Proceedings of the Sixty-first Annual Meeting of the Northeastern ...
Proceedings of the Sixty-first Annual Meeting of the Northeastern ... Proceedings of the Sixty-first Annual Meeting of the Northeastern ...
138 Supplemental NEWSS Abstracts (presented in alphabetical order, by author) THE EFFECTS OF CULTURAL PRACTICES ON WEED ESTABLISHMENT IN CONTAINERS. J. Altland, Oregon State University, Corvallis. ABSTRACT Cultural management practices in nurseries influence weed establishment and growth in containers. The three cultural practices that have the most impact on container weed management are substrate particle size selection, fertilizer management, and irrigation management. Seeds of most container weeds are small. Small seeds must germinate on or near the substrate surface because they do not have sufficient stored energy to survive deep germination. Water within in a container is not constant from the surface to the bottom. Due to matric potential of substrates, there is a gradient of available water from high to low in the container bottom up to the surface. Coarse substrates do not have sufficient water holding capacity to support seed germination, particularly on the substrate surface where weed seeds germinate. For example, within the range of bark grades used by nurseries, coarser grades reduce pearlwort (Sagina procumbens) growth compared to finer grades. Water holding capacity is an important physical property of container substrates, and also dictates the amount of water available to the ornamental crop. Moderation in selecting coarse substrates is important. Fertilizers can be used to impact weed growth. Bark substrates, including those amended with peat, pumice, sand, or choir, have little or no available nitrogen (N). N is required by weeds for successful germination and growth. Placement of controlled release fertilizers (CRFs) below the substrate surface, commonly called dibbling, results in no available N on the substrate surface and thus poor weed establishment. Topdressing CRFs or injecting fertilizer through the irrigation system supplies abundant N to the substrate surface and improves weed establishment. Incorporating composts with high levels of available N into the substrate will also favor weed growth. If nursery conditions dictate that fertilizers must be injected through the irrigation system, N form can also influence weed growth. N in water soluble fertilizers is supplied in the form of nitrate, ammonium, urea, or in combination. Fertilizers that supply N solely in the form of nitrate, as opposed to either urea or ammonium plus nitrate, reduce weed growth and flowering. Differences in weed growth due to N form are subtle; however, reduced flower and seed numbers can result in significantly reduced weed pressure. Irrigation is the most difficult cultural practice to manage. Over-watering reduces herbicide effectiveness and improves weed establishment and growth. Irrigation monitoring can be used to better manage irrigation rates, especially with micro-irrigated crops. However, overhead irrigation systems lack uniformity. Non-uniform irrigation with overhead sprinklers is the greatest limitation to strict management of irrigation rates. Strict management of cultural practices alone will not eliminate weeds; however, it will reduce weed vigor and improve overall weed control. The most effective weed management program for nursery containers integrates sanitation, management of cultural practices, and proper use of preemergence herbicides. 120
139 AMINOPYRALID: A NEW HERBICIDE FOR BROADLEAF WEED CONTROL IN PASTURE, ROADSIDE, AND NATURAL AREAS. P.L. Burch, Dow AgroSciences, Christiansburg, VA and E.S. Hagood, VPI and SU, Blacksburg. ABSTRACT Aminopyralid is a new systemic herbicide developed by Dow AgroSciences specifically for use on rangeland, pasture, rights-of-way, such as roadsides for vegetation management, Conservation Reserve Program acres, non-cropland, and natural areas in the United States and Canada. The herbicide is formulated as a liquid containing, 240 g ae/liter of aminopyralid as a salt. The herbicide has postemergence activity on established broadleaf plants and provides residual control of germinating seeds of susceptible plants. Field research has shown aminopyralid to be effective at rates between 52.5 and 120 g ae/ha, which is about 1/4 to 1/20 less than use rates of currently registered rangeland and pasture herbicides with the same mode of action including, clopyralid, 2,4-D, dicamba, picloram, and triclopyr. Aminopyralid controls over 40 species of annual, biennial, and perennial broadleaf weeds including Acroptilon repens, Artemisia absinthium, Carduus acanthoides, Carduus nutans, Centaurea diffusa, Centaurea maculosa, Centaurea solstitialis, Chrysanthemum leucantheum, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium vulgare, Lamium amplexicaule, Matricaria inodora, Ranunculus bulbosus, Rumex crispus, Solanum carolinense, Solanum viarum, and Xanthium strumarium. Most warm- and cool-season rangeland and pasture grasses are tolerant of aminopyralid applications at proposed rates. Research continues to determine the efficacy of aminopyralid on other key invasive weeds and on the role of aminopyralid in facilitating plant community improvement in land management programs. 121
- Page 88 and 89: 88 HERBICIDE COMPARISON IN WET BLAD
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- Page 112 and 113: 112 Figure 1. Grass cover following
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- Page 122 and 123: 122 THE IR-4 PROJECT: UPDATE ON HER
- Page 124 and 125: 124 PEDIGREE OF A PESTICIDE. D.R. S
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- Page 128 and 129: 128 APPLICATIONS FOR SULFENTRAZONE
- Page 130 and 131: 130 HORSEWEED: FROM OBSCURITY TO TH
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- Page 148 and 149: 148 THE 2002 FARM BILL AND ITS EFFE
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- Page 158 and 159: 158 Northeastern Weed Science Socie
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- Page 170 and 171: 170 2005, Hilary Sandler and Brent
- Page 172 and 173: 172 (Ornamentals), Rakesh Chandran
- Page 174 and 175: 174 Total Expenses $38,227.24 Total
- Page 176 and 177: 176 PUBLIC RELATIONS Brent Lackey A
- Page 178 and 179: 178 • 2 nd place team: Guelph tea
- Page 180 and 181: 180 WSSA REPRESENTATIVE Jeffrey Der
- Page 182 and 183: 182 b. Legislative Visits training
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139<br />
AMINOPYRALID: A NEW HERBICIDE FOR BROADLEAF WEED CONTROL IN<br />
PASTURE, ROADSIDE, AND NATURAL AREAS. P.L. Burch, Dow AgroSciences,<br />
Christiansburg, VA and E.S. Hagood, VPI and SU, Blacksburg.<br />
ABSTRACT<br />
Aminopyralid is a new systemic herbicide developed by Dow AgroSciences<br />
specifically for use on rangeland, pasture, rights-<strong>of</strong>-way, such as roadsides for<br />
vegetation management, Conservation Reserve Program acres, non-cropland, and<br />
natural areas in <strong>the</strong> United States and Canada. The herbicide is formulated as a liquid<br />
containing, 240 g ae/liter <strong>of</strong> aminopyralid as a salt. The herbicide has postemergence<br />
activity on established broadleaf plants and provides residual control <strong>of</strong> germinating<br />
seeds <strong>of</strong> susceptible plants. Field research has shown aminopyralid to be effective at<br />
rates between 52.5 and 120 g ae/ha, which is about 1/4 to 1/20 less than use rates <strong>of</strong><br />
currently registered rangeland and pasture herbicides with <strong>the</strong> same mode <strong>of</strong> action<br />
including, clopyralid, 2,4-D, dicamba, picloram, and triclopyr. Aminopyralid controls<br />
over 40 species <strong>of</strong> annual, biennial, and perennial broadleaf weeds including Acroptilon<br />
repens, Artemisia absinthium, Carduus acanthoides, Carduus nutans, Centaurea<br />
diffusa, Centaurea maculosa, Centaurea solstitialis, Chrysan<strong>the</strong>mum leucan<strong>the</strong>um,<br />
Cirsium arvense, Cirsium vulgare, Lamium amplexicaule, Matricaria inodora,<br />
Ranunculus bulbosus, Rumex crispus, Solanum carolinense, Solanum viarum, and<br />
Xanthium strumarium. Most warm- and cool-season rangeland and pasture grasses<br />
are tolerant <strong>of</strong> aminopyralid applications at proposed rates. Research continues to<br />
determine <strong>the</strong> efficacy <strong>of</strong> aminopyralid on o<strong>the</strong>r key invasive weeds and on <strong>the</strong> role <strong>of</strong><br />
aminopyralid in facilitating plant community improvement in land management<br />
programs.<br />
121
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