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Euler's partition theorem and the combinatorics of -sequences

Euler's partition theorem and the combinatorics of -sequences

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Define a q-analog <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> l-nomial:<br />

a n<br />

(l) (q) = un l − v l nqn<br />

u l − v l q ;<br />

∆(l) n (q) = ul n + v l n qn<br />

[ n<br />

k<br />

] (l)<br />

q<br />

= a(l) n (q) a (l)<br />

n−1<br />

(q) · · · a(l)<br />

n−k+1 (q)<br />

a (l) (q) a(l) (q) · · · a(l)<br />

1 (q) .<br />

k<br />

k−1<br />

Then<br />

[ n<br />

k<br />

] (l)<br />

q<br />

= q k [ n − 2<br />

k<br />

] (l)<br />

q<br />

[ ]<br />

+ ∆ (l) n − 2 (l)<br />

n−1 (q) k − 1<br />

q<br />

[ ] n − 2 (<br />

+ q n−k k − 2<br />

q<br />

<strong>and</strong><br />

n∑<br />

[ n<br />

k<br />

k=0<br />

] (l)<br />

q<br />

q k(k+1)/2 z k = α n (q, z)<br />

⌊n/2⌋<br />

∏<br />

i=1<br />

(1 + zq i ∆ (l)<br />

n−2i+1 (q) + z2 q n+1 ).<br />

where α n (q, z) = 1 if n is even; (1 + zq (n+1)/2 ) if n is odd.

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