California Strawberry Commission 2012 Lygus Research Summary

California Strawberry Commission
2012 Lygus Research Summary
Hillary Q. Thomas & Elizabeth Church
California Strawberry Commission
hthomas@calstrawberry.org

Update on new spray materials
Material
Active
Ingredient
Mode of
Action IRAC Update
Beleaf
Flonicamid
Feeding
blocker
9C
Was available for Oct
2012; expected May-
June 2013
Belay Chlothianadin Neonicotinoid 4A
Bexar* Tolfenpyrad METI 21A Spray trial data
Closer* Sulfoxaflor Sulfoxaflor 4C Spray trial data

Lygus Spray Trial
• Guadalupe trial sprayed on 8/29 and 9/12/12
• Watsonville trial sprayed 10/5 and 10/12/12
• 0.08 acres/plot, 1/3 acre per treatment, 4 reps

Guadalupe Spray Trial
Preliminary Results – Adult Lygus
Bexar
Closer
Control
Average
Lygus per
20 plants
(N=4)
Significantly less Lygus adults, large nymphs and small nymphs in Closer treatment
~ 56% average reduction in culled fruit

Spray Trial
Preliminary Results – Lygus Large
Nymphs
Bexar
Closer
Control

Spray Trial
Preliminary Results - Thrips
Guadalupe Trial
A
A
B

Spray Trial
Preliminary Results
• Closer may be a more promising Lygus material
• Bexar may be a more promising thrips material
• Marketable yield was increased in both trials
Guadalupe Trial
Fruit Evaluation (N=4)
Watsonville Trial
10/19 Fruit Evaluation (N=4)

2012 Program
Monitoring Program
• 28 Scouts trained early season
(March-April)
• Santa Maria
• Salinas/Watsonville
• 20 participants continued through
season (72%)
Bioassays
• Tested 26 fields (1 st and 2 nd year fields)
• 24 were program participants
• + End of season and beginning of season
• + Paired second year and first year fields
• Commonly used pesticides and tank
mixes
• Watsonville-Salinas and Santa Maria-
Guadalupe
Grower Surveys
Pre and post-season

Grower Surveys
• Lygus is the most important insect pest problem for this industry; 63% of
respondents replied that their program improved this year.
• Successful management: low pressure, monitoring
• Unsucessful high pressure, low efficacy of spray materials
• Second year neighboring berries were ranked as the most important
source of Lygus moving into first year fields
• Almost 89% of growers have some form of an IPM program: 74% rotate
crops; 100% rotate chemicals
• Vacuums were used by 53% of respondents, those who vacuum rank it
highly valuable (4.3/5)
• 84% would support restrictions on second year production

Avg count per 20 plant sample
Avg count per 20 plant sample
Monitoring Data --1 st year fields with no 2 nd year adjacent
10 Avg Adults
9 Avg Large Nymphs
Avg Small Nymphs
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
6/8 Malathion
(thrips)
6/15 Assail
6/22 Brigade
6/29 Neemix
7/18 Bifenture
8/10 Malathion+
Evergreen
7/31 Evergreen
8/24 Actara+
Malathion
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Avg Adults
Avg Large Nymphs
Avg Small Nymphs
6/13 Rimon
7/27 Rimon
Site 27
Site 4

Avg count per 20 plant sample
1 st year field with 2 nd year adjacency with no vacuuming
40
35
30
25
Avg Adults
Avg Large Nymphs
Avg Small Nymphs
1/30 Lorsban
3/31 Rimon
7/16 Dibrom+
Malathion
7/3 Actara+
Danitol
8/27 Dibrom+
Malathion
8/13 Dibrom+
Malathion
7/31 Bifenture+
Malathion
8/6 Malathion
9/3 Dibrom
20
15
10
4/6 Actara+
Malathion
5/22 Actara
5/9 Rimon+
Assail
6/14 Dibrom+
Malathion
6/5 Malathion+
Bifenture
7/23 Rimon
5
0
Site 3

Avg count per 20 plant sample
Field with 2 nd year berries adjacent – with vacuum use
30
Avg Adults Avg Large Nymphs Avg Small Nymphs
8/4 Actara+
Malathion
8/27 Dibrom
25
4/3 Rimon+Malathion
20
15
10
5/1 Malathion+
Actara
5/10 Dibrom
5/18 Danitol+Rimon
Assail
6/8 Dibrom+
Malathion
7/6 Rimon+
Actara
7/12 Assail+
Pyganic
8/31 Actara+
Rimon
5
0
Site 22

% Mortality
% Mortality
5/1/2012
5/1/2012
6/4/2012
6/4/2012
5/15/2012
4/24/2012
8/15/2012
5/15/2012
9/5/2012
8/15/2012
8/15/2012
9/5/2012
8/9/2012
8/15/2012
6/19/2012
4/10/2012
5/22/2012
8/9/2012
4/24/2012
6/19/2012
Resistance results
5/22/2012
5/30/2012
4/24/2012
8/1/2012
5/30/2012
5/2/2012
8/1/2012
4/24/2012
5/2/2012
5/15/2012
5/15/2012
8/1/2012
8/1/2012
4/24/2012
7/25/2012
5/22/2012
4/24/2012
5/30/2012
5/22/2012
8/1/2012
5/30/2012
8/27/2012
8/1/2012
8/29/2012
8/27/2012
5/15/2012
8/29/2012
7/30/2012
5/15/2012
8/13/2012
7/30/2012
5/30/2012
8/13/2012
5/12/2012
5/30/2012
5/12/2012
9/12/2012
9/12/2012
7/25/2012
5/2/2012
5/2/2012
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Malathion 1 st yr = 27.3% avg
Malathion 2 nd yr = 29.5% avg
Malathion 1st yr
Malathion 2nd yr
0 2 3 3 3 3 4 8 10 12 14 18 18 18 18B 21 21 6B 22 22 22 22 26 29 30 30 31 32 32 32 33
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Malathion+Actara 1 st yr = 79.6% avg
Malathion+Actara 2 nd yr = 87.8% avg
Malathion+Actara 1st yr
Malathion+Actara 2nd yr
0 2 3 3 3 4 10 12 14 18 18 18 18B 21 21 21 22 22 22 22 26 29 30 30 31 32 32 32 6B 33

Lygus Program Findings
• Material efficacy was highly variable by location, likely due to
history of use
• Tank mixing improved materials but does it reduce overall
pesticide use?
• Some participating fields that vacuumed had fewer problems
with management of large nymphs and adults in-field
• We do not currently have a cohesive IPM strategy for Lygus bug
• Changes in labor and production practices may shape area-wide
Integrated Pest Management programs for Lygus and other pests

Acknowledgments
• Participating growers and grower cooperators
• Surendra Dara, UCCE
• Mark Bolda, UCCE
• Nichino America Inc.
• Dow