Inception Report - CDEMA

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Appendix 4: Annotated Outline of the Model Community-Based Climate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction (MCCCDRR) Programme GLOSSARY OF TERMS To be completed in final version: the definition of these terms will be taken from the Comprehensive Disaster Management (CDM) Strategy and Programme Framework 2007- 2012; and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) glossary of climate change terms i . LIST OF ACRONYMS To be completed in final version 1. BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT There is a general consensus that climate change is already happening and that its impacts will likely get worse before they get better. The nations of CARICOM 7 contribute less than 1% to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (approx. 0.33% 8 ) (World Resource Institute, 2008), yet these countries are expected to be among the earliest and most severely impacted by climate change in the coming decades, and are least able to adapt to climate change impacts (Nurse et al., 2009). Climate change and disaster risk reduction are inextricably linked and the region has decades of experience with climate-related disasters that have resulted in loss of lives and livelihoods. It follows, therefore, that if preventative measures are taken to avoid disasters, resilience to a climate-related event is enhanced and a first line of defence against climate change is established. A practical application of this would be to use knowledge and expertise about building resilience to existing climate variability as a starting point for developing adaptation policies, taking into account that climate change will exacerbate existing climate hazards. It is important to mention that climate hazards do not always cause disasters. It is the combination of a hazard event with an exposed, vulnerable and ill-prepared system (country, institution, community, household, or ecosystem) that results in a disaster. This combination is even more likely to happen since climate change will increase the frequency and/or severity of weather and climate hazards (IPCC Fourth Assessment Report), and climate change will simultaneously increase communities’ vulnerability to natural hazards due to the combined effects of ecosystem degradation, reduced availability of water for ecosystems and agriculture, and changes in peoples’ livelihoods (UNISDR). Communities are often vulnerable because they have few livelihood assets that would improve their adaptive capacity to hazards. And of all the factors that make communities vulnerable, poverty is the most significant. Participatory approaches to community disaster risk reduction that empower communities to protect their own livelihoods are therefore now widely used. 7 Members of CARICOM: Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Montserrat, Saint Lucia, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago. CDEMA’s participating states include all CARICOM states as well as Anguilla, British Virgin Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands. 8 The Caribbean Islands contribute about 6% of the total emissions from the Latin America and Caribbean Region grouping and the Latin America and Caribbean Region is estimated to generate 5.5% of global CO 2 emissions in 2001 (UNEP 2003). 48
The Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency (CDEMA) has fully adopted the principles and practice of Comprehensive Disaster Management (CDM), which is an integrated and proactive approach to disaster management. A Regional Programming Framework has been developed for the period 2005 to 2015 in order to integrate CDM into development processes in the CDEMA participating states through five thematic areas: 1. Hazard mapping and vulnerability assessment 2. Flood management 3. Community disaster planning 4. Early warning systems 5. Climate change 6. Knowledge enhancement Building resilience of nations and communities to hazard impacts was determined as the overall focus for the Caribbean region, and it was proposed that resources would be sought to expand and replicate several on-going best practices throughout the region. The MCCCDRR Programme has been developed to enhance community awareness of and knowledge about climate change under Outcome 2 of the two-year Mainstreaming Climate Change into Disaster Risk Management for the Caribbean Region (CCDM) Project being implemented by CDEMA, which seeks to achieve three outcomes: 1. Improved coordination and collaboration between community disaster organisations and other research/data partners including climate change entities for undertaking comprehensive disaster risk management; 2. Enhanced community awareness and knowledge on disaster management and climate change procedures ; and 3. Enhanced preparedness and response capacity (technical and managerial) for subregional and local level management and response. 2. PROGRAMME GOAL The goal of MCCCDR Programme is consistent with the focus of the ten-year Comprehensive Disaster Management (CDM) Framework 2005-2015, which is to build the resilience of nations and communities to hazard impacts. 3. LEARNING FROM GOOD-PRACTICES CANARI has conducted a review of community disaster management and climate change initiatives in the English-speaking Caribbean (see Appendix 1 of inception report) and existing community-based disaster management and climate change materials (see Appendix 2 of inception report). From this review, it has extracted the following good practices, which have informed the design of the MCCCDRR Programme. 3.1 Good practice in community-based DRR and CCA There are few tried and tested examples of community-based climate change and disaster risk reduction in the Caribbean. Such efforts have only recently been implemented and not on a wide scale. Additionally, the lessons learnt from these initiatives are poorly documented. Based on the review of selected community-based climate change and disaster management programmes listed in Appendix 1, and from other regions, as well as CANARI’s own experience, the following good-practices have been identified and will be used to inform the design of the MCCCDRR. 49
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