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Vol. 16—1962 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society

Vol. 16—1962 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society

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450<br />

OJJJCfIVES<br />

A major aim of the toxicolDC!aal~ttudles con4~ br.the Institute<br />

during 1961 has been to determine Whether or not the field application to'<br />

milfoil of attaclay pellets impregnated with the butoXT_ethanol_ester of<br />

2,4-D causes lethal effects upon species of~ommercial importance that<br />

occur in the Chesapeakearea. A second objective was to determine if<br />

herbicide residues are present lal tissues' of ·food sp.des held in experi. ,<br />

mental plots durinc aad after treaUlent. An addit1_1objectivehas beellc<br />

the accumulation of"dati. concernliii,~the etfect of treatment on other<br />

aquatic aniJilals and plants natlvelto' the treated ar ... ~~<br />

~ ,.:,X ~ -, '1 ~,<br />

This particular f'ormulatiOl1of a,4-Dwas Ielect4citor the study be;.;·'::<br />

cause ear11er research .(Beaven,1,601Steenis andStotti., 1961) had' '<br />

demonstrated its etfectiveneu and apparent safet", •• used'for mllfolli<br />

control in local tldalareas. '1'" . fl' ;'<br />

rl ~<br />

LOCATIONOFUPElUMENTALPLO!l'Sj I<br />

·i.- -"t' \ .' 'fl.<br />

Important commercial:fisherits!or the easte·rn-,zofster (Crassostrea<br />

rM:inica), the blue crab (CallipHttssapidus )ud.-ahe softshell clam<br />

M arenaria) occur in the saltier waters invaded bVmilfoil. For this<br />

reason, the primary area selected for st1,1dywall..tb.t1,lower PotomacRiver<br />

where these three species occur. Field trips were madein early spring<br />

to selectll1llfoll irifestedcreslts:ol" 'coves where onwcll. plots could be<br />

laid out. It wasessentia.l that [the.e be well sheUtJ!edand subjected to<br />

a minimumof water dispersal from:tlde and wind moveMnt. The three most<br />

suitable Potomactributaries meetlng·these specificatloDs were St.Patrlck<br />

Creek and 'Wblte Neck Creek on the Ma17landshore amULOwerMachodocCreek<br />

on the Virginia slde.In each of ,these, oysters aril:planted~ commercial<br />

crabbing and f1shlngarepracticecl taM.'beds of naUte,sottshell clams are<br />

present although not exploited commercially. An additional area, Dundee<br />

Creek near the head of the Chesapeake, was chosen for observations in<br />

fresh to barely brackish tidal water. ' :':; "J.<br />

r:,.,"<br />

In the'potomacexperiments't~l'ee replications 9'l-itreatments were \",<br />

madeduring late spring at 3Ellbu:,acid equivalentdt 2.4-D per acre.<br />

60 Ibs. AElAandof'untreated control plots. A single plot treated at th.'~<br />

rate of 120 Ibs. AE/Aand a fourth control plot .werf,lIalaolOCated in this;'<br />

area. These provided observations of applications, madeduring the most<br />

favorable period for herbicide effectiveness, at double and quadruple the<br />

quantity shownby'priorexperiBlen\t,(30 Ibs. AE!A):te,beaufficient for .<br />

good contro~. SUbsequentobse~at10's this lear (Slfenls et al 1962) have<br />

shownthat over large plots, 20 Iba. :AE/Acan supptijiAlillfollunder proper<br />

conditions of application.<br />

;:.;." J\'" :<br />

Each one-acre plot was roUBblf"square in shapeJ.-d"contained dense"<br />

beds of milfoil. Plots were measured with floatingpolTethylene rope and'<br />

corners markedby stakes set firmly in the bottom aDd projecting eight or<br />

more feet above the surface. Each plot was designated by a number. Average<br />

depth was apprOXimately3 feet with tidal fluctuations of a little

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