A Performance Analysis System for the Sport of Bowling

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SMARTDOT Module Cut-Away View CL 1.375" Finger Insert Piezoelectric Film Light Sensor (TSL251) Transmit LED's Crystal (3.6864 MHz) Printed Circuit Board (PCB) µProcessor (87C752) 0.375" 6V Lithium Battery 0.938" 0.969" Figure 2-1: SMARTDOT Module Cut-Away View 8
2.2 Design Constraints The feasibility of the SMARTDOT system rests on being able to create an in-situ sensor module that is small, inexpensive, light-weight, convenient to install and remove, and does not affect the balance of the ball nor interfere with the bowler's normal delivery or release motions. These design constraints are interrelated and are discussed below. 2.2.1 Ease of Use Ideally, the module must be "invisible" to the bowler. It should not alter the manner in which the bowler grips or releases the ball, nor should the bowler be able to tactilely detect the presence of the module. The operation of the module must have no impact on the bowler's normal routine and, except for uploading data from the device for analysis, there should be no interaction required from the bowler. 2.2.2 Size, Weight, and Impact on the Balance of the Ball The module must be placed in a hole drilled in the ball, which can affect both the weight and the balance of the ball. The module does have some intrinsic weight and placing the module in the hole drilled for it offsets some of the weight removed from the ball, but the density of the module will most likely differ from that of the ball. The closer the module is placed to the surface of the ball (the shallower the hole is drilled), the greater any difference in density affects the dynamic balance of the ball. However, a deeper hole removes more material, also impacting the weight and balance. The location of the hole relative to the finger holes also impacts the static and dynamic balance of the ball. It is possible to minimize these effects by placing the module in one of the existing finger holes. With the module sized and designed to perform its intended function while located at the bottom of a finger hole, an additional hole is unnecessary. Also, the module has less of an impact on the inertial balance of the ball if it can be located further below the surface, especially if its overall weight offsets the weight of any extra material removed from the finger hole. The vast majority of bowlers of the caliber that would benefit from the SMARTDOT system utilize replaceable plastic or rubber finger inserts. These inserts fit into a finger hole with a standard diameter of 31 / 32 " (.969"). Allowing for tolerance and clearance, the module must then fit on a circular printed circuit board (PCB) no more than 30 / 32 " (.938") in diameter. Finger holes are generally drilled only as deep as is necessary to fully accept the finger insert. Inserts are 1 3 / 8 " (1.375") to 1 1 / 2 " (1.5") high, and require a similar depth hole. In order to limit the depth to which the finger hole must be drilled to accommodate the module, the module's height must be kept to a minimum. The overall height of the SMARTDOT module prototype shown in Figure 2-1 is 0.375" ( 3 / 8 "). The volume of material that must be removed from the ball to accommodate the module is: (.969 / 2) 2 · π · 0.375 = .277 in 3 . The specific gravity of the weight block material (the area where the finger holes are normally drilled) is generally 1.5 to 2.0, thus the weight of the material to be removed (assuming a density of 0.578 oz 3 / in for a specific gravity of 1.0) is 0.24 oz to 0.32 oz (7-9 grams). The SMARTDOT module prototype weighs 7 grams, resulting in a net loss to the 9
Page 1 and 2: The Pennsylvania State University T
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS Section I: Introd
Page 5 and 6: LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2-1 SMARTDOT
Page 7 and 8: SECTION I: INTRODUCTION, BACKGROUND
Page 9 and 10: eceiver that stores, processes, and
Page 11 and 12: 1.3.2 Product Development Phase The
Page 13: SECTION II: COLLECTING THE DATA - T
Page 17 and 18: 2.3 SENSING REQUIREMENTS The module
Page 19 and 20: Pin Deck Light Foul Line Figure 2-2
Page 21 and 22: 2.4.1 Ambient Light Sensor The ambi
Page 23 and 24: 9 28 8 RST V CC V CC 5 6 hyst 7 3 +
Page 25 and 26: 2.6 HARDWARE/SOFTWARE INTERACTION D
Page 27 and 28: 2.6.3 Baud Rate The module communic
Page 29 and 30: Configuration settings and the samp
Page 31 and 32: 2.7.5 The Ball is Rolling If the wa
Page 33 and 34: covered by the wand). When the modu
Page 35 and 36: 2.8.1 Detecting Release Detecting t
Page 37 and 38: Light Level 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 3
Page 39 and 40: By filtering the data, and then cou
Page 41 and 42: The 'F300x can write to any portion
Page 43 and 44: One possibility is to use a transfo
Page 45 and 46: 2.10 SUMMARY This portion of the re
Page 47 and 48: The ball's angular velocity increas
Page 49 and 50: Light Level 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 3
Page 51 and 52: the fundamental frequency has been
Page 53 and 54: Since the fundamental frequency and
Page 55 and 56: Figure 3-7: MASTER "Analysis" Scree
Page 57 and 58: known, the linear momentum (and thu
Page 59 and 60: In order to find the value for v 1
Page 61 and 62: 3.5 ASSUMPTIONS AND ERROR ANALYSIS
Page 63 and 64: 3.5.3 External Forces and Friction
Page 65 and 66:
3.6.1 Implementation and Performanc
Page 67 and 68:
Figure 3-11a: Effects of Phase Shif
Page 69 and 70:
3.6.3 The "Perfect" Game to Analyze
Page 71 and 72:
Since the change in angular velocit
Page 73 and 74:
BIBLIOGRAPHY [1] United State Paten
Page 75 and 76:
APPENDIX A - SMARTDOT MODULE EMBEDD
Page 77 and 78:
Appendix A: SMARTDOT Module Embedde
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
APPENDIX B - SMARTDOT MODULE SOURCE
Page 87 and 88:
Appendix C: SMARTDOT Module Command
Page 89 and 90:
Figure C-3 Appendix C: SMARTDOT Mod
Page 91 and 92:
APPENDIX E - 300 GAME MASTER SCREEN
Page 93 and 94:
Appendix E: 300 Game Analysis Frame
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97:
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A Performance Analysis System for the Sport of Bowling

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