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494 ae.u!s,'I!IIDi,cua.:Lon leUlllllted crabgrass cOll~,. Ausu-t 11, 1961 (Avera.e of three replications): u zytron 991 CaJ.dUll :Ars.nate " ' 851 'oj t B.n4ane 85% ' ,:;
..495 1961 PREEMERGENOE ORABGRASS RESULTS J. M. Duich,B.R.Fleming, A.E.;Dudeck, G. J; ~op and J. Boydl :. ,'.;, , ,:-1;"'" , ",', ) The object of this study ~, .to determine ~etfect of various commercial and eJq:leX'~ntal preemer$en~el crabgrass c~cals under practica:lconditions in southeastern Pennaylvard!l where crabgraap is a paramount problem and permanent turf difficult to"produce. . . Materialp!w! Methods The test was conducted ~t. ~ Springhaven C~ (golf) in Wallingford, Pennsylvania on two. areas.'l'et!t area No.1 was'#Ie practice fairway (irrigated) with a history of heaVyc:t'Apgrass infels~~On, annually, and a .: large popula tion of Poa anmia which predOlllinated spring and fall and usually faded during the sumiii6rperIod. B+1,l,e~ass, bent and t.,scue accounted for less than 20 percent of the pemanent turf population. .. Test area ijo. 2 (non-ir:rig~~) was located~ a fairway satllrated with seepage water frOlllunderground' springs, primar~y".in the spring and faJJ... Turf was predaninantJ.;r oreeping ben.~~ !2! trivialie, a~ traces of bluegrass. .: ",-, ,'rfi Single applicat1onsof ~~c:m._treatment were~on April 3, 1961 two weeks prior to earliest anticipated crabgrass germination for the area. The region was characterized by unu~ cold, wet ~th~ which delayed the initial gemins tion of crabgra!'li' ~or four weeks ph :Area 1 and six weeks on Area 2. Poa annua growth was also unusually heavYdne to protection from heavy winterenows and-moist oandi~ for most of i~ growing season. Poa annua faded ctuickly starting in mid-Jv.],y, A further ~cation of climatlC conditions was the fir$tmOW1ng date or April 27, wb1~ is late for the area. ',11 . , -.. , O l: Indivic1ualplQts were 6.x,~ ,.feet with thrll$,repl1cations on Area ~' and two repli6at10na on Area 2 w1~,j;Q~ controls per ~~lication. Liquid '.' materials were applied with an experirii'8ntal boom sprayer at 35 psi and 90 gpa. Dry materials .were diluted with tOUI'QUSrta ot soil a~applied by hand. There was over 0%18inch of ra:lJi.1'allo"'r a three da;v.~Od beginning the daY following application. " ".J . Plots were rated period1o~ throughout the .season for discoloration and injury. Final orabgrass co~, detemination WBS made on October 2 on the basis of estimated percent oov~~ ~ce partial co~l often resulted in more vigorous crabgrass growth due ,to lack of turf c~:tition. 1 Assistant Professor, Instructor, G%'llduateAssistanf/ GI'aduate Assistant, AgronomyDepar1lnent, Pennsylvania State University and Superintendent, Springhaven ClUb, respectively.
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PRESENTANDFUTtJU OF AQUATIC'. WIlD
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Complete reports from 12 Nor~heaste
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The reawakening in aquatic weed con
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,10.1ng -2,4.,;iD (19), 2,4~5.T (4)
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9 The Role of the State in Res idue
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,., 1'4 keep developmental work in
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In addition to a review of field an
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State workers have to consider resi
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The vigorous regrowth of quackgrass
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during t,he sUllllller.is l,ower ll
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5. llslapon and other chlorine,ted
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23 • ·i INTRODUCTION: !!'he Bear
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Some damage to runners rssul ted fr
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27 CELLSTRUCTUREANDPLANTGROWTHCRMON
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pel'fQ.,..d,-.ear17M1932. that the
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a copious precipitate deposits afte
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B) A general review of the subject
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This narrative of ineptitude must b
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does Jo run a recreational facility
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Another pote1U:ialuse for chemicals
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Newapproaches in the use of herbici
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43 sentence would bear this out". T
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More and more each year since the a
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11. Rice, E. J. The effects of cUlt
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PFSI'ICIDESUSED - - - - - - - - - -
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__..:I whether or not these apparen
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Dosage. Ib./acre Dimethyl tetrachlo
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~ ~_~ __ L L Table 2. Weed Susceoti
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Table 7.. Weed Control in :l:!c,Ql1
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Table '1. Rat.1lISstI 'Of carrot an
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H , 'ta~l!. g,._~e~_O!~ut~• .:.:.
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65 plant press and dried in a f~ced
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67 Tablet. 'lIi! EFFECT'or AN'INO'l
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69 THE INFLUENCE JIt P.I!ll'ROLEUM
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71 1 CDEC(Ee) 2 " " 3 4 " 5 " " 6 7
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!a~l~ 1._ ~!:.c!: :!!1~hJl!:e.::m~d
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75 EFFECT;OFCOMPOSITIONANDVOLUMEOF
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A LOGARITHMICSPRAlERFORSMALLPLCflSY
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79 Do~ Calculations The actual init
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Selective Herbicides for Several Cr
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83 Susceptible weeds Tolerant weeds
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85 Marion Market 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Da
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Table 5. Bai
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weeding of Lima Bean. With Chemical
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EFFECTOF HERBICIDESONQUALITYANDYIEL
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Results Date treated: 9/6/61 Soil m
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95 Date planted: 915/61 Date treate
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Table 3. Yield Data on Hanover and
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Weeding of Carrots With 'pre-lilanU
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101 WEEDCONTROLSTUDIESIN SEElED ONI
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Weather conditions at the two locat
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In contrast to the damage noted in
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107 Literature Cited 1. Althaus. R.
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Table 1. Weed control: stand of pla
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Results and Discussion. The data, p
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CIPO, Vegadex, and Randox Singly or
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Table 1•. Wa. control, stand of p
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'Ihree experiments were conducted i
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a- Table 2_"COIIlpartsonof' Several
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fJ Table 3. CcBparison of Several.
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c
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Table 1. Seeding and Weed Counts on
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WEEDCONTROLANDTHE IMPROVEMENT OF SE
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Following emergence of the tomato s
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indicates that several of the treat
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DISCUSSIONOF RESULTS Transplant Tom
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harvest was covered with weeds, and
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An additional 2 years of tests on f
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~ Table 2 .--l Average Number and P
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~ Table 4 Total Yields in Number an
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"" ~ Table 6 Bvalu~t1.on of S&l~nto
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of weed eoneee I without inj ury 't
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1. Associate Research Specialist in
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Stulllll&ry A study was lh1tlatedto
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Table 2. The residual effects of se
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FURTHEROBSERVATIONS ONCONTROL OF TH
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Table 3 - Mean per cent brake contr
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lAssociate Research Spec1alist in W
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PRE-E~mRGENCE WEEDCONTROLTEST IN RE
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161 Table 2. Tolerance of Beets and
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163 Results generally were good wee
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USE OF GRANULAR CHl!H[CALAPPLICATOR
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u.s. #1 potatoes and weed control e
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0' ~ Table 2. Pre-emergent weed con
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Table 3. Post-hilling weed control
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~/Pe.nt>:r lITn. h.7(L T1o:oTl.,:r+
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In table 2 are presettted weed a*1'
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Since rec1root is only one of the I
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w.l.th 3 and 4 Ibs. ot Randox per a
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181 CONTROLOF ANNUALWEEDSIN pOTATOE
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The following comments on the vario
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185 S\:U!U!1fryand ConclWtlon No he
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187 Table 2. Potato YIelds Followin
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Residue analysis of potatoes treate
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soil temperatures at the time the m
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( ( ~able 2. Effect of Several Che~
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195 PROBLEMSIN THEAPPLICATIONOF HER
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197 scale tests on 2 cOlJllllercial
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l!!!! Experiment A factorial experi
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frOlll plot. at .horter i*nalt (~ t
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6.50 Table 1. Effe,ct of p"e- an
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205 EVALUATION0It' DACTHAL * HERBIC
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The 1959 and 1960 replicated field
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209 TABLEII Average Weed Cont~l Exh
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Where the weed eompleJl;conststs of
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...... 1.67, 213 Table 1. Effect of
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215 Table 2. Bffect of pre-plant he
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.217 Pive pre-plant herbicide. were
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219 Table 1. Effect of pre-p1anthel
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Table 2. tilat' of pre-plantbftb.tc
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l EVALUATIONOF THREEHERBICIDESONPnE
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TABLE2. TIll HIGHESTlATEOFHERBICIDE
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Because of the lush growth of quack
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Table 2. Effects of Herbicides on Q
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Table 3. Effects of Herbicides on A
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233 The inhibitory activity was ass
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non-polar solvents. Table 5 shows t
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237 Figure I Bioassay of cbrOlll4to
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239 Weed Control and Residual Effec
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Rototilling was done in June·' SO
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243 in the spring of 1961 preceedin
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WEEDCONTROL.AR
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Li£erature Cited 1. Chappell. W. E
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Tl'eatments ghing un.811~!8facto%'y
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Table 1. Designa t ion Am1l:)en .\
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Table 3. Percent Broadleat Weed Con
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,255 CONTROLOF ANNUALWlmDSIN swDT C
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of Casoron per acre was statistical
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~.-! _ 1.37 ~ Table 2. Sweet Corn Y
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Table 4. Peroent Control ot Ann.ual
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EVALUATIONOF FIVE _~p>I!:S FOR KILL
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265 STRAWBERRY HERBICIDEINVESTIGATI
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267 Table 2. Eftect Of'herbicidet~e
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'h ", 4. Tillam lOG at 5 lb/A a.i.
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Asparagus The results of weed contr
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273 TABLEII. ~1EED CONTROLANDYIELD
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~ C'l TABLE tv. lIEE» OON1T..OLAND
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WEEDCONTROLIN TRANSPLANT TOMATOES (
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279 ·QUACKGRASSCONTROL S.M. Raleig
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281 table II. The control of:'4oaek
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no cultivation during the growing s
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SummaryandConclu.1Qp' 1. A quackgra
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If or where farmer acceptance of a
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,~, ~ Tab1.e II. Chemical. Treatmen
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so11 per plot at each sampling date
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418' 293 Table III Main Eff,ects of
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Table V, }nt ...... e..• ,fa~, I;
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plots showed smaller decreases with
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FURTHEREVALUmONor HERBICIDESFal· W
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301 In the SUIIIIIlf)1' seeding, th
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The results were similar to those o
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In another experiment, loam soil wa
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apparently due to severe competitio
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ab1e 2. Average dry weight of corn
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311 The most strllt~Mrr~ct. ~fiIIJI
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313 RE9lfm'$~lfI)DI3CtlSSION '1.",
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315 LrrERATURECITED 1. Fertig, Stan
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.~ pattern following applications o
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Ratings at the time of'gJ;Vllst; al
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THERESPONSEOF NUTGRASS TO HERBIC~I)
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'\.......- TABLE2. Ratings of Nutgr
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All treatments produced si~1f~c~tly
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A 327 WEBDe
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. Eli'FECTSali' WEEDSON YIELD AND"G
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Pollen Maturity: ",l. ,. Broadleaf
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'--' The applicators were tested un
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335 Figure 1. The effeetof partic1e
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337 SRFeader 1 On this spreader onl
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Table 4. The effect of speed, p~~cl
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Table 1: Herbicidal treatments used
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·000 .000, I II ! WEEDCONTROLRATIN
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2.5000 CORNINJURY EXPRESSEDAS SQUAR
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347 1. 2. Danielson. l , ;4. L. Ef~
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',-- 34~ 3-(3 ..4-Dichlorophenyl)-1
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weed control with adequate safety t
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Untreated Table 2. Directed Post-E"
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.s .... __ Table 7. Pre-Emel'ae~eWe
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experiment is reported herE!. Trifl
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Results are given. in Table 4~J'Rot
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In Princeton fine sand, tritlupalin
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Included in the lima. bean test wer
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Table 1. The Effects ofS8veral form
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Table 3. The effects of several for
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369 Table 5. The effects of sev~ral
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• ~ : .• \ • ' -' ..,,:- ',-"
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Heights of barley were significantl
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Table 2. The effe,cts of s~\I'~ral
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Table 4. 377 The effects of aevel8.
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,:' A PROGRESSREPORTONCOMIo!ERCIAL
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4. Undesirable dead stem.,lio not r
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areas under service conditionsa~ va
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We ,prpbablyhave no speeie of g~owt
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control. At the end of the third ye
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initial defoliation was evident lat
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OBJECTIVE In 1958 an experiment was
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Replicates DlO 810 I 2.0 0.5 II 1.5
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DISCUSSION One Year After Applicati
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1. Button, E.F. Bndwrfg'h~';J .L. ,
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399 The treatment consisted of appl
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401 FIELD PROCEDURES Although. the
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403 In the light of these data it a
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405 ...·1!MLE I SAMPLECHARACTERIST
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407 , '.". '.·',',~'l~rL,i;'. "\"
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dltterent l"atespacaoreand"~"at thr
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411 RESULTS ireatmentettect was det
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, 413 ;. ' "1 ' "':j " • made wit
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( ( . Table 3. Effectiveness on Spe
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417 FENURQlt,A PROMISINGNEWTOOL FOR
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There are a number of reaso~ for un
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.n_ots, "'hhin a few months after:
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sater method ot tree-killing close
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Material ~izone is a,mixedf~g.. t w
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427 On November 16, 1961, at the en
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CHBMI-THINNINGWITH,AIrlINES IN THED
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These tests show once aaaiJithe nee
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Th:Ls ch!~ca1. tx'eatme:n1!_1IhClJ.
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: if.. . ' A Comparative Study of t
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'j 437 petioles, now elongated,f'or
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Helisoma, Menetus, fhYSa andValvata
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i s. The benth1c populat1Q~ W¥", O
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443 Eurasian. wa~lfoil a W8t.f~~ ap
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Empb4sis was on testing DOD-volatil
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447 . , , -. I':'V'est~a.ti
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FIELDOBSERVATIONS UPONESTUARINE ANI
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more than 2 feet. ExceptionalUdes s
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TABLE1. Responseof oysters t~ diffe
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In the'Dundee Creek series. ,one of
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workers. springer (1961) cite8& num
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OBSERVATIONSONTHE OCCURRENCE' ANDPE
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461 TABLE! Chemical Water QuaU1?::r
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TABLEIII Threshold Taste and Odor C
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(1.1-) Burttschell, R.H. , et al.,
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Code A - seeded June 29 B - seeded
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SUIIIIJ~, ~ Conclusions 5' 469 The
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III. Average turf scores l' of thre
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474 PIft'J'OTOXICBlFBQTS'QJe'CBRTAI
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476 MERIONBLUEGBASS• T!BATANDsgD
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478 In general. the treatments appl
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4BJ days follow:lng the ohemical tr
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') ') ' :_B!.ue~s•. Fescue au:l~"
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:". ',J P~E~ C!',. O~.C~G~S 'F.~HEM
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Lima and ferd'1izer applications sh
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4es 1'.o~~1ty, ", .ewf!r''''rsenc.
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} ) Table 1. Besu):ta.Qf 1961 pre-e
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492 corresponding plots on este.bl1
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496 D±!3pa,~n~ Resul te)I? .,l-ta,
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498 1 . 1 J. E. Gallagher and n. J.
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500 Da1;ejJ01 e~uations ~,a.;t'ollC
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502 TADLEIt Comparison of "severalc
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504 TADLE3: Pre-oemergence and poet
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506 Table 1. Re8eeding Resulte:afit
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5"8 d1propalin ortrifluralin 'at ':
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510 aUlIPIl iri '-1: ' D" "" Diphen
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Fall ve. spriif ~nts .. 'Ibe",obl1.
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514 ~ Tab1e2. Cr&bgraS$'Contr01 in
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516 ,';1:".i'"'f'!r": :~,j i: .. r
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. ~lS residual cemtrol of crabgrssi
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520 - . \.. ; ."," ,
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5~2 'rab4t13.· ~gtnc. ·QGabtiol:o
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524 PRE.._RGENCE AMU' POsT-EHERGENC
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526 Table 1. 'l'a):lsra,. ContrO.k1
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528 Pre- andpost ..emergejljCec:rab
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530 Prior to each chemical applicat
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u 532 3) Those trea.t,mellts which
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Table I (Coot'd) 27. JSc.F,~iOe t$~
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536 EXPERIMENTS ONTHECHOOCALCOIm'l)
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~______ , 53S Table 1: Control of c
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54' In a similar po st-ell1~rgence
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542 da~hal and diphenatrile) at ear
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.. ";' -:' il; JT!.: .'\ i~'J" ; ~J
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541 Distr:tbution of radioacti~tl t
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549 •RESULTS The distribution of
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GRAPHII: Comparison of the~.tl;'i~u
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"-...-.. J.4 The distribution of r~
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