Case Study of UiTM Shah Alam

SEWAGE FLOW
AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE
STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
SEWAGE FLOW AND LOAD STUDY –
CASE OF UiTM SHAH ALAM
Baki, A., Jaafar, J., Mohd Zaki, Z., Abu Bakar, A.A., Atan, I., Ashaari, Y.,
Abu Salim, N.H., Shamsuddin, R. and Idris, N.A.
ENVIRAB SERVICES
FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, UiTM SHAH ALAM
Azinoor Azida Abu Bakar
25 APRIL 2013
Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION,
23-2525 APRIL 2013

CONTENTS
SEWAGE FLOW
AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE
STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
Flow and Load for sewerage facilities
Standards Flow and Load in Malaysia
Flow and Load for academic institutions
Methods
Results
Concluding Remarks
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION,
23-2525 APRIL 2013

1. FLOW AND LOAD FOR
SEWERAGE FACILITIES
SEWAGE FLOW
AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE
STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
Sewerage Facilities, including sewers,
pumping stations and sewage treatment
plants, are designed according to flowrates
(hydraulic loads).
Flowrates – calculated from Population
Equivalent (PE) and per capita flow.
Sewage treatment plants process design are
based on pollutant loads – from the
concentration of the pollutants in the raw
sewage.
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION,
23-2525 APRIL 2013

2. STANDARDS FLOW AND
LOADS
SEWAGE FLOW
AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE
STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
MS 1228 – 1991 and Sewerage Industry Guidelines
2009
Average Flow per capita = 225 litres / PE / day.
Average Dry Weather Flow = Average Flow per
capita x PE
Peak flow factor is given as:
4.7 x (PE/1000) -0.11
Peak flow = Average Dry Weather Flow x Peak
flow factor
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
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23-2525 APRIL 2013

Residential
Commercial
School
-Day schools
-Fully Residential
-Partial Residential
Hospitals
Type of Premises/Establishments
Population Equivalent (PE)
Hotels with dining and laundry
Factories, excluding process water
Market (wet)
Market (dry)
Petrol kiosks/Service Station
Bus terminal
Taxi Terminal
Place of Worship
Stadium
Swimming pool/Sport Complex
Public Toilet
Airport
Laundry
Prison
Golf
PE
SEWAGE FLOW
AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE
STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
5 per house
3 per 100 m 2 gross area
0.2 per student
1 per student
0.2 per non-residential student
1 per residential student
4 per bed
4 per room
0.3 per staff
3 per stall
1 per stall
15 per toilets
4 per bus bay
4 per taxi bay
0.2 per person
0.2 per person
0.5 per person
15 per toilet
0.2 per passenger bay
0.3 per employee
10 per machine
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
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23-2525 APRIL 2013 20 per hole

Loads
SEWAGE FLOW
AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE
STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
Sewerage Industry Guidelines 2009
Parameters
Biochemical Oxygen Demand
(BOD 5
)
Design Influent Value (mg/l)
250
Suspended Solids (SS) 300
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 500
Total Nitrogen (TN) 50
Ammoniacal nitrogen (AMN) 30
Total Phosphorus (TP) 10
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION,
23-2525 APRIL 2013

3. FLOW AND LOADS FOR
SEWAGE FLOW
AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE
STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS
The PE estimation used for academic
institutions, including schools, colleges and
universities:
1 PE per residential students
0.2 PE per non-residential students
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION,
23-2525 APRIL 2013

Objectives
The objectives of this study:
SEWAGE FLOW
AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE
STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
Compare the Average Flow per capita to the
standard of 225 litres/ PE/ day.
Compare the actual concentration of pollutants
to the standard concentrations.
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION,
23-2525 APRIL 2013

4. METHOD
SEWAGE FLOW
AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE
STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
Three sewage treatment plants selected for this
study:
Chancellery sewage treatment plant
Mawar College sewage treatment plant
ROTU sewage treatment plant
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION,
23-2525 APRIL 2013

Chancellery STP
SEWAGE FLOW
AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE
STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
Chancellery’s
Sewage
Treatment
Plant.
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION,
23-2525 APRIL 2013

Chancellery STP
SEWAGE FLOW
AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE
STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION,
23-2525 APRIL 2013

Mawar College STP
SEWAGE FLOW
AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE
STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION,
23-2525 APRIL 2013

ROTU STP
SEWAGE FLOW
AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE
STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
ROTU,UiTM
STP
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION,
23-2525 APRIL 2013

ROTU STP
SEWAGE FLOW
AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE
STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION,
23-2525 APRIL 2013

PE
SEWAGE FLOW
AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE
STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
Surveys to be conducted at college of residents
connected to the STP to determine the
residential PE.
Surveys to be conducted at faculties connected
to the STP to determine the non-residential PE.
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
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23-2525 APRIL 2013

Flows
SEWAGE FLOW
AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE
STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
Continuous flows at the inlet of the STP will be
recorded using flowmeters.
Dry and wet days will be identified using
rainfall data.
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION,
23-2525 APRIL 2013

Loads
SEWAGE FLOW
AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE
STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
Grab samples to be taken only at the inlets to the
STPs.
Tests to be conducted according to Standard
Method and HACH Method at the Environmental
Laboratory of the Faculty of Civil Engineering
UiTM Shah Alam.
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION,
23-2525 APRIL 2013

Loads
SEWAGE FLOW
AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE
STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
No. Parameter Part Standard Method/HACH Method
1. Solids Part 2000 – Physical and
Aggregate Properties
2. Total Phosphorus
(TP)
Method 8048
Standard Method
2540 D. Total Suspended Solids Dried
at 103 o -105 o C
HACH Method
Phos Ver 3 (Ascorbic Acid) Method
(0.02 to 2.5 mg/L)
3. Biochemical Oxygen Part 5000 – Aggregate Organic Standard Method
Demand (BOD) Constituents 5210 B. 5-Day BOD Test
4. Total Nitrogen (TN) Method 10071 HACH Method
Persulfate Digestion Method (0.5 to
25.0 mg/L)
5. Ammoniacal
Nitrogen (AMN)
Method 8038
HACH Method
Nessler Method (0.02 to 2.5 mg/L)
6. Chemical Oxygen
Demand (COD)
Part 5000: Aggregate Organic
Constituents
Standard Method
Part 5220: Reactor Digestion Method
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION,
23-2525 APRIL 2013

5. RESULTS
SEWAGE FLOW
AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE
STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
Chancellery STP
Design PE = 2500
Connected Properties
Actual Population Equivalent, PE
Seroja 1 356
Seroja 2 524
Seroja 3 338
Seroja Management 14
Chancellery Building 44.6
Total 1276.6
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION,
23-2525 APRIL 2013

Chancellery STP - flow
SEWAGE FLOW
AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE
STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION,
23-2525 APRIL 2013

Chancellery STP – loads
SEWAGE FLOW
AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE
STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
PARAMETER
ACTUAL
VALUES
(mg/l)
DESIGN
VALUES
(mg/l)
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD 5 ) 93.1 250
Suspended Solid (SS) 90 300
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 405 500
Total Nitrogen (TN) 22.5 50
Ammoniacal Nitrogen ( AMN ) 20.97 30
Total Phosphorus (TP) 4.86 10
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION,
23-2525 APRIL 2013

Flow per Capita
Chancellery STP
SEWAGE FLOW
AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE
STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
PE = 1276.6 (only 51% of capacity, design = 2500 PE)
Average Flow = 205.5 m 3 /day (from graph)
Flow per capita = 0.161 m 3 /PE/day (lower, compared to
0.225 in the standards)
Loads
All actual concentrations are lower than the standards.
SS has highest deviation (only 30% of standards),
followed by BOD (37%), TN (45%), TP (47%), AMN (70%)
and COD (81%).
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION,
23-2525 APRIL 2013

Mawar College
SEWAGE FLOW
AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE
STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
Design PE = 8000
Location
Actual Population
Equivalent, (PE)
Kolej Mawar 3400.4
Kolej Melati 3328.6
Menara Sains & Teknologi 1808
Dataran Cendekia 3
Total actual population equivalent (PE) 8540
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION,
23-2525 APRIL 2013

Mawar STP
SEWAGE FLOW
AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE
STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION,
23-2525 APRIL 2013

Mawar STP – loads
SEWAGE FLOW
AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE
STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
Parameter Actual values (mg/L) Design values (mg/L)
(SPAN, 2009)
Biochemical Oxygen
Demand (BOD 5
)
168 250
Suspended Solids (SS) 144 300
Chemical Oxygen Demand
243 500
(COD)
Total Nitrogen (TN) 30 50
Ammoniacal Nitrogen
(AMN)
22.05 30
Total Phosphorus (TP) 4.86 10
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION,
23-2525 APRIL 2013

Flow per Capita
Mawar STP
SEWAGE FLOW
AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE
STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
PE = 8540 (slightly over 0.4%, design = 8500 PE)
Average Flow = 1530.3 m 3 /day (from graph)
Flow per capita = 0.179 m 3 /PE/day (lower, compared to
0.225 in the standards)
Loads
All actual concentrations are lower than the standards.
SS has highest deviation (only 48% of standards),
followed by TP (49%), COD (49%), TN (60%), BOD (67%)
and AMN (73%).
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION,
23-2525 APRIL 2013

ROTU
SEWAGE FLOW
AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE
STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
Design PE = 1500
Connected Properties
Actual Population Equivalent, PE
Kenanga College 517.9
Perindu College 1304.2
SUKSIS 5.1
Block Cempaka 444.3
Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Tower 1080.9
Total 3352.4
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION,
23-2525 APRIL 2013

ROTU STP
SEWAGE FLOW
AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE
STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION,
23-2525 APRIL 2013

ROTU STP – loads
SEWAGE FLOW
AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE
STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
Parameter
Biochemical Oxygen
Demand (BOD 5
)
Actual Influent Values
(mg/l)
Design Influent Values
(mg/l)
89.4 250
Suspended Solids (SS) 153 300
Chemical Oxygen
Demand (COD)
141.3 500
Total Nitrogen (TN) 30.3 50
Ammoniacal nitrogen
(AMN)
18.9 30
Total Phosphorus (TP) 4.96 10
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION,
23-2525 APRIL 2013

Flow per Capita
ROTU STP
SEWAGE FLOW
AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE
STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
PE = 3352.4 (223% loaded, design = 1500 PE)
Average Flow = 2862.9 m 3 /day (from graph)
Flow per capita = 0.854 m 3 /PE/day (higher, compared to
0.225 in the standards)
Loads
All actual concentrations are lower than the standards.
COD has highest deviation (only 28% of standards),
followed by BOD (36%), TP (50%), SS (51%), TN (61%)
and AMN (63%).
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION,
23-2525 APRIL 2013

5. CONCLUDING REMARKS
SEWAGE FLOW
AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE
STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
PE survey shows:
Chancellery STP only 51% loaded – newest STP.
Mawar STP has 100.4% loading.
ROTU STP operating at 223% loading – oldest STP –
need to be upgraded.
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION,
23-2525 APRIL 2013

Flow per capita
SEWAGE FLOW
AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE
STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
F lo w p e r c a p ita
(m 3 /P E /d a y )
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Flow per capita (m 3 /PE/day)
MS 1228-1991
Chancellery Mawar ROTU
STP
Flow per
capita:
Chancellery
& Mawar
lower than
standards
ROTU
higher than
standards
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION,
23-2525 APRIL 2013

Loads
SEWAGE FLOW
AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE
STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
All parameters for all STP lower than standards
550
500
450
400
Load (mg /L)
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
Chancellery Influent Values (mg/l)
Mawar Influent Values (mg/l)
ROTU Influent Values (mg/l)
Design Influent Values (mg/l)
0
Biochemical
Oxygen
Demand
(BOD5)
Suspended
Solids (SS)
Chemical
Oxygen
Demand (COD)
Total Nitrogen
(TN)
Ammoniacal
nitrogen (AMN)
Total
Phosphorus
(TP)
Parameters
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION,
23-2525 APRIL 2013

SEWAGE FLOW
AND LOAD
STUDY – CASE
STUDY OF UiTM
SHAH ALAM
A MWA SPECIALISED CONFERENCE AND
EXHIBITION,
23-2525 APRIL 2013