap root.<br />
The lateral structure and the main tap root conform quite<br />
closely with the characteristics of roots; therefore, it seems<br />
logical in future discussions to refer to the lateral as a creeping<br />
root rather than a rhizome.<br />
1,2 Research Assistant and Associate Research Specialist in<br />
<strong>Weed</strong> Control, respectively, New Jersey AgriCUltural Experiment<br />
Station, Department of Farm Crops, Rutgers--the State University,<br />
New Brunswick, New Jersey.<br />
3 Formerly Assistant Research Specialist, Rutgersj now in<br />
Farm Crops Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing,<br />
Michigan.
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