KOROR STATE GOVERNMENT MARINE TOUR GUIDE ... - C3

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Jellyfish Lake’s golden jellyfish are considered a distinct subspecies of Mastigias papua, the common lagoon golden jellyfish. This designation reflects the population’s unique migratory pattern and its distinct appearance i.e. its unique adaptations to life in Jellyfish Lake. These heritable differences must be underpinned by genetic differences. How fast does a golden jellyfish grow? Best estimates suggest that the bell diameter of a golden jellyfish increases at about 1 cm per week on average. (The bell is the top part of the animal that looks like an umbrella.) At this rate, it takes the average medusa around 2 to 3 months to reach sexually maturity, which corresponds to a bell diameter of about 7 cm. However, some evidence suggests individual may grow more slowly when the population gets quite large, taking many months to reach sexually maturity. How long does an individual golden jellyfish live? It is difficult to reliably estimate the life span of the average jellyfish in Jellyfish Lake. It seems likely that a given individual lives about 6 months to a year before dying but it could be longer. Do the golden jellyfish sting? How about the moon jellyfish (Aurelia sp. 4)? Yes, both the golden and moon jellyfish sting although very mildly. Stinging structures are used to capture small prey. Unlike golden jellies, moon jellies rely completely on their stinging cells, which dot most of their surfaces, to capture sufficient prey to meet their energy needs. How do the jellyfish reproduce? The familiar, swimming animal we identify as a jellyfish (properly called a medusa) is actually one of two very different, relatively long-lived life stages that characterize the life cycle of most jellyfish species. The second life stage is the polyp, a minute (only several millimeters in size), free-living animal that looks somewhat like a very small sea anemone - complete with a mouth surrounded by a ring of tentacles situated on the end of a stalk that attaches the animal permanently to its habitat. The medusa and polyp life stages are related to each other in the following way: medusae give rise to polyps and polyps produce new medusae. The transition between one life stage and another occurs cyclically in the following manner. 58
Like humans, a given medusa is either female or male. Female medusae produce eggs and male medusae sperm. The fertilization of an egg by a sperm produces a small, round, swimming organism called a larva. Upon maturation, which takes several days, the larva locates a suitable habitat on the side of the lake, usually a rock, dead leaf or piece of wood, stops swimming and settles down on it. The larva then undergoes a radical physical change, transforming itself from a round, swimming ball of cells into a sedentary polyp with tentacle-surrounded mouth and supportive stalk. The polyp then lives its entire life attached to that object, using its tentacles to capture small animals from the environment around it. Polyps are reproductively more flexible than medusae (which can only give rise to polyps via sperm and eggs and the motile larval stage) in that they can produce both new polyps and new medusae. Individual polyps give rise to new polyps by producing a small outgrowth from their body that detaches, swims away, settles on the bottom and quickly grows into a replicate of its parent polyp, complete with all the reproductive abilities of its parent. Alternatively, under certain conditions, a polyp will produce a new medusa by physically transforming its mouth and tentacle end into a very small medusa (about 2-3mm diameter), which pops off, swims away, and grows into a mature sexually reproductive medusa. The remaining polyp then regrows a mouth and tentacles and lives on with the potential to produce additional medusae and polyps. Golden jellyfish polyps, note golden color due to mutualistic algae. Lower right hand corner: Polyp producing a new medusa. 59
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Koror State Government Tour Guide C
Page 3 and 4:
Chapter 4: TRADITIONAL & CONTEMPORA
Page 5 and 6:
Permission to utilize information P
Page 8 and 9: 1.1 Geography of Palau 1.1.1 Locati
Page 10 and 11: 1.1.3 Geology and Formation The vol
Page 12 and 13: As a result the Traditional Leaders
Page 14 and 15: sports activities. Tourism has also
Page 16 and 17: approval of the OEK is the creation
Page 20 and 21: Chapter 2: The Tour Guide 20
Page 22 and 23: 2.1.3 Roles of the tour guide Apart
Page 24 and 25: 2.4.1 Snorkel in the Comfort Zone T
Page 26 and 27: when diving, make sure their buoyan
Page 28 and 29: • When leading a group you must w
Page 30 and 31: 2.9 Interesting Natural History Fac
Page 32 and 33: weak or non-existent currents. Insi
Page 34 and 35: the cut and drift along the edge of
Page 36 and 37: Gozan Maru A 305ft long naval cargo
Page 38 and 39: Chapter 3: Marine Environment 38
Page 40 and 41: Though most conservation areas are
Page 42 and 43: 2. Reduce unnecessary burning. Burn
Page 44 and 45: 3.4 Seagrass Beds Palau has extensi
Page 46 and 47: Usually, spawning occurs 3-5 days a
Page 48 and 49: 3.6 Threats to Coral Reefs 3.6.1 Pr
Page 50 and 51: 3.6.2 Climate Change What is coral
Page 52 and 53: Coral Bleaching Event in Palau The
Page 54 and 55: glacial period, approximately 20,00
Page 56 and 57: Lake and lagoon golden jellyfish al
Page 60 and 61: How many golden jellyfish inhabit t
Page 62 and 63: anemone population has quickly expa
Page 64 and 65: 3.8 Important Marine Life 3.8.1 Mar
Page 66 and 67: 3.8.3 Sharks A lot of bad publicity
Page 68 and 69: 3.8.5 Sea Snakes and Sea Kraits Alt
Page 70 and 71: Pat Colin Human Impacts Turtle popu
Page 72 and 73: Sources for Additional Reading: The
Page 74: Organization and focus Oceana=works
Page 77 and 78: This section covers a few aspects o
Page 79 and 80: 4.2 Palauan Money Udoud According t
Page 81 and 82: 4.5 Rock Island Art and Historical
Page 83 and 84: 4.6 Stone Monoliths Stone carvings
Page 85 and 86: 4.8 Bai A traditional Palauan meeti
Page 87 and 88: traded metal tools with them, and t
Page 89 and 90: 5.1 Historical Periods The history
Page 91 and 92: 5.1.3 Modern Times At the start of
Page 93 and 94: Site Name Ngerengchol 5.2 Historica
Page 95 and 96: 5.3 Best Practice Guidelines for Si
Page 97 and 98: 6.1 An Overview Traditional Knowled
Page 99 and 100: • Carbon dioxide excess • Decom
Page 101 and 102: 6. Life-Threatening Emergencies: Ch
Page 103 and 104: 6.3.1 Hazardous marine animal injur
Page 105 and 106: 6.4 Dive Equipment 6.4.1 Dive Equip
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7.1 NATIONAL GOVERNMENT WATER SAFET
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proper working order. Each Supervis
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7.3.2 Personal Flotation Device Eve
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7.4 Palau Marine Advisory System Th
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117
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7.5 KOROR STATE WATER SAFETY REGULA
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7.5.5 Emergency Information a) Be f
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7.5.10 Personal Watercraft (See Kor
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making headway, as typified by, but
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7.6.8 Section VIII DEPTH RESTRICTIO
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129
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8.1 KOROR STATE ROCKS ISLANDS MANAG
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8.2 KOROR STATE ENVIRONMENTAL AND C
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Table 2 Designated Tourist Areas an
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SUMMARY OF KOROR STATE ENVIORNMENTA
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FISHING LICENSES • Koror State Pu
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of the entrance to the Ngkisaol isl
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Additionally, any violator shall be
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of Ngchelobel; the island of Ngeang
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for a non-commercial fishing licens
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• Protected Sea Life sets regulat
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Table 6: Invertebrate Species Regul
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8.4 Environmental Quality & Protect
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environment” will become especial
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(K) "Licensing or Permitting Agency
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(3) The Class B designation should
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2401-11-27 Palau Discharge Permit A
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(A) The Board may either approve, c
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WATER USE AREAS: CLASSIFICATION AND
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2401-11-48 Contents of Certificatio
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MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS 2401-11-56
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DO: Keep all waste on board in pro
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KOROR STATE GOVERNMENT MARINE TOUR GUIDE ... - C3

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