A Performance Analysis System for the Sport of Bowling

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$Course Syllabus - Penn State Harrisburg Math/Computer Sciences ...$

$A Simulator for the MARIE Architecture - Penn State Harrisburg Math ...$

2.7.2 Start-Up The SMARTDOT module spends the vast majority of its time in an ultra-low power sleep mode, which draws less than 1 µAmp. Finger pressure applied to the insert wakes the module from its sleep. Since the bowler's finger must still be in the insert immediately after start-up, if SMARTDOT detects too much light at start-up, the release is presumed to be invalid (for instance, caused by another ball striking it on the ball return), and the module shuts down (goes back to sleep). If it is dark enough after start-up, SMARTDOT continues sampling the ambient light level, waiting for the release of the ball (indicated by the measured light level exceeding a configurable "release" level). The release process takes several seconds, while the bowler picks up the ball from the ball return and subsequently delivers it to the lane during their approach. If release is not detected within one second of activation, the module shuts down. Since the bowler grips the inserts throughout their approach, the module may experience several "false" start-ups before the actual release occurs. Refer to Figure A-1a (Start-Up Task Flowchart) for the sequence of events at module start-up. 2.7.3 Pre-Sampling As part of the actual release, the bowler applies significant pressure to the inserts immediately before release. The module is again activated (several hundred milliseconds before release), giving SMARTDOT sufficient time to see the ambient light release point. Since the module detected a valid pre-release light level at start-up, it looks for the release light level for up to one second. While waiting for release, the module stores the pre-release light samples in an 8-byte circular buffer. This "pre-sampling" allows the MASTER application to identify the precise moment of release. See Figure A-1b (Pre- Sampling Task Flowchart) for the pre-sampling sequence of events. The waveform is sampled at 240 Hz, but the sample data is collected and stored at a 120 Hz rate. In order to cancel the effects of the 120 Hz AC ripple superimposed on the waveform by the overhead fluorescent lights, two consecutive 240 Hz samples are averaged together to yield a single 120 Hz sample. The maximum stored sample value is clipped to 127 (0x7F) so that the high-order bit of each sample is available for storing the impact status for that sample. Refer to Figure A-2 (Light Sample ISR Flowchart). 2.7.4 Waveform Discrimination and Validation The SMARTDOT module always runs in one of two major operational states: it samples, validates, and stores the ambient light waveform; or it communicates with the COMM wand. While the module samples and stores the waveform, it also executes a routine that discriminates between waveforms that result from the ball rolling down the lane, the MASTER attempting to make contact, and spurious activations. After detecting the actual release of the ball, the module continues to sample the waveform and collect data in its 8-byte RAM sample buffer (the same one used for storing the pre-samples), transferring the buffer contents to the active scratch pad in external EEPROM while scanning the sampled data for a pattern consistent with the ball rolling down the lane. If the presence of a "valid" waveform (one that looks like the ball is rolling) is not detected within 600 msecs (72 samples plus the 8 pre-samples) following release, the module automatically switches from sampling the waveform to its communication routines, and attempts to contact the COMM wand. Refer to Figure A-3 (Sampling Task Flowchart) and Figure A-4 (Discrimination Task Flowchart). 24
2.7.5 The Ball is Rolling If the waveform is still valid after 600 msecs (when the active EEPROM scratch pad has been filled) and sampling is enabled (see "Sampling Modes" below), the module begins overwriting the previous waveform data stored in the main sample memory in EEPROM with the data from the waveform it is currently sampling. The module continues to sample, store, and validate the new waveform for up to 3.533 seconds (424 samples), depending upon the sampling mode currently selected. 2.7.6 Sampling Modes The SMARTDOT module can execute three different sampling modes: AUTO mode, SINGLE mode, and TEST mode. Bits 1, 5, and 6 of SDM_CFG_BYTE, shown in Figure 2-5b, are used to store the sampling mode. Also, refer again to Figure A-3 (Sampling Task Flowchart) and Figure A-4 (Discrimination Task Flowchart). • AUTO mode enables the module to automatically capture every valid waveform it detects. If the previously captured waveform is not uploaded to the COMM wand before the next valid waveform is detected, the previous data is overwritten with the new data. Since the module always stores the waveform of the most recent ball rolled, this mode is useful when the bowler wants to upload the latest waveform, based on the observation of an interesting or unusual ball reaction, without having to interact with the module before every shot. • SINGLE mode enables the module to store a new waveform only after the previous waveform has been uploaded to the COMM wand. Uploading the previous data automatically enables capture of the next valid waveform. If the previous data has not been uploaded, the module will not capture a new waveform. This mode is useful when the bowler wants to look at specific shots (such as the first ball of each frame), but doesn't want to be required to upload the data in the middle of a frame. • TEST mode enables the module to capture a waveform only when it has been expressly instructed to do so. On the first valid release following each receipt of the TEST command, the module bypasses the waveform discrimination and validation routine and unconditionally samples the resulting waveform for the maximum 3.533 seconds. This mode is useful for recording events that fall outside of the module's current definition for a valid waveform. 2.7.7 Shutdown Rather than require the module to collect data for the full sample time of 3.533 seconds, the discrimination and validation routine is used to limit the total run time of the module. The module shuts down when the first of two shutdown conditions occurs: either the end of the sample space is reached at 3.533 seconds, or the waveform discrimination routine determines that the waveform has become invalid, signifying that the ball has stopped rolling (entered the pit at the end of the lane). Once the module detects a shutdown, it updates the total run time, the activation count, and the ball count, and goes back to sleep. Refer to Figure A-10 (Shutdown Task Flowchart). 25
Page 1 and 2: The Pennsylvania State University T
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS Section I: Introd
Page 5 and 6: LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2-1 SMARTDOT
Page 7 and 8: SECTION I: INTRODUCTION, BACKGROUND
Page 9 and 10: eceiver that stores, processes, and
Page 11 and 12: 1.3.2 Product Development Phase The
Page 13 and 14: SECTION II: COLLECTING THE DATA - T
Page 15 and 16: 2.2 Design Constraints The feasibil
Page 17 and 18: 2.3 SENSING REQUIREMENTS The module
Page 19 and 20: Pin Deck Light Foul Line Figure 2-2
Page 21 and 22: 2.4.1 Ambient Light Sensor The ambi
Page 23 and 24: 9 28 8 RST V CC V CC 5 6 hyst 7 3 +
Page 25 and 26: 2.6 HARDWARE/SOFTWARE INTERACTION D
Page 27 and 28: 2.6.3 Baud Rate The module communic
Page 29: Configuration settings and the samp
Page 33 and 34: covered by the wand). When the modu
Page 35 and 36: 2.8.1 Detecting Release Detecting t
Page 37 and 38: Light Level 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 3
Page 39 and 40: By filtering the data, and then cou
Page 41 and 42: The 'F300x can write to any portion
Page 43 and 44: One possibility is to use a transfo
Page 45 and 46: 2.10 SUMMARY This portion of the re
Page 47 and 48: The ball's angular velocity increas
Page 49 and 50: Light Level 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 3
Page 51 and 52: the fundamental frequency has been
Page 53 and 54: Since the fundamental frequency and
Page 55 and 56: Figure 3-7: MASTER "Analysis" Scree
Page 57 and 58: known, the linear momentum (and thu
Page 59 and 60: In order to find the value for v 1
Page 61 and 62: 3.5 ASSUMPTIONS AND ERROR ANALYSIS
Page 63 and 64: 3.5.3 External Forces and Friction
Page 65 and 66: 3.6.1 Implementation and Performanc
Page 67 and 68: Figure 3-11a: Effects of Phase Shif
Page 69 and 70: 3.6.3 The "Perfect" Game to Analyze
Page 71 and 72: Since the change in angular velocit
Page 73 and 74: BIBLIOGRAPHY [1] United State Paten
Page 75 and 76: APPENDIX A - SMARTDOT MODULE EMBEDD
Page 77 and 78: Appendix A: SMARTDOT Module Embedde
Page 79 and 80: Appendix A: SMARTDOT Module Embedde
Page 81 and 82:
Appendix A: SMARTDOT Module Embedde
Page 83 and 84:
Appendix A: SMARTDOT Module Embedde
Page 85 and 86:
APPENDIX B - SMARTDOT MODULE SOURCE
Page 87 and 88:
Appendix C: SMARTDOT Module Command
Page 89 and 90:
Figure C-3 Appendix C: SMARTDOT Mod
Page 91 and 92:
APPENDIX E - 300 GAME MASTER SCREEN
Page 93 and 94:
Appendix E: 300 Game Analysis Frame
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97:
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A Performance Analysis System for the Sport of Bowling

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