Proceedings of the Sixty-first Annual Meeting of the Northeastern ...
Proceedings of the Sixty-first Annual Meeting of the Northeastern ... Proceedings of the Sixty-first Annual Meeting of the Northeastern ...
30 EMERGENCE AND PERFORMANCE OF TWO SWALLOW-WORT SPECIES ON SOILS OF VARYING pH AND ORIGIN. L.C. Magidow, A. DiTommaso, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY, L. Milbrath, USDA-ARS U.S. Plant, Soil and Nutrition Laboratory, Ithaca, NY, and C.L. Mohler, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY. ABSTRACT Two alien vines, pale swallow-wort, (Vincetoxicum rossicum) and black swallowwort (V. nigrum), are increasingly problematic invaders in the Northeastern U.S. and Southeastern Canada. These herbaceous perennial species aggressively colonize and rapidly dominate forest understories, old fields, rare alvar (shallow limestone barren) communities, and other native ecosystems throughout the region. Swallow-worts have been difficult to control by mechanical and chemical methods. In 2004, a biological control program was initiated by the USDA-ARS to supplement these approaches. The program will introduce insects and/or pathogens from the plants' native European ranges in order to suppress these weedy vines. To biologically control swallow-wort most effectively, we must understand what factors affect their current and potential distributions within North America. This experiment examines how two edaphic factors that may play a part in swallow-wort distribution, pH and soil type, affect the performance of these species. In this microplot field experiment, soil and seeds were collected from two locations in NY State that were heavily infested with either pale swallow-wort (Benson-Wassaic silt loam) or black swallow-wort (Hollis sandy loam) and then subject to the same field conditions in Ithaca, NY. The Each soil type was amended to attain three pH levels (original level, 4.5, and 8.0). The soil was then placed into drained pots, and in late fall of 2005 and 2006 swallow-wort seeds were scattered on the surface of the treated soil. Seedling emergence was monitored, plants were thinned to six per pot, and pots were weeded throughout the season. Before the first hard frost, plants and roots were harvested to determine above- and below-ground biomass. Preliminary data indicate greater emergence and establishment of both swallow-wort species at the higher pH levels and for both soil types. Surprisingly, some plants produced mature follicles during the first growing season. Data from the 2006 cohort of seeds will be collected at the end of the 2007 growing season. These data will also be compared to soil pH levels of sites with established swallow-wort species throughout NY State. 12
31 FLAZASULFURON: A POTENTIAL SOLUTION FOR SELECTIVE PERENNIAL RYEGRASS CONTROL IN CREEPING BENTGRASS. M.J. Goddard, S.D. Askew, J.B. Willis, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, and M.B. Grove, ISK BioSciences, Houston, TX. ABSTRACT Flazasulfuron is a product not yet registered in the US under evaluation for control of broadleaf and some grassy weeds in bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) and zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica). Previous studies have shown flazasulfuron controls perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and fescues (Festuca spp.) quicker and more effectively than other sulfonylurea herbicides currently on the market. A study conducted in 2004 at Virginia Tech to determine the effectiveness of flazasulfuron for controlling creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) in Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) resulted in greater injury of Kentucky bluegrass than of creeping bentgrass. Since flazasulfuron effectively controls perennial ryegrass, even a relatively low use rates, it could become the first herbicide for selective perennial ryegrass control in creeping bentgrass. The study was conducted at three locations on L93 creeping bentgrass at Virginia Tech’s Glade Road Research Facility and the Turfgrass Research Center in Blacksburg, VA. Herbicides included foliar applications of flazasulfuron (Flazasulfuron 25DF, ISK Biosciences) at 1 or 2 g ai/ha applied 2 or 3 times, 4 g ai/ha applied twice, and 9 g ai/ha applied once, bispyribac-sodium (Velocity, Valent Professional Products) at 74 g ai/ha applied twice, and sulfosulfuron (Certainty, Monsanto Company) at 13 g ai/ha applied twice. Ratings included perennial ryegrass control and creeping bentgrass injury. Flazasulfuron caused slight but acceptable injury (< 21%) to the creeping bentgrass, and resulted in 100% perennial ryegrass control at or before the second application, regardless of rate. Bispyribac sodium resulted in a 49 and 74% control after two applications with less than 14% injury. Sulfosulfuron controlled 60 and 80% perennial ryegrass after three applications, but caused significantly greater injury than flazasulfuron or bispyribac sodium treatments. Unacceptable injury (>30%) to creeping bentgrass resulted after the first application of sulfosulfuron in one of the three trials. Partial perennial ryegrass control by bispyribac sodium and sulfosulfuron was unexpected and may be attributed to creeping bentgrass competition following treatment. Flazasulfuron proved to be a safe and effective control method for perennial ryegrass in creeping bentgrass. Effects of flazasulfuron on creeping bentgrass were equivalent to that of bispyribac sodium and sulfosulfuron. Further research to determine the best rates to reduce bentgrass injury and retain effectiveness is warranted. 13
- Page 1 and 2: 1 Proceedings of the Sixty-first An
- Page 3 and 4: 3 NORTHEASTERN WEED SCIENCE SOCIETY
- Page 5 and 6: 5 SECTION CHAIRS Agronomy Chair: J.
- Page 7 and 8: 7 CARFENTRAZONE AND QUINCLORAC FOR
- Page 9 and 10: 9 THE EFFICACY AND CROP TOLERANCE O
- Page 11 and 12: 11 EVALUATION OF HERBICIDES FOR CON
- Page 13 and 14: 13 BEING HEARD BY THE IR-4 PROJECT.
- Page 15 and 16: 15 ABSTRACTS FROM THE 7 TH CONFEREN
- Page 17: 17 HERBICIDE NAMES: COMMON, TRADE,
- Page 20 and 21: 20 INTEGRATING WEED CONTROL STRATEG
- Page 22 and 23: 22 GIANT HOGWEED ERADICATION IN PEN
- Page 24 and 25: 24 EFFECTS OF EMERGENCE PERIODICITY
- Page 26 and 27: 26 PRODUCER AND PRODUCTION IMPACTS
- Page 28 and 29: 28 A SIMPLE METHOD FOR CLEANING TUF
- Page 32 and 33: 32 CARFENTRAZONE AND QUINCLORAC FOR
- Page 34 and 35: 34 2006 NEWSS SUMMER WEED CONTEST R
- Page 36 and 37: 36 INVASIVE AQUATIC WEEDS IN NORTH
- Page 38 and 39: 38 AMMONIUM PELARGONATE AS A BIOHER
- Page 40 and 41: 40 TRINEXAPAC-ETHYL INFLUENCES EFFI
- Page 42 and 43: 42 Table 1. Insect feeding damage,
- Page 44 and 45: 44 WEED CONTROL WITH TOPRAMEZONE PR
- Page 46 and 47: 46 ROTARY HOE EFFICACY IN CORN: INF
- Page 48 and 49: 48 ALFALFA/GRASS FORAGE MIXTURES US
- Page 50 and 51: 50 CONTROL OF NEW WEED SPECIES IN T
- Page 52 and 53: 52 Table 1. Results of 2006 contain
- Page 54 and 55: 54 TOLERANCES OF ORNAMENTAL SHRUBS
- Page 56 and 57: 56 2006 WEED MANAGEMENT TRIALS IN C
- Page 58 and 59: 58 THE RESPONSE OF FIELD AND CONTAI
- Page 60 and 61: 60 THE EFFICACY AND CROP TOLERANCE
- Page 62 and 63: 62 Table 2. Plant quality ratings o
- Page 64 and 65: 64 EVALUATION OF PROLINE-LINKED PEN
- Page 66 and 67: 66 ANNUAL BLUEGRASS AND DOLLAR SPOT
- Page 68 and 69: 68 Table 1. Autumn 2005 versus spri
- Page 70 and 71: 70 A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE NON-N
- Page 72 and 73: 72 native species, covering and smo
- Page 74 and 75: 74 EFFECTS OF BUCKWHEAT RESIDUE ON
- Page 76 and 77: 76 Japanese knotweed control 28 DAT
- Page 78 and 79: 78 ENHANCED TOLERANCE TO WEED COMPE
31<br />
FLAZASULFURON: A POTENTIAL SOLUTION FOR SELECTIVE PERENNIAL<br />
RYEGRASS CONTROL IN CREEPING BENTGRASS. M.J. Goddard, S.D. Askew, J.B.<br />
Willis, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, and M.B. Grove, ISK BioSciences, Houston, TX.<br />
ABSTRACT<br />
Flazasulfuron is a product not yet registered in <strong>the</strong> US under evaluation for<br />
control <strong>of</strong> broadleaf and some grassy weeds in bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) and<br />
zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica). Previous studies have shown flazasulfuron controls<br />
perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and fescues (Festuca spp.) quicker and more<br />
effectively than o<strong>the</strong>r sulfonylurea herbicides currently on <strong>the</strong> market. A study<br />
conducted in 2004 at Virginia Tech to determine <strong>the</strong> effectiveness <strong>of</strong> flazasulfuron for<br />
controlling creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) in Kentucky bluegrass (Poa<br />
pratensis) resulted in greater injury <strong>of</strong> Kentucky bluegrass than <strong>of</strong> creeping bentgrass.<br />
Since flazasulfuron effectively controls perennial ryegrass, even a relatively low use<br />
rates, it could become <strong>the</strong> <strong>first</strong> herbicide for selective perennial ryegrass control in<br />
creeping bentgrass.<br />
The study was conducted at three locations on L93 creeping bentgrass at<br />
Virginia Tech’s Glade Road Research Facility and <strong>the</strong> Turfgrass Research Center in<br />
Blacksburg, VA. Herbicides included foliar applications <strong>of</strong> flazasulfuron (Flazasulfuron<br />
25DF, ISK Biosciences) at 1 or 2 g ai/ha applied 2 or 3 times, 4 g ai/ha applied twice,<br />
and 9 g ai/ha applied once, bispyribac-sodium (Velocity, Valent Pr<strong>of</strong>essional<br />
Products) at 74 g ai/ha applied twice, and sulfosulfuron (Certainty, Monsanto<br />
Company) at 13 g ai/ha applied twice. Ratings included perennial ryegrass control and<br />
creeping bentgrass injury.<br />
Flazasulfuron caused slight but acceptable injury (< 21%) to <strong>the</strong> creeping<br />
bentgrass, and resulted in 100% perennial ryegrass control at or before <strong>the</strong> second<br />
application, regardless <strong>of</strong> rate. Bispyribac sodium resulted in a 49 and 74% control after<br />
two applications with less than 14% injury. Sulfosulfuron controlled 60 and 80%<br />
perennial ryegrass after three applications, but caused significantly greater injury than<br />
flazasulfuron or bispyribac sodium treatments. Unacceptable injury (>30%) to creeping<br />
bentgrass resulted after <strong>the</strong> <strong>first</strong> application <strong>of</strong> sulfosulfuron in one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> three trials.<br />
Partial perennial ryegrass control by bispyribac sodium and sulfosulfuron was<br />
unexpected and may be attributed to creeping bentgrass competition following<br />
treatment.<br />
Flazasulfuron proved to be a safe and effective control method for perennial<br />
ryegrass in creeping bentgrass. Effects <strong>of</strong> flazasulfuron on creeping bentgrass were<br />
equivalent to that <strong>of</strong> bispyribac sodium and sulfosulfuron. Fur<strong>the</strong>r research to determine<br />
<strong>the</strong> best rates to reduce bentgrass injury and retain effectiveness is warranted.<br />
13
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