Vol. 16â1962 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society
Vol. 16â1962 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society Vol. 16â1962 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society
424 PLANTRESFONSETO T~IZONE E. G. Terrell, Jr. SOIL Fu~I~,N7 Weed control in forest tree nurseries continues to be a high labor cost operation despite the general use since 1948 of petroleun distillate or oil sprays. (2,S). In the Northeast, weed control is complicated by the great variety of species grown for reforestation. Some are tolerant while others are sensitive or intolerant. Seedlings of Scotch pine and larch, while ordinarily not killed by moderate amounts of oil spray applied during the first year, are often damaged so that plantable-size seedlings are not produced Ul 2 years. Hardwood seedlings, which are intolerant to oil spray must be handweeded or cultivated. Weed control in seedbeds is most important during the first year when the small, relatively slow-growing seedlings are least able to stand the competition of fast-growing weeds. Hand-weeding is costly, and may do considerable damage if weeds are allowed to get large. The use of soil surface herbicides, such as Neburon. before or soon after tree seed germination causes high seedling mortality in some species. Weed control need not be considered sep~ately from the control of other nursery pests if one treatment will provide effective control of both. Soil funigants. ~~hich erradicate or greatly reduce the numbers of living weed seeds and weed vegetative parts, as well as nematodes. fungi, and insects. are useful nursery tools. They can help the nurseryman get the seedlings past the first critical year with a minimum of damage by pests. Soil funigation is not new; in fact. it has been in use since World War I left large stocks of Chloropicrin (4). Funigation with methyl bromide under hand-sealed plastic tarps has become standard practice in some Southern nurseries. but adoption of the practice in the Northeast has been slow. Labor costs, soil temperatures. sowing times. and tIle severity of the damage by weeds and pests in the Northeast are quite different from those in the South. The development of a tractor-mounted combination injector-tarp layer by the DowChemical Co. led to our resumption of funigant testing in 1959 (1,6). Results obtained from an application of one of the test materials, Trizone. is reported here. l 1 Manager. Saratoga Tree Nursery. N. Y. State Conservation Department, Saratoga Springs, N. Y.
Material ~izone is a,mixedf~g.. t with the fol~owing composition by weight (:l): ::::f', t f·J· Methyl bl'~4't'l •. 61~0% ChloropiQl'4p t' :.jao.O% 3",BromopropYM (proparg . , , , " bromid,) ,~:' 60;8% BrQlllj.nated Csh¥QroclU'bons 4 ~.~ . . p • It i. a, :l~~d ,t (j8o,~, ~1l pressures~29 lb. per sq. in. and is, supplielll in 175 lh."iA:ly~~er".Re~ dosages are from 1~O-2QO lh.per.;ClCre 4JPeIJlI\ing upon tma·Wtv,erity and the nature of the I\4l8t Pro~18lll.1 ,.'/ i . " . ';r
- Page 373 and 374: Heights of barley were significantl
- Page 375 and 376: Table 2. The effe,cts of s~\I'~ral
- Page 377 and 378: Table 4. 377 The effects of aevel8.
- Page 379 and 380: ,:' A PROGRESSREPORTONCOMIo!ERCIAL
- Page 381 and 382: 4. Undesirable dead stem.,lio not r
- Page 383 and 384: areas under service conditionsa~ va
- Page 385 and 386: We ,prpbablyhave no speeie of g~owt
- Page 387 and 388: control. At the end of the third ye
- Page 389 and 390: initial defoliation was evident lat
- Page 391 and 392: OBJECTIVE In 1958 an experiment was
- Page 393 and 394: Replicates DlO 810 I 2.0 0.5 II 1.5
- Page 395 and 396: DISCUSSION One Year After Applicati
- Page 397 and 398: 1. Button, E.F. Bndwrfg'h~';J .L. ,
- Page 399 and 400: 399 The treatment consisted of appl
- Page 401 and 402: 401 FIELD PROCEDURES Although. the
- Page 403 and 404: 403 In the light of these data it a
- Page 405 and 406: 405 ...·1!MLE I SAMPLECHARACTERIST
- Page 407 and 408: 407 , '.". '.·',',~'l~rL,i;'. "\"
- Page 409 and 410: dltterent l"atespacaoreand"~"at thr
- Page 411 and 412: 411 RESULTS ireatmentettect was det
- Page 413 and 414: , 413 ;. ' "1 ' "':j " • made wit
- Page 415 and 416: ( ( . Table 3. Effectiveness on Spe
- Page 417 and 418: 417 FENURQlt,A PROMISINGNEWTOOL FOR
- Page 419 and 420: There are a number of reaso~ for un
- Page 421 and 422: .n_ots, "'hhin a few months after:
- Page 423: sater method ot tree-killing close
- Page 427 and 428: 427 On November 16, 1961, at the en
- Page 429 and 430: CHBMI-THINNINGWITH,AIrlINES IN THED
- Page 431 and 432: These tests show once aaaiJithe nee
- Page 433 and 434: Th:Ls ch!~ca1. tx'eatme:n1!_1IhClJ.
- Page 435 and 436: : if.. . ' A Comparative Study of t
- Page 437 and 438: 'j 437 petioles, now elongated,f'or
- Page 439 and 440: Helisoma, Menetus, fhYSa andValvata
- Page 441 and 442: i s. The benth1c populat1Q~ W¥", O
- Page 443 and 444: 443 Eurasian. wa~lfoil a W8t.f~~ ap
- Page 445 and 446: Empb4sis was on testing DOD-volatil
- Page 447 and 448: 447 . , , -. I':'V'est~a.ti
- Page 449 and 450: FIELDOBSERVATIONS UPONESTUARINE ANI
- Page 451 and 452: more than 2 feet. ExceptionalUdes s
- Page 453 and 454: TABLE1. Responseof oysters t~ diffe
- Page 455 and 456: In the'Dundee Creek series. ,one of
- Page 457 and 458: workers. springer (1961) cite8& num
- Page 459 and 460: OBSERVATIONSONTHE OCCURRENCE' ANDPE
- Page 461 and 462: 461 TABLE! Chemical Water QuaU1?::r
- Page 463 and 464: TABLEIII Threshold Taste and Odor C
- Page 465 and 466: (1.1-) Burttschell, R.H. , et al.,
- Page 467 and 468: Code A - seeded June 29 B - seeded
- Page 469 and 470: SUIIIIJ~, ~ Conclusions 5' 469 The
- Page 472 and 473: III. Average turf scores l' of thre
424<br />
PLANTRESFONSETO T~IZONE<br />
E. G. Terrell, Jr.<br />
SOIL Fu~I~,N7<br />
<strong>Weed</strong> control in forest tree nurseries continues to be a high<br />
labor cost operation despite the general use since 1948 of<br />
petroleun distillate or oil sprays. (2,S). In the Northeast,<br />
weed control is complicated by the great variety of species<br />
grown for reforestation. Some are tolerant while others are<br />
sensitive or intolerant. Seedlings of Scotch pine and larch,<br />
while ordinarily not killed by moderate amounts of oil spray<br />
applied during the first year, are often damaged so that<br />
plantable-size seedlings are not produced Ul 2 years. Hardwood<br />
seedlings, which are intolerant to oil spray must be handweeded<br />
or cultivated.<br />
<strong>Weed</strong> control in seedbeds is most important during the first<br />
year when the small, relatively slow-growing seedlings are<br />
least able to stand the competition of fast-growing weeds.<br />
Hand-weeding is costly, and may do considerable damage if<br />
weeds are allowed to get large. The use of soil surface<br />
herbicides, such as Neburon. before or soon after tree seed<br />
germination causes high seedling mortality in some species.<br />
<strong>Weed</strong> control need not be considered sep~ately from the control<br />
of other nursery pests if one treatment will provide effective<br />
control of both. Soil funigants. ~~hich erradicate or greatly<br />
reduce the numbers of living weed seeds and weed vegetative<br />
parts, as well as nematodes. fungi, and insects. are useful<br />
nursery tools. They can help the nurseryman get the seedlings<br />
past the first critical year with a minimum of damage by pests.<br />
Soil funigation is not new; in fact. it has been in use since<br />
World War I left large stocks of Chloropicrin (4). Funigation<br />
with methyl bromide under hand-sealed plastic tarps has become<br />
standard practice in some Southern nurseries. but adoption of<br />
the practice in the Northeast has been slow. Labor costs,<br />
soil temperatures. sowing times. and tIle severity of the<br />
damage by weeds and pests in the Northeast are quite different<br />
from those in the South.<br />
The development of a tractor-mounted combination injector-tarp<br />
layer by the DowChemical Co. led to our resumption of funigant<br />
testing in 1959 (1,6). Results obtained from an application of<br />
one of the test materials, Trizone. is reported here.<br />
l<br />
1 Manager. Saratoga Tree Nursery. N. Y. State Conservation<br />
Department, Saratoga Springs, N. Y.