A Performance Analysis System for the Sport of Bowling

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$Course Syllabus - Penn State Harrisburg Math/Computer Sciences ...$

$A Simulator for the MARIE Architecture - Penn State Harrisburg Math ...$

• The angular velocity graph is highly sensitive to a "phase shift" that can occur in the waveform when the ball crosses under the pin deck light. Referring back to Figures 2-2a and 2-2b in Section II, the pin deck light is bright enough that it can alter the duration of the last revolution significantly, depending on the orientation of the light sensor as the ball approaches the pins. Consequently, the revolution location algorithm detects a longer (or shorter) duration than actually occurred, artificially inflating or deflating the final angular velocity of the ball. Figure 3-10 illustrates this phenomenon. Light Level 140 120 100 80 60 Last complete Revolution Phase Shift Impact (Head Pin) 40 20 0 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500 2600 2700 2800 Milliseconds (since Release) Figure 3-10: Pin Deck Phase Shift, Impact Region (800 ms) Figures 3-11a and 3-11b indicate the adverse effects of this "phase shift" on the analysis of the waveform. The analysis captured in Figure 3-11a was performed on the waveform with the phase-shifted portion of the raw data included. The angular velocity begins to roll off 10 feet in front of the pins. The same waveform was used for the analysis captured in Figure 3-11b, but the phaseshifted portion of the raw data was excluded from the calculations. As a consequence, Figure 3-11b shows the angular velocity continuing to increase all the way through impact with the pins. The difference in the two raw data waveforms is only 50 msec (6 sample times), but the difference in the resulting analysis is dramatic. The simplest method for correcting the problem is to find the pin impact point in the waveform, and then exclude from the spectrum calculation the 50-75 msecs (6-9 samples) that immediately precede pin impact. After the raw data waveform has been filtered, the time is reinserted by extrapolating the results of the angular velocity extraction routine back into the excluded data. The problem arises because the filtered waveform that is used for all of the analysis calculations is reconstructed for time-independent frequency content. Using an FFT function over the entire waveform at one time yields frequency components of the data, but does not reveal when those frequencies were present in the waveform. A more advanced technique would be to use wavelet methods in the spectrum calculations to yield time-correlated frequency content. 60
Figure 3-11a: Effects of Phase Shift, Apparent Rollout Figure 3-11b: Effects of Phase Shift, No Rollout 61
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The Pennsylvania State University T
Page 3 and 4:
TABLE OF CONTENTS Section I: Introd
Page 5 and 6:
LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2-1 SMARTDOT
Page 7 and 8:
SECTION I: INTRODUCTION, BACKGROUND
Page 9 and 10:
eceiver that stores, processes, and
Page 11 and 12:
1.3.2 Product Development Phase The
Page 13 and 14:
SECTION II: COLLECTING THE DATA - T
Page 15 and 16: 2.2 Design Constraints The feasibil
Page 17 and 18: 2.3 SENSING REQUIREMENTS The module
Page 19 and 20: Pin Deck Light Foul Line Figure 2-2
Page 21 and 22: 2.4.1 Ambient Light Sensor The ambi
Page 23 and 24: 9 28 8 RST V CC V CC 5 6 hyst 7 3 +
Page 25 and 26: 2.6 HARDWARE/SOFTWARE INTERACTION D
Page 27 and 28: 2.6.3 Baud Rate The module communic
Page 29 and 30: Configuration settings and the samp
Page 31 and 32: 2.7.5 The Ball is Rolling If the wa
Page 33 and 34: covered by the wand). When the modu
Page 35 and 36: 2.8.1 Detecting Release Detecting t
Page 37 and 38: Light Level 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 3
Page 39 and 40: By filtering the data, and then cou
Page 41 and 42: The 'F300x can write to any portion
Page 43 and 44: One possibility is to use a transfo
Page 45 and 46: 2.10 SUMMARY This portion of the re
Page 47 and 48: The ball's angular velocity increas
Page 49 and 50: Light Level 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 3
Page 51 and 52: the fundamental frequency has been
Page 53 and 54: Since the fundamental frequency and
Page 55 and 56: Figure 3-7: MASTER "Analysis" Scree
Page 57 and 58: known, the linear momentum (and thu
Page 59 and 60: In order to find the value for v 1
Page 61 and 62: 3.5 ASSUMPTIONS AND ERROR ANALYSIS
Page 63 and 64: 3.5.3 External Forces and Friction
Page 65: 3.6.1 Implementation and Performanc
Page 69 and 70: 3.6.3 The "Perfect" Game to Analyze
Page 71 and 72: Since the change in angular velocit
Page 73 and 74: BIBLIOGRAPHY [1] United State Paten
Page 75 and 76: APPENDIX A - SMARTDOT MODULE EMBEDD
Page 77 and 78: Appendix A: SMARTDOT Module Embedde
Page 85 and 86: APPENDIX B - SMARTDOT MODULE SOURCE
Page 87 and 88: Appendix C: SMARTDOT Module Command
Page 89 and 90: Figure C-3 Appendix C: SMARTDOT Mod
Page 91 and 92: APPENDIX E - 300 GAME MASTER SCREEN
Page 93 and 94: Appendix E: 300 Game Analysis Frame
Page 95 and 96: Appendix E: 300 Game Analysis Frame
Page 97: Appendix E: 300 Game Analysis Frame
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A Performance Analysis System for the Sport of Bowling

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