Vol. 16â1962 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society
Vol. 16â1962 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society Vol. 16â1962 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society
332 VARIATIONDfTHE I'UJt1RATE(Jt GlWIJLAB.Am.1CATcai$l ~.~C'. Glace,J •. A. ~ and P. W. sant~2 '. :" ,'''~ , .;, " Lr1d "',; ": ~,',~·:)S;):". " (;t'anylar 'b.rb~cLde8 are .incr~i.I4Ds in 1mportan~et.pthe eastern Unite4" States, 'a8 is'evidenced by increaBing'sales of this form of herbicides. However, there has been considerable question as to the efficienty of the machines used to apply the granular particles. This is one of the main problems confronting those who would rather use the granular forms of herb1ci4es.Tb,e i!n~ortance of th'dlJ;'0blem is becOllliqal~~ acute as herbic1d~. ,fOtlDul~~X:s Jllake granular;:JII&~rialsmore con-.~tr.ted, part1cularlyt where the rates apPlied per acrear.~ 'lUa;Y low. 'rhisl!'.Wez:wntwas set UP- I to .dfitetmine if, tht.te,.11 vari~i4,~~ -(n cOIIIIIlercial.srMUlar appliqators. MaterJ.!1eend Methods " _ ' • .,i _ ,: .'.' .'. . . r -':, Four different granul.ar app~~~tOf~s wer,e compare~. "Two of th •• e machi•• were row crop applicators and two were of the law spreader tyPe. All were the most recent models of machines widely available on the market. ,They were as follOWs: ' . Applicator 1 - A row crop herbicide applicator, planter mounted, ground driven, 2 row type, the output regulated by a dial on the rear of the hopper which moved a plate on the bottom of the hopper and adjusted the hopper openings, with a flanged force feed rotor bar (agitator) inside the hopper at the base, the flanges treversing the full width of the hopper. Applicator 2 - Similar to Applicator 1 except that the flanged agitator bar inside the hopper did not traverse the full hopper width. The flanges only covered the immediate area of the outlet holes. Spreader 1 - A standard 2 wheel, oblong hopper lawn spreader, with the outlet holes covered on the outside of the hopper by a base plate. In operation the plate moves to the rear to open the holes. The output is regulated (by means of a c~librated plate on the hopper) by the distance the base plate is moved. Spreader 2 - Similar to Spreader 1 except that the output is regulated by a dial at the upper end of the handle. This limits the degree to which the handle can be turned to open the holes in the base of the hopper. The base plate moves to the side to open the outlet holes, rather than to the rear. !/ Scientific Article No. A952 Contribution No. 3315, of the Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station, Department of Agronomy. 1/ Graduate Assistant, Assistant Professor and Associate Professor, respectively, Department of Agronomy, Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station, College park, Maryland.
'--' The applicators were tested undertbe conditi~ns whielirWould be encountered fn normal practice. The row crop appJ;1cators were mount~d on a planter and tested on level land that had been worked and leveled as for corn planting. The planter shoes were run in the soil. The lawn'spreaders were tested on a bluegrass lawn. The granules distributed by the row crop applicators, were collected by placing the delivery tubes into bOttles and the material collected was weighed. The outpQt of each delivery tube was collected and recorded separately so that it woulc be determined if there w8s:a difference in the rate of delivery. A calibration box was designed to collect the herbicide delivered by the lawn spreaders. The settings on the appl~cators were not changed during the course of the experiment. The length of each run was 150 feet for the row crop applicators and 75 feet for the lawn'spreaders. 333 The variables were: (1) Three granule sizes - 30/60 granule size l~ 2,4-D; 24/48 granule size l~ DNBPj and 15/30 granule size 2~ CIPC. (~) Three speeds (2, 4 and 6 mph) for the row crop applicators or two speeds (2 and 3 ~h) for the lawn spreaders. (3) Three levels of material in the hopper (~ full, ~ full or full) The materials used for the different granule sizes were commercial herbicides on attaclay. For the field applicators the tachometer on the tractor was used as the standard and the tractor was run in the lowest gear which would attain the desired speed, so that each speedwou1d be as constant as possible. A speedometer was mounted on the lawn spreaders so that the speed could be determined and maintained as a constant. Four repetitions were made with each variable, and the data statistically analyzed. . RESULTSANDDISCUSSION!. The different applicators used~atied in different ways and so each wi11' be discussed separately. - APplicator I The weight ·of~materi~l delivered by the machine decreased as the speed'was increased. This might be explainedtn that once the nt.terial is carried over . the opening it becomes a matter of gravity feed and the faster the rotor bar:!s turning the less material will be able; to pass through the opening before the next blade will sweep away what is left. The left delivery tube yielded significantly ,greater amounts than the right side. The effect of particle size was highly significant with most of the difference being between the 15/30 size and the two smaller sizes. A sharp decrease in the amount of material delivered occurred between the 15/30 size particle and the 24/48, and then there was a slight increase to the 30/60 '--' granule size.
- Page 281 and 282: 281 table II. The control of:'4oaek
- Page 283 and 284: no cultivation during the growing s
- Page 285 and 286: SummaryandConclu.1Qp' 1. A quackgra
- Page 287 and 288: If or where farmer acceptance of a
- Page 289 and 290: ,~, ~ Tab1.e II. Chemical. Treatmen
- Page 291 and 292: so11 per plot at each sampling date
- Page 293 and 294: 418' 293 Table III Main Eff,ects of
- Page 295 and 296: Table V, }nt ...... e..• ,fa~, I;
- Page 297 and 298: plots showed smaller decreases with
- Page 299 and 300: FURTHEREVALUmONor HERBICIDESFal· W
- Page 301 and 302: 301 In the SUIIIIIlf)1' seeding, th
- Page 303 and 304: The results were similar to those o
- Page 305 and 306: In another experiment, loam soil wa
- Page 307 and 308: apparently due to severe competitio
- Page 309 and 310: ab1e 2. Average dry weight of corn
- Page 311 and 312: 311 The most strllt~Mrr~ct. ~fiIIJI
- Page 313 and 314: 313 RE9lfm'$~lfI)DI3CtlSSION '1.",
- Page 315 and 316: 315 LrrERATURECITED 1. Fertig, Stan
- Page 317 and 318: .~ pattern following applications o
- Page 319 and 320: Ratings at the time of'gJ;Vllst; al
- Page 321 and 322: THERESPONSEOF NUTGRASS TO HERBIC~I)
- Page 323 and 324: '\.......- TABLE2. Ratings of Nutgr
- Page 325 and 326: All treatments produced si~1f~c~tly
- Page 327 and 328: A 327 WEBDe
- Page 329 and 330: . Eli'FECTSali' WEEDSON YIELD AND"G
- Page 331: Pollen Maturity: ",l. ,. Broadleaf
- Page 335 and 336: 335 Figure 1. The effeetof partic1e
- Page 337 and 338: 337 SRFeader 1 On this spreader onl
- Page 339 and 340: Table 4. The effect of speed, p~~cl
- Page 341 and 342: Table 1: Herbicidal treatments used
- Page 343 and 344: ·000 .000, I II ! WEEDCONTROLRATIN
- Page 345 and 346: 2.5000 CORNINJURY EXPRESSEDAS SQUAR
- Page 347 and 348: 347 1. 2. Danielson. l , ;4. L. Ef~
- Page 349 and 350: ',-- 34~ 3-(3 ..4-Dichlorophenyl)-1
- Page 351 and 352: weed control with adequate safety t
- Page 353 and 354: Untreated Table 2. Directed Post-E"
- Page 355 and 356: .s .... __ Table 7. Pre-Emel'ae~eWe
- Page 357 and 358: experiment is reported herE!. Trifl
- Page 359 and 360: Results are given. in Table 4~J'Rot
- Page 361 and 362: In Princeton fine sand, tritlupalin
- Page 363 and 364: Included in the lima. bean test wer
- Page 365 and 366: Table 1. The Effects ofS8veral form
- Page 367 and 368: Table 3. The effects of several for
- Page 369 and 370: 369 Table 5. The effects of sev~ral
- Page 371 and 372: • ~ : .• \ • ' -' ..,,:- ',-"
- Page 373 and 374: Heights of barley were significantl
- Page 375 and 376: Table 2. The effe,cts of s~\I'~ral
- Page 377 and 378: Table 4. 377 The effects of aevel8.
- Page 379 and 380: ,:' A PROGRESSREPORTONCOMIo!ERCIAL
- Page 381 and 382: 4. Undesirable dead stem.,lio not r
'--' The applicators were tested undertbe conditi~ns whielirWould be encountered fn<br />
normal practice. The row crop appJ;1cators were mount~d on a planter and tested<br />
on level land that had been worked and leveled as for corn planting. The planter<br />
shoes were run in the soil. The lawn'spreaders were tested on a bluegrass lawn.<br />
The granules distributed by the row crop applicators, were collected by<br />
placing the delivery tubes into bOttles and the material collected was weighed.<br />
The outpQt of each delivery tube was collected and recorded separately so that<br />
it woulc be determined if there w8s:a difference in the rate of delivery. A<br />
calibration box was designed to collect the herbicide delivered by the lawn<br />
spreaders. The settings on the appl~cators were not changed during the course<br />
of the experiment. The length of each run was 150 feet for the row crop<br />
applicators and 75 feet for the lawn'spreaders.<br />
333<br />
The variables<br />
were:<br />
(1) Three granule sizes - 30/60 granule size l~ 2,4-D; 24/48<br />
granule size l~ DNBPj and 15/30 granule size 2~ CIPC.<br />
(~) Three speeds (2, 4 and 6 mph) for the row crop applicators<br />
or two speeds (2 and 3 ~h) for the lawn spreaders.<br />
(3) Three levels of material in the hopper (~ full, ~ full or full)<br />
The materials used for the different granule sizes were<br />
commercial herbicides on attaclay.<br />
For the field applicators the tachometer on the tractor was used as the<br />
standard and the tractor was run in the lowest gear which would attain the<br />
desired speed, so that each speedwou1d be as constant as possible. A<br />
speedometer was mounted on the lawn spreaders so that the speed could be<br />
determined and maintained as a constant. Four repetitions were made with each<br />
variable, and the data statistically analyzed. .<br />
RESULTSANDDISCUSSION!.<br />
The different applicators used~atied in different ways and so each wi11'<br />
be discussed separately. -<br />
APplicator<br />
I<br />
The weight ·of~materi~l delivered by the machine decreased as the speed'was<br />
increased. This might be explainedtn that once the nt.terial is carried over .<br />
the opening it becomes a matter of gravity feed and the faster the rotor bar:!s<br />
turning the less material will be able; to pass through the opening before the<br />
next blade will sweep away what is left. The left delivery tube yielded<br />
significantly ,greater amounts than the right side.<br />
The effect of particle size was highly significant with most of the<br />
difference being between the 15/30 size and the two smaller sizes. A sharp<br />
decrease in the amount of material delivered occurred between the 15/30 size<br />
particle and the 24/48, and then there was a slight increase to the 30/60<br />
'--' granule size.
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