Proceedings of the Sixty-first Annual Meeting of the Northeastern ...
Proceedings of the Sixty-first Annual Meeting of the Northeastern ... Proceedings of the Sixty-first Annual Meeting of the Northeastern ...
102 EFFECT OF DEW AND GRANULAR FORMULATION ON MESOTRIONE EFFICACY FOR LAWN WEED CONTROL. M.J. Goddard, S.D. Askew, J.B. Willis, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, R.J. Keese, Syngenta Crop Protection, Carmel, IN, and J.R. James, Syngenta Crop Protection, Greensboro, NC. ABSTRACT Lawn weed control is typically achieved with granular herbicides. Scotts Turf Builder Plus 2 (28-3-3 fertilizer plus 1.21% 2, 4-D, and 0.605% MCPP), the most common granular herbicide for lawns, requires dew on leaf foliage for best results. With dew present, granules stick to leaves instead of falling through the turf canopy. Granular formulations of mesotrione are being developed for both consumer and professional markets. Since mesotrione is absorbed though both foliage and roots, it may be less dependent on dew than industry standards for consumer markets. Studies were conducted at two sites in Blacksburg, VA to evaluate granular combination products of mesotrione and fertilizer, compared to 2,4-D plus MCPP for consumer lawn care. Our objective was to determine the effects of granular formulation and dew on efficacy of mesotrione and 2,4-D plus MCPP for control of common lawn weeds. We evaluated three mesotrione granular products including a 29-3-4 fertilizer similar to Scotts Turfbuilder that contains mesotrione at 0.2% (EXC853), the same fertilizer with mesotrione at 0.2% and prodiamine at 0.4% (EXC856), and a 29-3-4 fertilizer similar to Vigaro that contains mesotrione at 0.25% (EXC950). These mesotrione products were compared to a commercial 28-3-3 fertilizer with 1.21% 2,4-D and 0.61% MCPP (Scotts Turfbuilder Plus 2). All products were applied at 140 kg/ha. The study areas consisted of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) containing dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), corn speedwell (CSP) (Veronica arvensis), and white clover (Trifolium repens). The four granular herbicides were applied in early AM while foliage was still wet with natural dew and in the afternoon of the same day to dry turf. All treatments received 0.4 cm irrigation within 48 h. The presence of dew did not influence dandelion and white clover control by mesotrione while dew increased CSP control by mesotrione with one of the three granular products. Mesotrione on the fertilizer carrier similar to Vigaro did not control dandelion, CSP or white clover as well as mesotrione on the fertilizer carrier similar to Scotts. For example, Mesotrione controlled dandelion 90, 86, and 58% and white clover 90, 87, and 67% as EXC 856, EXC 853, and EXC 950, respectively 28 days after treatment (DAT) regardless of dew presence. In contrast, 2,4-D + MCPP controlled dandelion and white clover 88% when applied to wet foliage and 33 and 18%, respectively, when applied to dry foliage. EXC 856 controlled CSP 88%, regardless of dew while EXC 853 controlled CSP equivalently when dew was present but less (65%) when leaves were dry. In contrast, EXC 950 controlled CSP 43% when dew was present and more (58%) when leaves were dry. 2,4-D plus MCPP did not control CSP, regardless of dew. In this study, mesotrione controlled weeds equivalent or superior to the commercial standard and could be a viable product for consumer markets. 84
103 ABSORPTION, TRANSLOCATION, AND METABOLISM OF FORAMSULFURON IN DALLISGRASS. G.M. Henry, J.D. Burton, and F.H. Yelverton, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh. ABSTRACT Dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.) is a rhizomatous perennial warm-season grass that commonly infests managed turfgrass systems. The sulfonylurea herbicide foramsulfuron was recently registered (2003) for use in turfgrass for the postemergence control of several cool-season grasses, goosegrass, and henbit present within warmseason turf. Preliminary analysis of this herbicide has shown it to be a potential alternative to MSMA and glyphosate for the control of dallisgrass. Previous research was conducted to determine the efficacy of foramsulfuron applied alone or in combination with MSMA at various rates and timings. Foramsulfuron applied alone only provided < 5% control of dallisgrass 1 year after initial treatment (YAIT), while treatments containing the application of MSMA followed by foramsulfuron provided > 30% control 1 YAIT. Therefore, the objective of our research was to examine the effect of pre applications of MSMA on the absorption, translocation, and metabolism of 14 C- foramsulfuron when foliar applied to mature dallisgrass. Naturally occurring populations of dallisgrass were obtained locally and propagated in the greenhouse. Foliar absorption of 14 C-foramsulfuron was measured during a 48-h period. Herbicide treatments were prepared using 2-pyrimidyl 14 C-foramsulfuron (4.51 MBq mg −1 specific activity, 98% purity). Treatments consisted of foramsulfuron (0.075 kg/ha) followed by followed by foramsulfuron 2 weeks after initial treatment (WAIT), MSMA (1.25 kg/ha) followed by foramsulfuron 2 WAIT, and no pre-treatment followed by foramsulfuron 2 WAIT. Radiolabeled material was applied during the second application of each treatment. Mature dallisgrass plants (20 cm in height) were selected to receive 14 C- foramsulfuron treatments. Herbicide absorption was quantified at 0, 2, 4, 8, 24, and 48 h after treatment. At the appropriate harvest interval, the treated leaf was excised and rinsed in 50:50 methanol–water solution to remove unabsorbed 14 C. After the methanol wash, the treated leaf was frozen. Each methanol leaf wash vial received 10 ml scintillation cocktail. Treated leaves were combusted in a biological sample oxidizer using a mixture of carbon dioxide absorbent and scintillation fluid to trap evolved 14 CO 2 . All samples were then quantified by liquid scintillation spectroscopy. Data from this experiment are currently being analyzed. 85
- Page 52 and 53: 52 Table 1. Results of 2006 contain
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103<br />
ABSORPTION, TRANSLOCATION, AND METABOLISM OF FORAMSULFURON IN<br />
DALLISGRASS. G.M. Henry, J.D. Burton, and F.H. Yelverton, North Carolina State<br />
Univ., Raleigh.<br />
ABSTRACT<br />
Dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.) is a rhizomatous perennial warm-season<br />
grass that commonly infests managed turfgrass systems. The sulfonylurea herbicide<br />
foramsulfuron was recently registered (2003) for use in turfgrass for <strong>the</strong> postemergence<br />
control <strong>of</strong> several cool-season grasses, goosegrass, and henbit present within warmseason<br />
turf. Preliminary analysis <strong>of</strong> this herbicide has shown it to be a potential<br />
alternative to MSMA and glyphosate for <strong>the</strong> control <strong>of</strong> dallisgrass. Previous research<br />
was conducted to determine <strong>the</strong> efficacy <strong>of</strong> foramsulfuron applied alone or in<br />
combination with MSMA at various rates and timings. Foramsulfuron applied alone only<br />
provided < 5% control <strong>of</strong> dallisgrass 1 year after initial treatment (YAIT), while<br />
treatments containing <strong>the</strong> application <strong>of</strong> MSMA followed by foramsulfuron provided ><br />
30% control 1 YAIT. Therefore, <strong>the</strong> objective <strong>of</strong> our research was to examine <strong>the</strong> effect<br />
<strong>of</strong> pre applications <strong>of</strong> MSMA on <strong>the</strong> absorption, translocation, and metabolism <strong>of</strong> 14 C-<br />
foramsulfuron when foliar applied to mature dallisgrass. Naturally occurring populations<br />
<strong>of</strong> dallisgrass were obtained locally and propagated in <strong>the</strong> greenhouse. Foliar<br />
absorption <strong>of</strong> 14 C-foramsulfuron was measured during a 48-h period. Herbicide<br />
treatments were prepared using 2-pyrimidyl 14 C-foramsulfuron (4.51 MBq mg −1 specific<br />
activity, 98% purity). Treatments consisted <strong>of</strong> foramsulfuron (0.075 kg/ha) followed by<br />
followed by foramsulfuron 2 weeks after initial treatment (WAIT), MSMA (1.25 kg/ha)<br />
followed by foramsulfuron 2 WAIT, and no pre-treatment followed by foramsulfuron 2<br />
WAIT. Radiolabeled material was applied during <strong>the</strong> second application <strong>of</strong> each<br />
treatment. Mature dallisgrass plants (20 cm in height) were selected to receive 14 C-<br />
foramsulfuron treatments. Herbicide absorption was quantified at 0, 2, 4, 8, 24, and 48 h<br />
after treatment. At <strong>the</strong> appropriate harvest interval, <strong>the</strong> treated leaf was excised and<br />
rinsed in 50:50 methanol–water solution to remove unabsorbed 14 C. After <strong>the</strong> methanol<br />
wash, <strong>the</strong> treated leaf was frozen. Each methanol leaf wash vial received 10 ml<br />
scintillation cocktail. Treated leaves were combusted in a biological sample oxidizer<br />
using a mixture <strong>of</strong> carbon dioxide absorbent and scintillation fluid to trap evolved 14 CO 2 .<br />
All samples were <strong>the</strong>n quantified by liquid scintillation spectroscopy. Data from this<br />
experiment are currently being analyzed.<br />
85
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