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BPH-LUTS and ED<br />

Common Pathophysiologic Mechanisms<br />

Reduced NO–<br />

cGMP signaling<br />

Increased RhoA–<br />

ROCK signaling<br />

Autonomic<br />

hyperactivity<br />

Pelvic<br />

atherosclerosis<br />

FUNCTIONAL<br />

CONSEQUENCES<br />

AT TISSUE LEVEL<br />

(corpora cavernosa,<br />

prostate, urethra, and<br />

bladder functional<br />

alterations)<br />

• Reduced function of nerves<br />

and endothelium<br />

• Altered smooth muscle<br />

relaxation or contractility<br />

• Arterial insufficiency, reduced<br />

blood flow, and hypoxia-related<br />

tissue damage<br />

BPH-LUTS<br />

ED<br />

Chronic inflammation<br />

Steroid hormone unbalance<br />

Comorbidities<br />

Hypertension, Metabolic Syndrome, Diabetes, etc.<br />

cGMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate; NO, nitric oxide; ROCK, Rho-associated protein kinase.<br />

Gacci M, et al. Eur Urol. 2011;60(4):809-825. PMID: 21726934.

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