A Performance Analysis System for the Sport of Bowling

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$Course Syllabus - Penn State Harrisburg Math/Computer Sciences ...$

$A Simulator for the MARIE Architecture - Penn State Harrisburg Math ...$

By measuring the time between release and impact, and noting the duration of each revolution of the bowling ball, it is possible to derive the angular velocity of the ball for each revolution, and the energy necessary to induce this change in angular velocity. The average linear velocity of the ball and the changes in the ball's angular velocity during the course of the shot can then be combined with certain assumptions regarding energy conservation and friction to derive the linear velocity and longitudinal location of the ball at any instant. Using the same criteria, it is also possible to derive the varying frictional force that acts between the ball and the lane. Section III gives a formal presentation of the assumptions, physics, and mathematics that are used to extract this information from the SMARTDOT sensor data. 1.3 SCOPE OF THE PAPER/PROJECT The overall project development breaks down into two distinct phases: an investigative feasibility phase and a product development phase. This paper presents the results of the feasibility phase. 1.3.1 Investigative Feasibility Phase The feasibility phase has focused on developing working prototypes of each component of the system - the in-situ SMARTDOT sensor module, the wireless communications link, and a PC-based data analysis tool, called the MASTER. The major tasks have been: • Building a working prototype of the SMARTDOT module that conforms to all of the physical constraints the in-situ sensor module is required to meet - these constraints are presented in detail later in the paper. This task also determined the extent to which adequate embedded software could be developed that fit within the constraints of the embedded microprocessor's resources while still performing all of the tasks essential to the success of the system. The working prototype serves as proof-of-concept for the in-situ sensor module, while it simultaneously has served as the data acquisition platform for characterizing the response of the on-board sensors to the ambient conditions they sense. • Building the COMM wand - a prototype wireless communications device that serves as the physical link between the SMARTDOT module and the PC-hosted MASTER software. A custom communications protocol also had to be implemented in both the SMARTDOT module and the MASTER application so that they could communicate via the COMM wand. • Developing the MASTER program - a preliminary PC-based communications and analysis software package that interacts with the prototype SMARTDOT module through the COMM wand, uploads the acquired sensor data, and facilitates analysis and graphical presentation of that data. This version of the MASTER software is actually a tool geared toward cataloging the uploaded waveforms, analyzing those waveforms, identifying appropriate data-analysis techniques, and implementing those techniques to extract useful information from the data. 4
1.3.2 Product Development Phase The product development phase will put to practice the discoveries from the feasibility phase, both in refinement of the SMARTDOT module's capabilities, and in the development of a PC-based (and possibly a PDA-based) GUI software application for the end-user. The major tasks of the development phase will be to: • Refine the operation of the SMARTDOT sensor module to generalize its design and performance for a wide range of bowlers. Such refinements will be derived from the analysis of data gathered in the feasibility phase of the development, as well as from data collected during additional testing by other bowlers. • Develop a GUI-based software application that interacts with the SMARTDOT module, and uploads, catalogs, analyzes, and presents the data in a form useful to the bowler. This application could take two forms: a full-featured, PC-hosted, Windows ® -based application, and a compact PDA-based application. 1.4 OVERVIEW OF THE FEASIBILITY PHASE The SMARTDOT system consists of a custom hardware module integrated with custom embedded software that interacts with a PC-based user application through a (currently) custom wireless communications device. The "intelligence" of the SMARTDOT system is distributed across two portions of software: the SMARTDOT module embedded software, and the PC-hosted MASTER application. The SMARTDOT module is designed to collect sufficient data with a fine enough granularity that the MASTER software can perform accurate and meaningful analysis of that data. The paper discusses the design assumptions, constraints, capabilities, and performance of the in-situ data collection module, and the underlying assumptions and techniques used to analyze and present the data in the MASTER software, as well as the conclusions drawn from the analysis of the data acquired in this phase of the project, and suggestions for further development. The key to the feasibility of the system was the initial development of the in-situ sensor module. Without the means to gather sensor data from the perspective of the ball, development of the remainder of the system would have been extraneous. Consequently, the feasibility portion of the project encompassed these distinct stages: • Designing and building a viable hardware platform for the in-situ SMARTDOT sensor module and implementing the COMM wand hardware. • Developing the embedded software for the SMARTDOT module, including the communications protocol between the module and the MASTER application. This portion of the feasibility phase is presented in Section II, "Collecting the Data - The SMARTDOT Module". • Analyzing the data the module collected in order to reveal the types of useful information that could be extracted from that data. To that end, the MASTER program was developed, which has served as the preliminary communications, data analysis, and presentation application. Section III, "Analyzing the Data - The MASTER Application", presents this portion of the feasibility phase in detail. 5
Page 1 and 2: The Pennsylvania State University T
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS Section I: Introd
Page 5 and 6: LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2-1 SMARTDOT
Page 7 and 8: SECTION I: INTRODUCTION, BACKGROUND
Page 9: eceiver that stores, processes, and
Page 13 and 14: SECTION II: COLLECTING THE DATA - T
Page 15 and 16: 2.2 Design Constraints The feasibil
Page 17 and 18: 2.3 SENSING REQUIREMENTS The module
Page 19 and 20: Pin Deck Light Foul Line Figure 2-2
Page 21 and 22: 2.4.1 Ambient Light Sensor The ambi
Page 23 and 24: 9 28 8 RST V CC V CC 5 6 hyst 7 3 +
Page 25 and 26: 2.6 HARDWARE/SOFTWARE INTERACTION D
Page 27 and 28: 2.6.3 Baud Rate The module communic
Page 29 and 30: Configuration settings and the samp
Page 31 and 32: 2.7.5 The Ball is Rolling If the wa
Page 33 and 34: covered by the wand). When the modu
Page 35 and 36: 2.8.1 Detecting Release Detecting t
Page 37 and 38: Light Level 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 3
Page 39 and 40: By filtering the data, and then cou
Page 41 and 42: The 'F300x can write to any portion
Page 43 and 44: One possibility is to use a transfo
Page 45 and 46: 2.10 SUMMARY This portion of the re
Page 47 and 48: The ball's angular velocity increas
Page 49 and 50: Light Level 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 3
Page 51 and 52: the fundamental frequency has been
Page 53 and 54: Since the fundamental frequency and
Page 55 and 56: Figure 3-7: MASTER "Analysis" Scree
Page 57 and 58: known, the linear momentum (and thu
Page 59 and 60: In order to find the value for v 1
Page 61 and 62:
3.5 ASSUMPTIONS AND ERROR ANALYSIS
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3.5.3 External Forces and Friction
Page 65 and 66:
3.6.1 Implementation and Performanc
Page 67 and 68:
Figure 3-11a: Effects of Phase Shif
Page 69 and 70:
3.6.3 The "Perfect" Game to Analyze
Page 71 and 72:
Since the change in angular velocit
Page 73 and 74:
BIBLIOGRAPHY [1] United State Paten
Page 75 and 76:
APPENDIX A - SMARTDOT MODULE EMBEDD
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Appendix A: SMARTDOT Module Embedde
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Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
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APPENDIX B - SMARTDOT MODULE SOURCE
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Appendix C: SMARTDOT Module Command
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Figure C-3 Appendix C: SMARTDOT Mod
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APPENDIX E - 300 GAME MASTER SCREEN
Page 93 and 94:
Appendix E: 300 Game Analysis Frame
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